Young people stroke

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with worse outcomes after stroke, but this association is less well-described in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We reviewed literature on stroke among people living with HIV (PLWH) in SSA. METHODS: We systematically reviewed published literature for original clinical stroke studies conducted in SSA that included PLWH. We included studies that reported data on presenting characteristics, risk factors, and/or outcomes after stroke...

BACKGROUND: Up-to-date epidemiological stroke studies are important for healthcare planning and evaluating prevention strategies. This population-based study investigates temporal trends in stroke incidence and case-fatality in southern Sweden. METHODS: First-ever stroke cases in the local catchment area of Skåne University Hospital in Lund, Sweden, between March, 2015 and February, 2016, were included from several sources, including 2 prospective hospital-based registers, retrospective screening of primary care visits, and autopsy registers...

BACKGROUND: Several brain reserve, vascular risk, and other modifiable factors have been associated with late-onset dementia, but their association with young onset dementia (YOD) has not been adequately explored. OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of cognitive reserve enhancing factors, cardiovascular risk factors (including smoking), depression, alcohol use, and traumatic brain injury (TBI) with non-autosomal dominant degenerative and/or vascular YOD. METHODS: Data for this matched case-control study were taken from two larger studies conducted in NSW, Australia...

BACKGROUND: Control of walking by the central nervous system includes contributions from executive control mechanisms, such as attention and motor planning resources. Executive control of walking can be estimated objectively by recording prefrontal cortical activity using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to investigate group differences in prefrontal/executive control of walking among young adults, older adults, and adults post-stroke...

To increase the efficiency and effectiveness of clinical research studies, cerebral palsy (CP) specific Common Data Elements (CDEs) were developed through a partnership between the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and the American Academy of Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine (AACPDM). International experts reviewed existing NINDS CDEs and tools used in studies of children and young people with CP. CDEs were compiled, subjected to internal review, and posted online for external public comment in September 2016...

AMPLATZER devices preceded WATCHMAN occluder in 2002 for catheter-based left atrial appendage occlusion. The AMPLATZER technique facilitates simultaneous closure of atrial shunts using two devices through one gear. Randomized WATCHMAN follow-up data showed a mortality benefit over warfarin. AMPLATZER data make this likely valid for the strategy. Particularly young people with atrial fibrillation should be offered left atrial appendage occlusion because the risk is confined to the intervention and early postintervention period...

Evidence supports a positive association between competence in fundamental movement skills (e.g., kicking, jumping) and physical activity in young people. Whilst important, fundamental movement skills do not reflect the broad diversity of skills utilized in physical activity pursuits across the lifespan. Debate surrounds the question of what are the most salient skills to be learned which facilitate physical activity participation across the lifespan. In this paper, it is proposed that the term 'fundamental movement skills' be replaced with 'foundational movement skills'...

This review summarizes the potential for polypill therapies for stroke prevention. While a number of studies applying different approaches regarding polypill have been performed, none of them has had a focus on stroke as the main outcome. A combination pill containing drugs such as statins, diuretics, and other antihypertensives is currently available in various formats. Estimates focusing mostly on primary prevention show that using such a combination drug a reduction in the 5-year stroke incidence by 50% can be achieved - especially in low- and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of risk factors even among people at young ages...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We discuss the frequency of stroke misdiagnosis and identify subgroups of stroke at high risk for specific diagnostic errors. In addition, we review common reasons for misdiagnosis and propose solutions to decrease error. RECENT FINDINGS: According to a recent report by the National Academy of Medicine, most people in the USA are likely to experience a diagnostic error during their lifetimes. Nearly half of such errors result in serious disability and death...

OBJECTIVE: The Executive Function Performance Test (EFPT) is a reliable and valid performance-based tool to assess executive functions (EFs). This study's objective was to develop and verify two Internet-based tasks for the EFPT. METHOD: A cross-sectional study assessed the alternate-form reliability of the Internet-based bill-paying and telephone-use tasks in healthy adults and people with subacute stroke (Study 1). It also sought to establish the tasks' criterion reliability for assessing EF deficits by correlating performance with that on the Trail Making Test in five groups: healthy young adults, healthy older adults, people with subacute stroke, people with chronic stroke, and young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (Study 2)...

