Bronchial stenosis

BACKGROUND: Stenosis and obliteration of the pulmonary vein can be developed by multiple diseases and might cause hemoptysis. Traditional therapy including surgical procedure and conservative treatments might be inappropriate choices to manage massive hemoptysis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-year-old man, diagnosed with advanced stage IVA lung squamous cell carcinoma, presented with dyspnea and recurrent, massive hemoptysis. An initial contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed a giant tumor in the left lung hilus and occlusion of the left superior pulmonary vein...

A 58-year-old woman presented with a six-month history of nasal congestion, sore throat and cough, and a five-month history of dyspnea. She had a history of xerostomia for one year. On examination, the bilateral submandibular gland and parotid glands were enlarged. Parotid and anterior cervical lymph nodes were palpable. There were rales in both lungs. The rest of the physical examination was unremarkable. Sialographic analysis showed normal caliber in the main duct, stenosis in secondary ducts, and dilation in the proximal ducts...

BACKGROUND: Congenital malformations of the trachea are rare but often life-threatening. Limited data have been published on the outcomes of tracheal reconstruction for congenital tracheal stenosis. We sought to describe the outcomes of patients undergoing tracheal reconstruction over 10 years at our centre. METHODS: All paediatric patients who underwent long-segment tracheal or bronchial reconstruction from January 1, 2012, to August 31, 2022, were included. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcomes included reoperation and postoperative morbidity...

BACKGROUND: Congenital esophageal stenosis (CES) is a rare condition. We encountered a case of esophageal cancer that developed in an adult with persistent CES. Although many studies have investigated the therapeutic outcomes and performed surveillance for symptoms after treatment for CES, few have performed long-term surveillance or reported on the development of esophageal cancer. We report this case because it is extremely rare and has important implications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old woman with worsening dysphagia was transferred to our hospital...

BACKGROUND: To observe the occurrence of related complications after self-expandable metallic (SEM) airway stents implantation with different diameters at different time points, and to provide theoretical basis for the optimal chioce of existing airway stents in clinical practice. METHODS: Healthy New Zealand white rabbits were used to establish benign tracheal stenosis models after chest CT examination. Forty-fivemodel rabbits with more than 50% of airway stenosis were divided into two groups...

BACKGROUND: IgG4-related disease is a systemic fibroinflammatory disease that is mainly seen in older men, and involves multiple organs, such as the pancreas and lungs. However, 75% of patients with IgG4-related lung disease are asymptomatic (if they are symptomatic, they mainly complain of nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, chest pain, and cough) and are incidentally diagnosed through chest computed tomograph. Although, nodules in the airway and bronchial wall thickening are criteria for diagnosis, it is important that nodules have been reported in peripheral airways in several cases and rarely in the central airway...

Benign airway stenosis (BAS) means airway stenosis or obstruction that results from a variety of non-malignant factors, including tuberculosis, trauma, benign tumors, etc. In consideration of the currently limited research on microRNAs in BAS, this study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-34c-5p in BAS. The expression of miR-34c-5p in BAS granulation tissues showed a significant down-regulation compared with the normal control group. Moreover, miR-34c-5p mimics suppressed the proliferation and differentiation of human bronchial fibroblasts (HBFs) and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBE)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of surgical repair of postesophagectomy neoesophagus-airway fistulas (NEAFs). METHODS: We retrospectively included consecutive patients with NEAF managed by various techniques at our center between August 2009 and July 2021. RESULT: Of the 11 patients (median age, 60 years; interquartile range, 58, 62), 4 had received induction chemoradiotherapy and 4 others induction chemotherapy. NEAF was mainly a complication of anastomotic leakage (n = 6) or attempted stenosis treatment (n = 3)...

Malignant lesions of tracheal bifurcation usually lead to respiratory failure and risk of mortality. Airway stenting is the only minimally invasive method for these patients. The authors present a patient with T4N3M0 left-sided lung cancer (inoperable stage IIIc) complicated by respiratory failure due to tracheal bifurcation obstruction. Bilateral stenting by self-expanding stents with perforated coatings was effective for airway recanalization and provided subsequent chemotherapy.

Although bronchial sleeve resections were previously defined as an alternative technique to pneumonectomy for patients with limited pulmonary reserve, currently these resections are applied as a standard even in patients having normal pulmonary capacity. Pneumonectomy, itself, is a disease, and sleeve lobectomies can be performed without compromising oncological principles and without causing significant morbidity and mortality. In parallel with the developments in surgical techniques, bronchial sleeve resections can be performed by videothoracoscopic and robotic surgeries...

BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary meningioma (PPM) is an extremely rare primary tumor of the lung. The diagnosis should first exclude metastasis of central nervous system MPM by using imaging, and the final diagnosis depends mainly on the tissue pathology and immunohistochemical results. Malignant PPM is even rarer, and a clear pathological definition to distinguish between benign and malignant PPM is lacking. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital after a lung mass was found during a physical examination one month earlier...

Pectus excavatum (PE) causes cardiopulmonary dysfunction depending on the degree and form of the depression. The patient was a 74-year-old woman with a history of PE. Fourteen years ago, a total glossolaryngectomy was performed for oropharyngeal cancer. Two years later, the patient gradually experienced difficulty in breathing. Computed tomography (CT) revealed severe PE and right main bronchial stenosis. We performed a Nuss procedure for PE repair to surgically release the stenosis of the right main bronchus...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic tracheal rupture is a severe closed chest injury that often causes major respiratory and circulatory disturbances requiring emergency surgery. We have found that veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) employs lung-protective ventilation strategies to facilitate lung rest, aiming to minimize the risk of ventilator-induced lung injury, while ensuring adequate oxygenation. CASE DESCRIPTION: We presented 3 critically ill patients who presented with traumatic bronchial rupture between 2019 and 2021, and underwent emergency thoracic surgery with the help of VV-ECMO...

Chronic cough in children and adolescents can be troublesome both to the patient and the whole family. The most common causes of chronic cough in children are protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchial asthma. However, differential diagnostic workup and treatment can become complicated when a cough of different etiology is encountered, especially in a child having a complex medical history for an unrelated pathology. A cough lacking any identified somatic cause and response to medical treatment in combination with core clinical features of tics that include suppressibility, distractibility, suggestibility, variability, and the presence of a premonitory sensation is labeled tic cough...

INTRODUCTION: Lymphoma can appear in all parts of the body and present with different symptoms. However, bronchial lymphoma is rare and can be misdiagnosed as airway malignancy or lung disease.Patient: An older adult woman with tracheal lymphoma experienced severe breathing difficulties, and chest computed tomography indicated severe narrowing of the airway. She did not respond to repeated antibiotic treatment, and she was eventually diagnosed with lymphoma based on pathology after surgical removal of the tumor...

We report a rare case of pulmonary nocardiosis with endobronchial involvement caused by Nocardia araoensis. A 79-year-old man with a history of asthma and a previous right upper lobectomy for lung cancer and organizing pneumonia presented with cough and dyspnea. He presented with right bronchial stenosis associated with various mucosal lesions, including ulcerative and exophytic lesions. N araoensis was detected in sputum samples collected via bronchoscopy. The mucosal lesions improved after a 2-week course of meropenem...

Vanishing bronchus syndrome (VBS) is the most severe form of bronchial stenosis. It has been described as a complication following a lung transplant (LT). We present a case of VBS in a patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in remission status post chemotherapy and radiation therapy and no history of a lung transplant.

BACKGROUND: The bronchial infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is increasing in prevalence and severity worldwide. Despite appropriate tuberculosis treatment, most patients still develop bronchial stenosis, which often leads to disability. Polyphyllin II (PP2) is a steroidal saponin extracted from Rhizoma Paridis. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of PP2 on the advancement of Mtb -induced bronchial infection. METHOD: The effects of PP2 on cell viability were measured by using MTT and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kit...

Central lung cancer is a common disease in clinic which usually occurs above the segmental bronchus. It is commonly accompanied by bronchial stenosis or obstruction, which can easily lead to atelectasis. Accurately distinguishing lung cancer from atelectasis is important for tumor staging, delineating the radiotherapy target area, and evaluating treatment efficacy. This article reviews domestic and foreign literatures on how to define the boundary between central lung cancer and atelectasis based on multimodal images, aiming to summarize the experiences and propose the prospects...

Tracheal AERO stent collapse is a rare complication compared to bronchial AERO stent collapse due to differences in the nitinol framework thickness. A 58-year-old man with a bulky anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was referred to our hospital due to exacerbation of tracheal stenosis despite the administration of lenvatinib. His tracheal stenosis exhibited a severe extrinsic compression pattern with a length of 8 cm. Because tracheotomy was inappropriate, we placed an 18 × 80 mm AERO stent...