keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493227/a-robust-ultrasensitive-transcriptional-switch-in-noisy-cellular-environments
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eui Min Jeong, Jae Kyoung Kim
Ultrasensitive transcriptional switches enable sharp transitions between transcriptional on and off states and are essential for cells to respond to environmental cues with high fidelity. However, conventional switches, which rely on direct repressor-DNA binding, are extremely noise-sensitive, leading to unintended changes in gene expression. Here, through model simulations and analysis, we discovered that an alternative design combining three indirect transcriptional repression mechanisms, sequestration, blocking, and displacement, can generate a noise-resilient ultrasensitive switch...
March 16, 2024: NPJ Systems Biology and Applications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493201/optogenetic-stimulation-of-neurons-in-the-anterior-cingulate-cortex-induces-changes-in-intravesical-bladder-pressure-and-the-micturition-reflex
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takanori Mochizuki, Satoshi Manita, Hiroshi Shimura, Satoru Kira, Norifumi Sawada, Haruhiko Bito, Kenji Sakimura, George J Augustine, Takahiko Mitsui, Masayuki Takeda, Kazuo Kitamura
Lower urinary tract (LUT) function is controlled by the central nervous system, including higher-order cognitive brain regions. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is one of these regions, but the role of its activity in LUT function remains poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted optogenetic experiments to manipulate neural activity in mouse ACC while monitoring bladder pressure to elucidate how the activity of ACC regulates LUT function. Selective optogenetic stimulation of excitatory neurons in ACC induced a sharp increase in bladder pressure, whereas activation of inhibitory neurons in ACC prolonged the interval between bladder contractions...
March 16, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492925/comparison-of-eq-health-and-well-being-long-and-short-eq-hwb-eq-hwb-s-with-other-preference-based-measures-among-united-states-informal-caregivers
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maja Kuharic, Brendan Mulhern, Lisa K Sharp, Robin S Turpin, A Simon Pickard
OBJECTIVE: Several measures have been used or developed to capture the health and well-being of caregivers, including the EQ Health and Well-being (EQ-HWB) and its short form, EQ-HWB-S. This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties and construct validity of the EQ-HWB/EQ-HWB-S in a US caregiver population. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving 504 caregivers. Eligible participants were 18+ years old, provided unpaid care to a relative/friend aged 18+ in the past six months, and spent on average of at least one hour per week caregiving...
March 14, 2024: Value in Health: the Journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492811/demographic-inference-for-spatially-heterogeneous-populations-using-long-shared-haplotypes
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raphaël Forien, Harald Ringbauer, Graham Coop
We introduce a modified spatial Λ-Fleming-Viot process to model the ancestry of individuals in a population occupying a continuous spatial habitat divided into two areas by a sharp discontinuity of the dispersal rate and effective population density. We derive an analytical formula for the expected number of shared haplotype segments between two individuals depending on their sampling locations. This formula involves the transition density of a skew diffusion which appears as a scaling limit of the ancestral lineages of individuals in this model...
