Propofol apnea

OBJECTIVE: To determine the pharmacokinetics of a single bolus of intravenous (IV) propofol after intramuscular administration of etorphine, butorphanol, medetomidine, and azaperone in 5 southern white rhinoceros to facilitate reproductive evaluations. A specific consideration was whether propofol would facilitate timely orotracheal intubation. ANIMALS: 5 adult, female, zoo-maintained southern white rhinoceros. PROCEDURES: Rhinoceros were administered etorphine (0...

Intravenous sedative drugs are commonly administered during regional anesthesia. However, reducing the excessive use of sedatives while providing adequate sedation is important from the clinical perspective, since the use of sedatives can cause considerable complications. We hypothesized that the application of earmuffs and eye masks would help reduce the sedative dose required to maintain proper sedation by blocking external stimuli. Patients who underwent orthopedic surgery under spinal anesthesia were randomly allocated to the control (no intervention) or intervention group (wearing earmuffs and eye masks)...

Nasal pressure signal is commonly used to evaluate obstructive sleep apnea. This study aimed to assess its safety for respiratory monitoring during sedation. A total of 45 adult patients undergoing sedation with propofol and fentanyl for invasive endoscopic procedures were enrolled. While both nasal pressure and capnograph signals were continuously recorded, only the nasal pressure signal was displayed. The primary outcome was the incidence of oxygen desaturation below 90%. The secondary outcomes were the ability to predict the desaturation and incidence of harmful events and false alarms, defined as an apnea waveform lasting more than 3 min without desaturation...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Hypoxemia is one of the most frequent adverse events during sedated gastroscopy, and there is still no effective means to prevent and cure it. Therefore, we conducted this randomized trial to confirm our hypothesis that, compared with the nasal cannula group, bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP) would decrease the incidence of hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) or overweight status undergoing gastroscopy. DESIGN: In a single-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial, 80 patients aged 18-65 years and with OSA or overweight status who underwent gastroscopy with sedation were randomly assigned to two groups: the nasal cannula and BPAP groups...

Objective: One of the most common complications in general anesthesia is the Emergence delirium (ED). Many agents have been studied for prevention of ED, among which propofol has been successfully used. However, there is no information about the optimal dosage of this agent considering the ultimate outcome and the adverse effects; therefore, aimed to assess in this study. Method : 70 children undergoing general anesthesia using propofol, fentanyl, and atracurium were assessed. Participants were allocated randomly to treatment with either propofol 1 mg/kg (n = 35) or 0...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the use of propofol and thiopental in children undergoing MRI. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive, comparative study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: University of Health Sciences, Van Training and Research Hospital, Van, Turkey, between January 01 and December 31, 2019. METHODOLOGY: One thousand two hundred and twenty two paediatric patients having MRI were included and divided into two groups. Patients aged 2-18 years who were administered Propofol were classified as Group I, and the patients under the age of 2 years who were administered Thiopental were classified as group II...

AIM/OBJECTIVE: ENA-001 is a novel selective antagonist of large-conductance BK (big potassium) channels located in the carotid bodies, where they act as chemoreceptors that sense low arterial oxygen levels and establish a feedback loop to brainstem nuclei responsible for initiating spontaneous breathing and maintaining adequate oxygen to tissues. ENA-001 attenuates respiratory depression induced by a variety of chemical agents, essentially "agnostic" to the precipitating drug (e...

Background: ET-26 hydrochloride (ET-26HCl) is a novel analogue of etomidate approved for clinical trials. However, all results from recent studies were accomplished in young adult animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ET-26HCl in aged rats. Methods: Aged Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (three males and three females in each group) were given dose of two-fold of median effective dose (ED50 ) of ET-26HCl, etomidate and propofol: the measurements of loss of the righting reflex (LORR) and cardiovascular and respiratory function after injection at the two-fold dose of the median effective dose were used for evaluation of effectiveness and safety, and the modified adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulation experiment was used to evaluate the inhibition effect of the drugs on the synthesis of adrenal cortical hormones...

Background and Objectives : Remifentanil-based sedation is one of many protocols proposed for endoscopy procedures in spontaneous ventilation, alone or in combination with propofol. However, the effect of these small doses of propofol on the efficacy and safety of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) deserves to be examined in this context. The objective of this study was to assess the adverse respiratory and cardiovascular effects of small boluses of propofol combined with remifentanil, in comparison with remifentanil alone, and balanced with the quality of sedation and recovery...

