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PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical characteristics, etiology, and risk factors of bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. This study also aimed to provide a clinical basis for early identification of high-risk patients and optimization of empirical antimicrobial treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of clinical data during agranulocytosis from 331 patients with hematological malignancies who underwent allo-HSCT at our institute between January 2016 and December 2022...

Finding strategies for decolonizing gut carriers of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDR- Ec ) is a public-health priority. In this context, novel approaches should be validated in preclinical in vivo gut colonization models before being translated to humans. However, the use of mice presents limitations. Here, we used for the first time Zophobas morio larvae to design a new model of intestinal colonization (28-days duration, T28). Three hyperepidemic MDR- Ec producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) or carbapenemases were administered via contaminated food to larvae for the first 7 days (T7): Ec -4901...

OBJECTIVES: In the recent years, multidrug resistant (MDR) neonatal septicemia-causing Enterobacterales has been dramatically increased due to the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC enzymes. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern, prevalence of ESBLs/AmpC beta-lactamase genes, and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) fingerprints in Enterobacterales isolated from neonatal sepsis. RESULTS: In total, 59 Enterobacterales isolates including 41 (69...

Developing simple, inexpensive, fast, sensitive, and specific probes for antibiotic-resistant bacteria is crucial for the management of urinary tract infections (UTIs). We here propose a paper-based sensor for the rapid detection of β-lactamase-producing bacteria in the urine samples of UTI patients. By conjugating a strongly electronegative group -N+ (CH3 )3 with the core structures of cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics, two visual probes were achieved to respectively target the extended-spectrum/AmpC β-lactamases (ESBL/AmpC) and carbapenemase, the two most prevalent factors causing antibiotic resistance...

BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is the most common etiological agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Meanwhile, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) is reported in E. coli isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Furthermore, the reservoirs and mechanisms of acquisition of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains are poorly understood. On the other hand, UTIs are common in pregnant women and the treatment challenge is alarming. METHODS AND RESULTS: In the present study, 54 pregnant women with acute cystitis were included...

Bacterial infections emerge as a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide. Emerging extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Escherichia coli strains provide a greater risk of bacteremia and mortality, are increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and are a major producer of ESBLs. E. coli bacteremia-linked mastitis is one of the most common bacterial diseases in animals, which can affect the quality of the milk and damage organ functions. There is an elevated menace of treatment failure and recurrence of E...

BACKGROUND: The problem of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, which is caused by ESBL and AmpC β-lactamases, is getting worse globally. Infections caused by bacterial isolates harboring these enzymes are difficult to treat with carbapenems being the sole effective treatment option for such infections. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of ESBLs and AmpC-producing Gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens and to evaluate the sensitivity of cefepime-tazobactam combination against them...

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that can colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of humans. The mechanisms underlying the successful translocation of this pathogen to cause extra-intestinal infections remain unknown, although virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits likely play significant roles in the establishment of infections. We investigated K. pneumoniae strains isolated from GIT colonization (strains Kp_FZcol-1, Kp_FZcol-2 and Kp_FZcro-1) and from a fatal bloodstream infection (strain Kp_HM-1) in a leukemia patient...

UNLABELLED: The use of molecular identification panels has advanced the diagnosis for blood stream infections with fast turnaround time and high accuracy. Yet, this technology cannot completely replace conventional blood culture and standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) given its limitations and occasional false results. Here we present two cases of bacteremia caused by Kluyvera . Its identification and antibiotic resistance were at least partially mispresented by blood culture molecular identification panels on ePlex, Verigene, and Biofire...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory infections are a major global health concern, with Klebsiella pneumoniae standing out due to its evolving antibiotic resistance. This study compares the resistance profiles of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKP) and classical Klebsiella pneumoniae (cKP), aiming to shed light on their clinical implications. METHODS: We analyzed 86 cases, comprising 42 hvKP and 44 cKP strains, using comprehensive antimicrobial susceptibility testing and clinical data evaluation to assess antibiotic tolerance and resistance mechanisms...