March 14, 2024: Theoretical Population Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491911/reporting-of-equity-in-observational-epidemiology-a-methodological-review
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Omar Dewidar, Ali Al-Zubaidi, Mostafa Bondok, Leenah Abdelrazeq, Jimmy Huang, Alyssa Jearvis, Lucy C Barker, Nour Elmestekawy, Elizabeth Goghomu, Tamara Rader, Janice Tufte, Regina Greer-Smith, Hugh S Waddington, Stuart G Nicholls, Julian Little, Billie-Jo Hardy, Tanya Horsley, Taryn Young, Luis Gabriel Cuervo, Melissa K Sharp, Catherine Chamberlain, Beverley Shea, Peter Craig, Daeria O Lawson, Anita Rizvi, Charles S Wiysonge, Tamara Kredo, Damian Francis, Elizabeth Kristjansson, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Alba Antequera, G J Melendez-Torres, Tomas Pantoja, Xiaoqin Wang, Janet Jull, Janet Hatcher Roberts, Sarah Funnell, Howard White, Alison Krentel, Michael Johnson Mahande, Jacqueline Ramke, George Wells, Jennifer Petkovic, Kevin Pottie, Loveline Niba, Cindy Feng, Miriam N Nguliefem, Peter Tugwell, Lawrence Mbuagbaw, Vivian Welch
BACKGROUND: Observational studies can inform how we understand and address persisting health inequities through the collection, reporting and analysis of health equity factors. However, the extent to which the analysis and reporting of equity-relevant aspects in observational research are generally unknown. Thus, we aimed to systematically evaluate how equity-relevant observational studies reported equity considerations in the study design and analyses. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE for health equity-relevant observational studies from January 2020 to March 2022, resulting in 16 828 articles...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491661/single-quasiparticle-eigenstate-thermalization
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Piotr Tokarczyk, Lev Vidmar, Patrycja Łydżba
Quadratic Hamiltonians that exhibit single-particle quantum chaos are called quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians. One of their hallmarks is single-particle eigenstate thermalization introduced in Łydżba et al. [Phys. Rev. B 104, 214203 (2021)2469-995010.1103/PhysRevB.104.214203], which describes statistical properties of matrix elements of observables in single-particle eigenstates. However, the latter has been studied only in quantum-chaotic quadratic Hamiltonians that obey the U(1) symmetry...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491643/properties-of-packings-and-dispersions-of-superellipse-sector-particles
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
John Colt, Lucas Nelson, Sykes Cargile, Ted Brzinski, Scott V Franklin
Superellipse sector particles (SeSPs) are segments of superelliptical curves that form a tunable set of hard-particle shapes for granular and colloidal systems. SeSPs allow for continuous parametrization of corner sharpness, aspect ratio, and particle curvature; rods, circles, rectangles, and staples are examples of shapes SeSPs can model. We compare three computational processes: pair-wise Monte Carlo simulations that explore particle-particle geometric constraints, Monte Carlo simulations that reveal how these geometric constraints play out over dispersions of many particles, and Molecular Dynamics simulations that form random loose and close packings...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491615/phase-space-path-integral-representation-of-the-quantum-density-of-states-monte-carlo-simulation-of-strongly-correlated-soft-sphere-fermions
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
V S Filinov, P R Levashov, A S Larkin
The Wigner formulation of quantum mechanics is used to derive a path-integral representation of the quantum density of states (DOS) of strongly correlated fermions in the canonical ensemble. A path-integral Monte Carlo approach for the simulation of DOS and other thermodynamic functions is suggested. The derived Wigner function in the phase space resembles the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution but allows for quantum effects. We consider a three-dimensional quantum system of strongly correlated soft-sphere fermions at different densities and temperatures...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491600/intermittent-kac-s-flights-and-the-generalized-telegrapher-s-equation
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marco Nizama, Manuel O Cáceres
A generalized one-dimensional telegrapher equation associated with an intermittent change of sign in the velocity of a Kac's flight has been proposed. To solve this random differential equation, we used the enlarged master equation approach to obtain the exact differential equation for the evolution of a normalized positive distribution. This distribution is associated with a generalized finite-velocity diffusionlike process. We studied the robustness of the ballistic regime, the cutoff of its domain, and the time-dependent Gaussian convergence...
February 2024: Physical Review. E
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490697/long-term-efficacy-of-a-2-year-mri-treat-to-target-strategy-on-disease-activity-and-radiographic-progression-in-patients-with-rheumatoid-arthritis-in-clinical-remission-5-year-follow-up-of-the-imagine-ra-randomised-trial
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Signe Møller-Bisgaard, Kim Hørslev-Petersen, Lykke Midtbøll Ørnbjerg, Bo Ejbjerg, Merete Lund Hetland, Jakob Møllenbach Møller, Sabrina Mai Nielsen, Daniel Glinatsi, Mikael Boesen, Kristian Stengaard-Pedersen, Ole Rintek Madsen, Bente Jensen, Jan Alexander Villadsen, Ellen Margrethe Hauge, Oliver Hendricks, Hanne Lindegaard, Niels Steen Krogh, Anne Grethe Jurik, Henrik Thomsen, Robin Christensen, Mikkel Østergaard
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a 2-year MRI treat-to-target strategy targeting the absence of osteitis combined with clinical remission, compared with a conventional treat-to-target strategy targeting clinical remission only (IMAGINE-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trial) improves clinical and radiographic outcomes over 5 years in patients with RA in clinical remission. METHODS: IMAGINE-more was an observational extension study of the original 2-year IMAGINE-RA randomised trial (NCT01656278)...