OBJECTIVE: The term THRIVE refers to the delivery of 100% heated and humidified oxygen via a nasal cannula to maintain viable gas exchange during prolonged apnea. There are no reports of its application for Operative Hysteroscopy (OH) under general anesthesia (GA). The aim of the study is to investigate the success rate of THRIVE as unique airway management technique in this setting. The results will support the development of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to demonstrate the non-inferiority of THRIVE compared to traditional techniques...

Background: There is a high risk of hypoxia or apnea for patients with huge tracheal tumor during general anesthesia. Here we reported two cases of extremely huge endotracheal tumors undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopic interventional therapy under general anesthesia. We hope the experience will be of reference value for formulating reasonable anesthesia scheme for such critically ill patients. Case Description: The two patients were accompanied with severe respiratory distress...

OBJECTIVE: To compare ultrasonography with computed tomography (CT) for assessment of tracheal diameter as a feasibility study for endotracheal tube selection. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. ANIMALS: A total of nine Beagle dogs with a median (interquartile range) weight of 7.4 (7.2-7.7) kg. METHODS: Tracheal diameter measurements were obtained at two locations: 1 cm proximal to caudal border of the cricoid cartilage (sublaryngeal; SL) and dorsal to above cranial border of the manubrium (thoracic inlet; TI)...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the indications, anesthesiological and surgical procedure and interest of drug-induced sleep endoscopy in the treatment of adult obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. DESIGN: A redactional committee of 17 experts was set up. Conflicts of interest were disclosed and followed up throughout the process of drawing up the guidelines. The work received no funding from any firm dealing in health products (drugs or devices). The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) method was applied to assess the quality of the data on which the guidelines were founded...

BACKGROUND This prospective, randomized, controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosilate sedation with adjuvant sufentanil, relative to propofol, for Chinese patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing gastroscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with liver cirrhosis (n=148) aged 18-65 years and undergoing gastroscopy were randomly and equally allocated to receive either 0.107 mg/kg remimazolam tosilate (remimazolam group) or 2 mg/kg propofol. Patients received intravenous sufentanil 0...

Many outpatient gastrointestinal procedures are completed with propofol anesthesia. A side effect of propofol is airway obstruction and subsequent hypoxia. This study was designed to determine whether the use of a high-flow nasal cannula is associated with a decreased incidence of hypoxia or airway obstruction in patients undergoing propofol sedation in the gastrointestinal laboratory with a STOP-BANG score ≥5. High-flow nasal cannula was administered at 70 L/min on 27 patients with a STOP-BANG score ≥5 receiving monitored anesthesia care sedation for an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, or colonoscopy procedure...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of intravenous (IV) premedication with acepromazine, butorphanol or their combination, on the propofol anesthetic induction dosage in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, blinded, Latin square design. ANIMALS: A total of three male and three female, healthy Beagle dogs, aged 3.79 ± 0.02 years, weighing 10.6 ± 1.1 kg, mean ± standard deviation. METHODS: Each dog was assigned to one of six IV treatments weekly: 0...

Obesity poses several challenges for anesthetists. The several comorbidities associated with obesity can result in very complex management, which requires a multimodal and reasoned approach. The possible difficult airways are, certainly, the obstacle that most can put the anesthetist to the test. From this point of view, regional anesthesia (RA) can be a valid alternative to general anesthesia (GA) in selected patients. The possibility of performing an anesthetic block allows the fulfilment of the surgical act...

BACKGROUND: Many different sedation concepts for magnetic resonance imaging have been described for prematurely and term-born infants, ranging from "no sedation" to general anesthesia. Dexmedetomidine is an alpha-2 receptor agonist that is frequently used to sedate older children, because the anesthesiologist can easily adjust sedation depth, the patient maintains spontaneous breathing, and awakens rapidly afterwards. AIMS: The present study evaluates whether dexmedetomidine could safely be used as the sole sedative for prematurely and term-born infants less than 60 weeks postconceptional age undergoing diagnostic procedures...

INTRODUCTION: Toleration of the complexity and pain of interventions such as endoscopy and colonoscopy is highly difficult for patients. Considering the disagreement on the method of injection of propofol, this study was performed to evaluate the quality of anesthesia using the three methods of propofol + fentanyl, propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine, and propofol + fentanyl + lidocaine + ketamine. METHODS: This one-way blind clinical trial study included 99 patients who were admitted in three groups by block randomization method...

PURPOSE: A recent study demonstrated that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may exacerbate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with multiple system atrophy (MSA) and a floppy epiglottis (FE) as the CPAP promotes downward displacement of the epiglottis into the laryngeal inlet. In this case series, we examined the effectiveness of an oral appliance (OA) for treating OSA in three patients with MSA and an FE. METHODS: Patients with MSA were demonstrated to have an FE on fiberoptic laryngoscopy under sedation using intravenous propofol...