Hospital-acquired infections involving carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) and extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae pose significant challenges in the intensive care units. The lack of novel antimicrobial drugs amplifies the urgency to explore innovative management strategies. Nanotechnology, with its ability to generate nanoparticles possessing specific properties beneficial in drug delivery and nanomedicine, stands as a pivotal research domain. The objective of this study was to synthesize, for the first time, biologically silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) from Lavandula mairei Humbert (L...

Proteus mirabilis is a Gram-negative bacterium with exclusive molecular and biological features. It is a versatile pathogen acclaimed for its distinct urease production, swarming behavior, and rapid multicellular activity. Clinically, P. mirabilis is a frequent pathogen of the human urinary system where it causes urinary tract infections (UTIs) and catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). This review explores the epidemiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and treatment of P. mirabilis infections, emphasizing its association with UTIs...

INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies on asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) in developing countries. This study assessed the clinical profile, risk factors, outcomes, and impact of treatment of ASB in KTRs with a normal genitourinary tract. METHODS: Consecutive KTRs from 2009 to 2018 with no clinical or radiological evidence of obstructive uropathy were included. Urinary tract infection (UTI) after ASB was defined as occurrence of cystitis, pyelonephritis, or urosepsis, with ASB being the first bacteriuric episode...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from patients with bloodstream infections in a large tertiary-care general hospital in Southwest China. METHODS: A total of 131 strains of non-repeating CRKP were collected from the blood cultures of patients who had bloodstream infections in 2015-2019. The strains were identified by VITEK-2, a fully automated microbial analyzer, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry...

Foodstuffs are a well-documented source of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and hospitalized patients are usually susceptible to hospital infections owing to their immune status. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in ready-to-eat foods consumed by hospitalized patients. For this purpose, 51 vegetable and meat samples were collected over 2 months and analyzed. Enterobacterales isolates were identified and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing, followed by beta-lactamase gene screening, pH tolerance assays, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multidrug-resistant bacterium capable of forming biofilms. This study aimed to assess resistance of clinical isolates from Libyan hospitals to antipseudomonal antibiotics, the prevalence of selected extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase genes among these isolates, and the microorganisms' capacity for alginate and biofilm production. Forty-five isolates were collected from four hospitals in Benghazi and Derna, Libya. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using agar disc diffusion...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: to investigate the epidemiology, microbiology, and risk factors for healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm in Ukraine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: Retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2018 to December 2022 in four tertiary care hospitals of Ukraine. The diagnostic criteria were based on specific HAI site were adapted from the CDC/NHSN case definitions. RESULTS: Results: Of 1,084 postoperative patients with intracranial aneurysm, 128 (11...

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) and requiring mechanical ventilation suffer from a high incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), mainly related to Enterobacterales. Data regarding extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) VAP are scarce. We aimed to investigate risk factors and outcomes of ESBL-E related VAP among critically ill coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) patients who developed Enterobacterales related VAP...

Bacterial resistance to β-lactams is mainly attributed to CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). However, the predominant sequence type (ST) of blaCTX-M -carrying Escherichia coli (blaCTX-M -Ec) in chickens, an important food animal, in China and its contribution to human β-lactam resistance are not investigated. In this study, approximately 1808 chicken-derived strains collected from 10 provinces from 2012 to 2020 were screened for blaCTX-M -Ec, and 222 blaCTX-M -Ec were identified...

The dissemination of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive update on the diverse mechanisms employed by E. coli in developing resistance to antibiotics. We primarily focus on pathotypes of E. coli (e.g., uropathogenic E. coli ) and investigate the genetic determinants and molecular pathways that confer resistance, shedding light on both well-characterized and recently discovered mechanisms. The most prevalent mechanism continues to be the acquisition of resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer, facilitated by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and transposons...