March 15, 2024: RMD Open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490617/degrading-surface-water-based-natural-organic-matter-and-mitigating-haloacetonitrile-formation-during-chlorination-comparison-of-uv-persulfate-and-uv-hydrogen-peroxide-pre-treatments
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuichiro Murata, Hiroshi Sakai, Koji Kosaka
Haloacetonitriles (HANs) are unregulated disinfection by-products that are more toxic than regulated species. Therefore, efficient decomposition of HAN precursors prior to disinfection is crucial for allaying the potential HAN-induced health risks. This study investigated the key roles of ultraviolet-activated persulfate (UV/PS) treatment in alleviating HAN formation. The effects of UV/PS treatment were evaluated by correlating with the characteristics of organic matter in surface water and comparing with conventional UV/H2 O2 treatment...
March 13, 2024: Chemosphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490152/bnaa4-bor2-contributes-the-tolerance-of-rapeseed-to-boron-deficiency-by-improving-the-transport-of-boron-from-root-to-shoot
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wei Liu, Sheliang Wang, Xiangsheng Ye, Fangsen Xu
Boron (B) is essential for plant growth. However, the molecular mechanism of B transport in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is unknown well. Here, we report that B transporter BnaA4.BOR2 is involved in the transport of B from root to shoot and its distribution in shoot cell wall and flower in rapeseed. The results of GUS staining and in-situ PCR analysis showed that BnaA4.BOR2 is mainly expressed in cortex and endodermis of root tip meristem zone and endodermis of mature zone. BnaA4.BOR2 was mainly localized in plasma membrane and showed B transport activity in yeast...
March 7, 2024: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry: PPB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490130/five-minute-knee-mri-an-ai-based-super-resolution-reconstruction-approach-for-compressed-sensing-a-validation-study-on-healthy-volunteers
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert Terzis, Thomas Dratsch, Robert Hahnfeldt, Lajos Basten, Philip Rauen, Kristina Sonnabend, Kilian Weiss, Robert Reimer, David Maintz, Andra-Iza Iuga, Grischa Bratke
PURPOSE: To investigate the potential of combining Compressed Sensing (CS) and a newly developed AI-based super resolution reconstruction prototype consisting of a series of convolutional neural networks (CNN) for a complete five-minute 2D knee MRI protocol. METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 volunteers were examined using a 3T-MRI-scanner (Ingenia Elition X, Philips). Similar to clinical practice, the protocol consists of a fat-saturated 2D-proton-density-sequence in coronal, sagittal and transversal orientation as well as a sagittal T1-weighted sequence...
March 9, 2024: European Journal of Radiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489987/peci-net-bolus-segmentation-from-video-fluoroscopic-swallowing-study-images-using-preprocessing-ensemble-and-cascaded-inference
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dougho Park, Younghun Kim, Harim Kang, Junmyeoung Lee, Jinyoung Choi, Taeyeon Kim, Sangeok Lee, Seokil Son, Minsol Kim, Injung Kim
Bolus segmentation is crucial for the automated detection of swallowing disorders in videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS). However, it is difficult for the model to accurately segment a bolus region in a VFSS image because VFSS images are translucent, have low contrast and unclear region boundaries, and lack color information. To overcome these challenges, we propose PECI-Net, a network architecture for VFSS image analysis that combines two novel techniques: the preprocessing ensemble network (PEN) and the cascaded inference network (CIN)...
