Petar M Seferović, Marija Polovina, Christopher Adlbrecht, Jan Bělohlávek, Ovidiu Chioncel, Eva Goncalvesová, Ivan Milinković, Avishay Grupper, Róbert Halmosi, Ginta Kamzola, Konstantinos C Koskinas, Yuri Lopatin, Alexander Parkhomenko, Pentti Põder, Arsen D Ristić, Gintarė Šakalytė, Matias Trbušić, Meiramgul Tundybayeva, Bojan Vrtovec, Yoto T Yotov, Davor Miličić, Piotr Ponikowski, Marco Metra, Giuseppe Rosano, Andrew J S Coats
Guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) has the potential to reduce the risks of mortality and hospitalisation in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, real-world data indicate that many patients with HFrEF do not receive optimised GDMT, which involves several different medications, many of which require up-titration to target doses. There are many challenges to implementing GDMT, the most important being patient-related factors (comorbidities, advanced age, frailty, cognitive impairment, poor adherence, low socioeconomic status), treatment-related factors (intolerance, side-effects) and healthcare-related factors that influence availability and accessibility of HF care...
December 2021: European Journal of Heart Failure