Negative Binomial and multilevel

OBJECTIVE: Assess whether engagement in a range of cultural activities, both 'passive' and 'active' (ie, receptive and creative) participation, is associated with later demand for general practitioner (GP) consultations. DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective cohort study. SETTING: Data from the population-based the third Survey of Trøndelag Health Study (2006-2008) in Norway was linked to an administrative register including service information from all GP offices nationwide...

BACKGROUND: Multilevel analysis, in several forms, has been extensively utilized over the past few decades. While utilizing for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening may be unclear, especially at community level. The study aimed to explain the use of multilevel negative binomial analysis, developed as a practical guide through data obtained from a study of CRC screening in Thailand. METHOD: We analyzed the data of 2,475 fecal immunochemical test (FIT) cases in treatment arms from a population-based randomized controlled trial for CRC screening in the Khon Kaen province of Thailand...

A recent surge of patent applications among public hospitals in China has aroused significant research interest. A country's healthcare innovation capacity can be measured by its number of patents. This paper explores the link between the number of patents and ten independent variables. Multicollinearity was carefully detected and removed by using the variable selection method and LASSO regression, respectively. The Poisson model and the negative binomial model were proposed to analyze the patent data. Three goodness of fit tests, the Pearson test, the deviance test, and the DHARMa non-parametric dispersion test, were conducted to investigate if the model has a good fit...

PURPOSE: Personal continuity between patient and physician is a core value of primary care. Although previous studies suggest that personal continuity is associated with fewer potentially inappropriate prescriptions, evidence on continuity and prescribing in primary care is scarce. We aimed to determine the association between personal continuity and potentially inappropriate prescriptions, which encompasses potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) and potential prescribing omissions (PPOs), by family physicians among older patients...

INTRODUCTION: Indoor residual spraying (IRS) and insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) are cornerstone malaria prevention methods in Madagascar. This retrospective observational study uses routine data to evaluate the impacts of IRS overall, sustained IRS exposure over multiple years and level of spray coverage (structures sprayed/found) in nine districts where non-pyrethroid IRS was deployed to complement standard pyrethroid ITNs from 2017 to 2020. METHODS: Multilevel negative-binomial generalised linear models were fit to estimate the effects of IRS exposure overall, consecutive years of IRS exposure and spray coverage level on monthly all-ages population-adjusted malaria cases confirmed by rapid diagnostic test at the health facility level...

BACKGROUND: Ideal number of children (INC) is the number of children that a woman or man would have if they could go back to the time when they did not have any children and could choose accurately the number of children to have in their total life. Despite numerous studies on the prevalence and associated factors of the ideal number of children, there is a lack of studies that incorporated spatial and multilevel analysis. Thus, this study was aimed at the spatial and multilevel analysis of an ideal number of children and associated factors...

BACKGROUND: With the advancement in device technology, the use of durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) has increased significantly in recent years. However, there is a dearth of evidence to conclude whether patients who undergo LVAD implantation at high-volume centers have better clinical outcomes as compared with those receiving care at low or medium-volume centers. METHODS: We analyzed the hospitalizations using Nationwide Readmission Database for the year 2019 for new LVAD implantation...

BACKGROUND: Visiting the desired number of antenatal care services improve the success of maternal health programs in terms of mother and child health. The study aimed to identify the factors associated with differences in the number of antenatal care service visits across and within regions of Ethiopia by using the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey (EMDHS). METHODS: A total of 3979 women who were pregnant or gave birth within 5 years preceding the survey from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey were included in the analysis...

Introduction : We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in the receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) in New York City (NYC). Methods : We used naloxone recipient racial/ethnic data collected by OOPPs from April 2018 to March 2019. We aggregated quarterly neighborhood-specific rates of naloxone receipt and other covariates to 42 NYC neighborhoods. We used a multilevel negative binomial regression model to assess the relationship between neighborhood-specific naloxone receipt rates and race/ethnicity...

OBJECTIVES: The present study assessed whether living in a conflict zone and in internally displaced person (IDP) camps were associated with the number of untreated caries in primary, permanent and all teeth in Libyan children and whether these associations differed by parents' educational attainment. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies were conducted in Benghazi, Libya, in 2016/2017 during the war and in 2022 after the war including children in schools and in IDP camps in the same setting...

