Inflammation metabolism

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes with a complex pathophysiology and multiple factors involved. Recently, it has been found that the upregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) leads to overexpression of angiotensin II (Ang II), which induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and angiogenesis in the retina. Therefore, RAAS may be a promising therapeutic target in DR. Notably, RAAS inhibitors are often used in the treatment of hypertension. Still, the potential role and mechanism of DR must be further studied...

The Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a key role in determining immune cells function through modulation of their metabolic status. By specific deletion of Rictor in CD11c+ myeloid cells (referred to here as CD11cRicΔ/Δ), this study investigated the role of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) signalling in dendritic cells (DCs) function in mice. We showed that upon DSS-induced colitis, lack of mTORC2 signalling CD11c+ cells diminishes colitis score, and abrogates dendritic cell (DC) migration to the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), thereby diminishing the infiltration of T helper (Th) 17 cells in the lamina propria (LP) and subsequent inflammation...

In the article cited above, Fig. 7G mistakenly featured the same images as Fig. 7E due to an error during manuscript preparation. The corresponding graphs and associated data interpretation were not affected, and the conclusions remain unchanged. The correct image for Fig. 7G appears below. The authors apologize for the error. The online version of the article (https://doi.org/10.2337/db22-0745) has been updated with the correct image.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to provide a theoretical basis and insights for quercetin's clinical application in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis (OP), analyzing its roles in bone formation promotion, bone resorption inhibition, anti-inflammation, antioxidant effects, and potential mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS: OP, a prevalent bone disorder, is marked by reduced bone mineral density and impaired bone architecture, elevating the risk of fractures in patients...

Thrombin inhibition suppresses adiposity, WAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction in mice. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 does not account for thrombin-driven obesity, so we explored the culprit role of PAR4 in this context. Male WT and PAR-4-/- mice received a high fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, WT controls received standard chow. Body fat was quantified by NMR. Epididymal WAT was assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, qPCR and lipase activity assay. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were differentiated ± thrombin, acutely stimulated ± PAR4 activating peptide (AP) and assessed by immunoblot, qPCR and U937 monocyte adhesion...

The role of monocytes in postmenopausal osteoporosis is widely recognized; however, the mechanisms underlying monocyte reprogramming remain unknown. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was conducted on CD14+ bone marrow monocytes obtained from three postmenopausal women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and three women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Monocle2 was used to classify the monocytes into 7 distinct clusters. The proportion of Cluster 1 significantly decreased in PMOP patients, while the proportion of Cluster 7 increased...

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is a significant global health issue with limited treatment options. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of LIHC development and identify potential targets for therapy. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-related genes was analysed in LIHC samples, and primary cell populations, including natural killer cells, T cells, B cells, myeloid cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and hepatocytes, were identified...

OBJECTIVE: Vitamins and homocysteine (Hcy) are involved in liver metabolism and related to the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver disease (AILD), but consensus is lacking. This study aims to systematically summarize relevant evidence to clarify the association of serum vitamins and Hcy levels with AILD. METHODS: The English and Chinese literature was searched until August 29, 2023. Studies were included if they were observational studies of investigating serum vitamins and Hcy levels in patients with AILD and their healthy comparisons...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of miRNA in liver damage caused by Echinococcus multilocularis infection. METHODS: Six female C57BL mice were randomly divided into two groups, the control group and the infection group. Mice in the control group were injected with 100 μL PBS through the hepatic portal vein, and mice in the infection group were infected with E. multilocularis via the hepatic portal vein to establish a mouse model of infection. Small RNA sequencing was performed for detecting the expression of miRNAs in the liver of mice infected with 2000 E...

Cachexia is a systemic wasting condition associated to advanced phases of many cancers, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. It is mainly characterized by involuntary weight loss due to muscle wasting often associated with loss of adipose tissue, possibly leading to inanition and death, without treatment to date. Symptomatology covers a complex array of disorders (fatigue, inflammation, pain, anorexia, depression) related to multisystemic impairments progressively affecting numerous organs and tissues (muscle, adipose tissue, brain, immune system, gastrointestinal tract)...

Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation, also known as metaflammation, results from alterations of the immune response in metabolic organs and contributes to the development of fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes. The diversity of tissue-resident leukocytes involved in these metabolic dysfunctions warrants an in-depth immunophenotyping in order to elucidate disease etiology. Here, we present a 30-color, full spectrum flow cytometry panel, designed to (i) identify the major innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in murine liver and white adipose tissues and (ii) discriminate various tissue-specific myeloid subsets known to contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunctions...

Atherosclerosis remains a leading cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally, with the complex interplay of inflammation and lipid metabolism at its core. Recent evidence suggests a role of B cells in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; however, this relationship remains poorly understood, particularly in the context of HIV. We review the multifaceted functions of B cells in atherosclerosis, with a specific focus on HIV. Unique to atherosclerosis is the pivotal role of natural antibodies, particularly those targeting oxidized epitopes abundant in modified lipoproteins and cellular debris...

Recent studies have shown that obesity and insulin resistance are associated with increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (GU) in the brain. Thus, insulin sensitivity seems to work differently in the brain compared to the peripheral tissues like skeletal muscles, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Regular exercise training improves skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity. However, the effect of exercise on glucose metabolism in the brain and internal organs is less well understood...

Despite evidence demonstrating the risks of developing diabetes mellitus because of SARS-CoV-2, there is, however, insufficient scientific data available to elucidate the relationship between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. Research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with persistent damage to organ systems due to the systemic inflammatory response. Since COVID-19 is known to induce these conditions, further investigation is necessary to fully understand its long-term effects on human health. Consequently, it is essential to consider the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic when predicting the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the future, especially since the incidence of diabetes mellitus was already on the rise before the pandemic...

AIMS: A multi-stakeholder consensus has proposed MASLD (metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease). We aimed to investigate the pathological findings related to the mid-term mortality of patients with biopsy-proven MASLD in Japan. METHODS: We enrolled 1349 patients with biopsy-proven MASLD. The observational period was 8010 person years. We evaluated independent factors associated with mortality in patients with MASLD by Cox regression analysis. We also investigated pathological profiles related to mortality in patients with MASLD using data-mining analysis...

SCOPE: Tolypocladium sinense is a fungus isolated from Cordyceps. Cordyceps has some medicinal value and is also a daily health care product. This study explores the preventive effects of T. sinense mycelium polysaccharide (TSMP) on high-fat diet-induced obesity and chronic inflammation in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, the study establishes an obese mouse model induced by high-fat diet. In this study, the mice are administered TSMP daily basis to evaluate its effect on alleviating obesity...

Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen-presenting cells that connect innate and adaptive immunity. Hepatic DCs are less activated and contribute to maintain the tolerogenic environment of the liver under steady state. Several studies indicated DCs in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), representing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to its association with liver-related morbidity and mortality. Studies highlighted the potential disease-promoting role of liver DCs in the development of MASH while other experimental systems suggested their protective role...

Interactions between macrophages and adipocytes in adipose tissue are critical for the regulation of energy metabolism and obesity. Macrophage polarization induced by cold or other stimulations can drive metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes, browning, and thermogenesis. Accordingly, investigating the roles of macrophages and adipocytes in the maintenance of energy homeostasis is critical for the development of novel therapeutic approaches specifically targeting macrophages in metabolic disorders such as obesity...

BACKGROUND: Recent research showed that probiotics treatment may reduce insulin resistance, regulate lipid metabolism, raise liver enzyme levels, and ameliorate inflammation in individuals with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, the possible effects of probiotic use on the progression of hepatic steatosis (HS) have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to investigate this in a large population database. METHODS: The cross-sectional research was conducted among adults with complete data on probiotic yogurt consumption and HS in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)...

PURPOSE: dentification of bioimpedance and clinical features in young men with chronic pelvic pain inflammatory syndrome (CP/CPPS NIH IIIa) depending on the somatotype. METHOD: s. 150 men of the first period of adulthood from 22 to 35 years old with CP/CPPS NIH IIIa were examined from 2018 to 2022 years. The average age was 31 [28; 34] year. Somatotypes were computed according to Carter and Heath. Body composition was assessed anthropometry and bioimpedance analysis...