We present a case of a patient who developed vertebral artery dissection (VAD) while playing tennis and presented with neurogenic pulmonary oedema. The case highlights two important points: acute pulmonary oedema as an unusual presenting feature of VAD and VAD, an important cause of stroke in young people, as being associated with playing low-impact sports such as tennis. These associations, independent of each other, are under-recognised and can lead to a delay in diagnosis.

With over 1.5 billion people, East Asians are the most populous race in the world. Health status in this population is an important global issue. In the contemporary trials of antithrombotic treatment, East Asian patients have a lower risk for atherothrombotic diseases (especially, coronary artery disease [CAD]) and a higher risk for bleeding (especially, gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic stroke). Despite these observations, antithrombotic treatment strategies in East Asian patients are mainly based on the American or European guidelines that are derived from randomized, controlled trials including mostly Caucasians...

AIMS: This study sought to explore the experiences of young people (aged 8-16) and their families following parental acquired brain injury (ABI), with the aim of developing an understanding of the ways in which members of a family make sense of events post-injury, and to consider the implications of different perspectives on adjustment and coping. DESIGN: The study applied a qualitative approach using a thematic analysis methodology. PROCEDURE: Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 individuals from three families affected by parental stroke...

INTRODUCTION: There is little control of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in secondary prevention after an ischaemic stroke, in part due to a lack of adherence to treatment. The CV polypill may contribute to proper treatment adherence, which is necessary for CV disease prevention. This study aimed to establish how and in what cases the CV polypill should be administered. METHODS: A group of 8 neurologists drafted consensus recommendations using structured brainstorming and based on their experience and a literature review...

The potential beneficial effect of ozone (O₃) on stroke had been identified experimentally and clinically, but these effects remain controversial in population-based studies. This study aimed to explore the epidemiological association between O₃ and risk of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke related health data and air pollution data were obtained from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Environmental Monitoring Center in Changzhou between 2015 and 2016, respectively. The associations between the short-term exposure to O₃ and daily ischemic stroke onsets and deaths were examined based on time-series generalized additive Poisson model...

A 26-year-old black African woman presented with an acute onset of hemiparesis and visual symptoms. This had been preceded several months by symptoms which were apparently psychiatric in nature. She had no apparent risk for cerebrovascular disease. Neurological evaluation revealed a striking burden of cerebrovascular disease for her age, including the rare stroke syndrome of basilar artery occlusion. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was identified during clinical assessment. This was judged to be perinatally acquired, as there was no history of sexual debut or blood transfusion; her mother was taking antiretroviral therapy and she had facial planar warts and underlying bronchiectasis...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The incidence of stroke is on the rise in young adults in high-income countries. However, there is a gap of knowledge about trends in stroke incidence in young adults from low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to measure trends in incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) and intracerebral hemorrhage (IH) in young people from 2005 to 2015 in Joinville, Brazil. METHODS: We retrospectively ascertained all first-ever IS subtypes and IH that occurred in Joinville in the periods of 2005 to 2006, 2010 to 2011, and 2014 to 2015...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is the leading cause of death in women and the third leading cause in men in France. In young adults (ie, <65 years old), an increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke was observed at a local scale between 1985 and 2011. After the implementation of the 2010 to 2014 National Stroke Action Plan, this study investigates national trends in patients hospitalized by stroke subtypes, in-hospital mortality, and stroke mortality between 2008 and 2014. METHODS: Hospitalization data were extracted from the French national hospital discharge databases and mortality data from the French national medical causes of death database...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, and is one of the leading causes of death. Although over a billion people are affected worldwide, only half of them receive adequate treatment. Current guidelines on antihypertensive treatment recommend combination therapy for patients not responding to monotherapy, but as the number of pills increase, patient compliance tends to decrease. As a result, fixed-dose combination drugs with different antihypertensive agents have been developed and widely used in recent years...

OBJECTIVES: Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) has high mortality and morbidity among survivors. SAH mainly affects young people and may result in long-term disabilities such as decreased Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL), mental health and cognitive function. The aim of this study was to investigate the life situation 5 years after a SAH including physical/emotional status, participation and HRQoL. MATERIALS & METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a mail survey was sent to all persons treated at a neurosurgery unit in Gothenburg, Sweden, for non-traumatic SAH in 2009-2010, approximately 5 years post-SAH...