OBJECTIVES: The Filtered Far-UVC (FFUV) handheld disinfection device is a small portable device that emits far UVC at 222nm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the device's ability to kill microbial pathogens on hospital surfaces and compare it to manual disinfection using germicidal sodium hypochlorite wipes. METHODS: A total of 344 observations (4 observations from 86 objects' surfaces) were sampled with 2 paired samples per surface: a pre- and a post- sodium hypochlorite and FFUV samples...

BACKGROUND: The contexts in which young adults drink alcohol play a salient role in alcohol-related outcomes and negative consequences at an event-level, but less is known about longitudinal risks. We collected longitudinal monthly data across 2 years on (a) daytime drinking, (b) pregaming/pre-partying, and (c) playing drinking games. We then examined associations between drinking in these contexts and within-person variability in alcohol consumption, consequences, and simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use in a given month...

BACKGROUND: While the United Kingdom National Health Service aimed to reduce social inequalities in the provision of joint replacement, it is unclear whether these gaps have reduced. We describe secular trends in the provision of primary hip and knee replacement surgery between social deprivation groups. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We used the National Joint Registry to identify all hip and knee replacements performed for osteoarthritis from 2007 to 2017 in England. The Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015 was used to identify the relative level of deprivation of the patient living area...

BACKGROUND: Prescription of three or more short-acting β2 -agonist (SABA) canisters per year in adult and adolescent asthma populations is associated with a risk of severe exacerbations; however, evidence in children aged <12 years is limited. METHODS: This study analysed data on children and adolescents with asthma in three age cohorts: 1‒5 years, 6‒11 years and 12‒17 years from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database for the period 1 January 2007 to 31 December 2019...

OBJECTIVES: Although routine disinfection of portable medical equipment is required in most hospitals, frontline staff may not be able to disinfect portable medical equipment at a rate that adequately maintains low bioburden on high-use equipment. This study quantified bioburden over an extended time period for two types of portable medical equipment, workstations on wheels and vitals machines, across three hospital wards. METHODS: Bioburden was quantified via press plate samples taken from high touch surfaces on 10 workstations on wheels and 5 vitals machines on each of 3 medical surgical units...

BACKGROUND: In the context of evolving dental materials and techniques and a national agenda to phasedown use of dental amalgam, estimates of dental amalgam placement are necessary for monitoring purposes. METHODS: Numbers of amalgam and composite posterior restorations from 2017 through 2019 were calculated using retrospective dental claims analysis of privately insured patients. Kruskal-Wallis and multilevel, multivariable negative binomial regression models were used to test for differences in rates of amalgam and composite restoration placement by age group, sex, urban or rural area, and percentage race and ethnicity area distribution...

BACKGROUND: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a package of interventions recommended by the World Health Organization to improve maternal and newborn health and it is provided and implemented through a focused antenatal care program. This study aimed at assessing the uptake of birth preparedness and complication readiness messages, and compliance with each key message, among Ethiopian women during their recent pregnancies using the 2016 demographic health survey report...

Background: The burden of unintentional injuries among youth 15-24 years is high. There is paucity of data on unintentional injuries in youth working in Vocational Training Institutes. Objective: To determine the incidence, characteristics, and risk factors of non-fatal self-reported unintentional injuries among youth. Methods: Design: This was a retrospective cross-sectional survey of youth recruited from vocational training centers in Peshawar Pakistan between February 2022 to October 2022. Participants: There were 547 study participants with 356 males and 191 females...

BACKGROUND: As the obesity epidemic grows, the number of morbidly obese patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) continues to climb. Despite obesity's association with perioperative complications in anterior cervical surgery, morbid obesity's impact on ACDF complications remains controversial, and studies examining morbidly obese cohorts are limited. METHODS: Single-institution, retrospective analysis of patients undergoing ACDF from September 2010 to February 2022...

We conducted a retrospective cohort study to validate the efficacy of the Australian multitrait fertility estimated breeding value (EBV). We did this by determining its associations with phenotypic measures of reproductive performance (i.e., submission rate, first service conception rate, and early calving). Our secondary aim was to report the associations between these reproductive outcomes and management and climate-related factors hypothesized to affect fertility. Our study population included 38 pasture-based dairy herds from the northern Victorian irrigation region in Australia...