KIR typing

The role of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and killer immunoglobulin-like receptor molecules in mediating acute retroviral syndrome (ARS) during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is unclear. Among 72 sub-Saharan African adults, HLA-A*23 was associated with lower odds of ARS (adjusted odds ratio, 0.10 [95% confidence interval, .01-.48]; P = .009), which warrants further studies to explore its role on HIV-1-specific immunopathogenesis.

Diabetic kidney disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, making it a global public health concern. The molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic kidney disease have not been elucidated due to its complex pathogenesis. Thus, exploring these mechanisms from new perspectives is the current focus of research concerning diabetic kidney disease. Ion channels are important proteins that maintain the physiological functions of cells and organs. Among ion channels, potassium channels stand out, because they are the most common and important channels on eukaryotic cell surfaces and function as the basis for cell excitability...

BACKGROUND: Ion channels are essential for differentiation and maturation of germ cells, and even for fertilization in mammals. Different types of potassium channels have been identified, which are grouped into voltage-gated channels (Kv), ligand-gated channels (Kligand ), inwardly rectifying channels (Kir ), and tandem pore domain channels (K2P ). MATERIAL-METHODS: The present review includes recent findings on the role of potassium channels in sperm physiology of mammals...

Precise typing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is crucial for clinical hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantations, transfusion medicine, HLA-related disease association, and drug hypersensitivity analysis. The UCLA Cell Exchange program has played a vital role in providing educational and proficiency testing surveys to HLA laboratories worldwide for the past 5 decades. This article highlights the significant contribution of the UCLA Cell and DNA Exchange Programs in advancing HLA antibody testing, genotyping, crossmatches, and, more recently, virtual crossmatches...

Natural killer (NK) cells have immunosurveillance potential in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We performed adaptive immunotherapy using donor-liver-derived natural killer (NK) cells after living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) to prevent HCC recurrence. Dominant inhibitory signals tightly regulate NK cell activity via human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific inhibitory receptors, such as killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). The functional recognition of HLA through KIR raises the NK cell capacity, which is a process termed "licensing...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Non-medical use of Pregabalin (PGB) is a growing concern in many countries because of the serious consequences associated with their abuse. Judicial cases within the probation system, multiple drug users, and patients in treatment programs administered PGB at higher doses than suggested, commonly without prescription. For this reason, it is important to analyze PGB by adding it to the routine analysis scale in determining whether PGB is used for medical purposes or abuse...

The HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) genes and the KIR (Killer cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor) genes are critical to immune responses and are associated with many immune-related diseases. Located in highly polymorphic regions, they are hard to be studied with traditional short-read alignment-based methods. Although modern long-read assemblers can often assemble these genes, using existing tools to annotate HLA and KIR genes in these assemblies remains a non-trivial task. Here, we describe Immuannot, a new computation tool to annotate the gene structures of HLA and KIR genes and to type the allele of each gene...

Natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T (CD8+ ) cells are two of the most important types of immune cells in our body, protecting it from deadly invaders. While the NK cell is part of the innate immune system, the CD8+ cell is one of the major components of adaptive immunity. Still, these two very different types of cells share the most important function of destroying pathogen-infected and tumorous cells by releasing cytotoxic granules that promote proteolytic cleavage of harmful cells, leading to apoptosis...

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), the most predominant type of ALL, is less common and incurable among adults. Regarding the pivotal role of NK cells in immune surveillance against hematological malignancies, studying the effective factors in regulating their function, particularly KIRs as the most important NK cell receptors and HLA-I molecules as their main ligands, is of importance. Since NK responses against malignant lymphoblasts are influenced by KIR signals, we did a case-control study on 154 adult patients with B-ALL and 181 healthy controls to investigate the correlation of KIR/HLA-I combinations with susceptibility to B-ALL in Iranians...

HLA genotyping was performed on 99 type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients and 200 controls from Mali. Next-generation sequencing of the classical HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, -DRB3, -DRB4, -DRB5, -DQA1, -DQB1, -DPA1, and -DPB1 loci revealed strong T1D association for all loci except HLA-C and -DPA1. Class II association is stronger than class I association, with most observed associations predisposing or protective as expected based on previous studies. For example, HLA-DRB1*03:01, HLA-DRB1*09:01, and HLA-DRB1*04:05 predispose for T1D, whereas HLA-DRB1*15:03 is protective...

OBJECTIVE: A controversy persists over whether or not the type of embryo transfer (ET) influences reproductive outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the reproductive outcomes of pregnant patients undergoing their first in vitro fertilization procedure and explore the influence of various KIR genotypes on these reproductive outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Prospective enrollment of patients with infertility who sought treatment at Origyn Fertility Center in Iasi, Romania, was conducted between January 2019 and March 2023...

Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow (BM) failure syndrome mediated by hyperactivated T-cells with heterogeneous pathogenic factors. The onset of BM failure cannot be accurately determined in humans; therefore, exact pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, a cellular atlas and microenvironment interactions is established using unbiased single-cell RNA-seq, along with multi-omics analyses (mass cytometry, cytokine profiling, and oxidized fatty acid metabolomics). A new KIR+ CD8+ regulatory T cells (Treg) subset is identified in patients with AA that engages in immune homeostasis...

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers the highest curative potential for patients with hematological malignancies. Complications including infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and relapse reflect delayed or dysregulated immune reconstitution. After transplantation, NK cells rapidly reconstitute and are crucial for immune surveillance and immune tolerance. NK cell function is tightly regulated by killer immunoglobin-like receptors (KIRs). Previous studies have revealed that donor KIRs, especially some activated KIRs (aKIRs) are closely related to transplant outcomes...

During early pregnancy, fetal-derived extravillous trophoblast cells (EVT) from the placenta invade the maternal decidua and inner third of the uterus where they establish fetal tolerance and remodel the uterine spiral arteries, which ensures establishment of a successful pregnancy. Aberrant EVT invasion and spiral artery remodeling is associated with a number of pregnancy complications including miscarriage, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and placenta accrete. During invasion of the maternal tissues, the EVT interact with a number of different cell types including the decidual leukocytes...

AIMS: Transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels are expressed in both smooth muscle and endothelial cells and participate in vascular mechanotransduction and sensing of high temperatures and lipids. Nevertheless, the impact of TRPV2 channel activation by agonists on the coordinated and cell-type specific modulation of vasoreactivity is unknown. MAIN METHODS: Aorta from 2- to 4-months-old male Oncins France 1 mice was dissected and mounted in tissue baths for isometric tension measurements...

BACKGROUND: Supination-adduction (SAD) type injuries are pylon variant injuries and lie between partial intra-articular pylon fractures and rotational ankle fractures. We aimed to evaluate functional outcomes of SAD type 2 bimalleolar fractures in comparison to supination-external rotation (SER) type 4 fractures. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of 42 cases with SER type 4 and 20 cases with SAD type 2 injuries. Patients with a history of rheumatic disease, open fractures, pathologic fractures, nonbimalleolar fractures, neuropathic disease, and talus osteochondral lesion, and those operated on after greater than 72 hours because of skin lesion or managed with a two-stage surgical protocol after external fixation, were not included in the study...

BACKGROUND: Kir4.2 and Kir4.1 play a role in regulating membrane transport in the proximal tubule (PT) and in the distal-convoluted-tubule (DCT), respectively. METHODS: We generated kidney-tubule-specific-AT1aR-knockout (Ks-AT1aR-KO) mice to examine whether renal AT1aR regulates Kir4.2 and Kir4.1. RESULTS: Ks-AT1aR-KO mice had a lower systolic blood pressure than Agtr1a flox/flox (control) mice. Ks-AT1aR-KO mice had a lower expression of NHE3 (Na+ /H+ -exchanger 3) and Kir4...

Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been used in the development of novel therapies as a way of delivery of both stimulatory and tolerogenic peptide cargoes. Here we report that intradermal injection of GNPs loaded with the proinsulin peptide C19-A3, in patients with type 1 diabetes, results in recruitment and retention of immune cells in the skin. These include large numbers of clonally expanded T-cells sharing the same paired T-cell receptors (TCRs) with activated phenotypes, half of which, when the TCRs were re-expressed in a cell-based system, were confirmed to be specific for either GNP or proinsulin...

OBJECTIVE: Mammary Paget's disease (MPD) is a rare presentation type of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological and imaging features affecting the invasive component, loco-regional recurrence, prognosis, and survival of MPD. METHODS: Patients who had undergone surgery due to MPD in a 10-year period were included. Parameters including mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, tumor stage, molecular subtype, axillary involvement, presence of invasive carcinoma, loco-regional recurrence, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were recorded and statistically analyzed...

(E,E)-farnesol is a sesquiterpene acyclic alcohol produced by bacteria, protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals. The literature describes its applications in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, and also in the pharmacological context with a vasorelaxant effect. However, its effects on human umbilical vessels remain poorly investigated. Thus, this study aims to investigate, in a new way, the vasorelaxant effect of (E,E)-farnesol in human umbilical veins (HUV) from healthy donors. Rings obtained from isolated HUV were suspended in an organ bath to record their isometric tension in different experimental sections...