February 29, 2024: Computers in Biology and Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489573/reply-to-g-b-mann-et-al-and-s-sorscher
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reshma Jagsi, Kent A Griffith, Eleanor E Harris, Jean L Wright, Abram Recht, Alphonse G Taghian, Lucille Lee, Meena S Moran, William Small, Candice Johnstone, Asal Rahimi, Gary Freedman, Mahvish Muzaffar, Bruce Haffty, Kathleen Horst, Simon N Powell, Jody Sharp, Michael Sabel, Anne Schott, Mahmoud El-Tamer
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 15, 2024: Journal of Clinical Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489444/tunability-selective-lithium-niobate-light-modulators-via-high-q-resonant-metasurface
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoshan Liu, Guolan Fu, Shimei Song, Yikun Huang, Mulin Liu, Guiqiang Liu, Zhengqi Liu
Herein, we propose and demonstrate an efficient light modulator by intercalating the nonlinear thin film into the optical resonator cavities, which introduce the ultra-sharp resonances and simultaneously lead to the spatially overlapped optical field between the nonlinear material and the resonators. Differential field intensity distributions in the geometrical perturbation-assisted optical resonator make the high quality-factor resonant modes and strong field confinement. Multiple channel light modulation is achieved in such layered system, which enables the capability for tunability-selective modulation...
March 15, 2024: Optics Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489414/gradient-metasurface-directional-photodetectors
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianing Liu, Roberto Paiella
Angle-sensitive photodetectors are a promising device technology for many advanced imaging functionalities, including lensless compound-eye vision, lightfield sensing, optical spatial filtering, and phase imaging. Here we demonstrate the use of plasmonic gradient metasurfaces to tailor the angular response of generic planar photodetectors. The resulting devices rely on the phase-matched coupling of light incident at select geometrically tunable angles into guided plasmonic modes, which are then scattered and absorbed in the underlying photodetector active layer...
March 15, 2024: Optics Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488444/feature-similarity-gradients-detect-alterations-in-the-neonatal-cortex-associated-with-preterm-birth
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paola Galdi, Manuel Blesa Cabez, Christine Farrugia, Kadi Vaher, Logan Z J Williams, Gemma Sullivan, David Q Stoye, Alan J Quigley, Antonios Makropoulos, Michael J Thrippleton, Mark E Bastin, Hilary Richardson, Heather Whalley, A David Edwards, Claude J Bajada, Emma C Robinson, James P Boardman
The early life environment programmes cortical architecture and cognition across the life course. A measure of cortical organisation that integrates information from multimodal MRI and is unbound by arbitrary parcellations has proven elusive, which hampers efforts to uncover the perinatal origins of cortical health. Here, we use the Vogt-Bailey index to provide a fine-grained description of regional homogeneities and sharp variations in cortical microstructure based on feature gradients, and we investigate the impact of being born preterm on cortical development at term-equivalent age...
March 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38488409/understanding-accommodative-control-in-the-clinic-modeling-latency-and-amplitude-for-uncorrected-refractive-error-presbyopia-and-cycloplegia
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jenny C A Read, Gerrit Maus, Clifton M Schor
Accommodation is the process of adjusting the eye's optical power so as to focus at different distances. Uncorrected refractive error and/or functional presbyopia mean that sharp focus may not be achievable for some distances, so observers experience sustained defocus. Here, we identify a problem with current models of accommodative control: They predict excessive internal responses to stimuli outside accommodative range, leading to unrealistic adaptation effects. Specifically, after prolonged exposure to stimuli outside range, current models predict long latencies in the accommodative response to stimuli within range, as well as unrealistic dynamics and amplitudes of accommodative vergence innervation driven by the accommodative neural controller...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Vision
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487816/new-updates-in-sarcoidosis-research-defining-and-renewing-the-quest
#20
EDITORIAL
Catherine A Bonham, Michelle Sharp
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 15, 2024: American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
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