Hemophilus influenza

BACKGROUND: Hemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative coccobacillus. Non-typeable H. influenzae infection is a significant cause of disease that activates the inflammatory pathway involving the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich-containing family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. A gain-of-function mutation in NLRP3 results in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes characterized by inflammatory conditions in the lungs, skin, joints, and eyes but not in the gut. This leads to homeostasis of the gut microbiota, which reduces inflammation and may have protective effect against colorectal cancer (CRC)...

BACKGROUND: Data on the epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae among influenza-like illness (ILI) cases, particularly in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. This study assessed the prevalence, risk factors and serotype distribution of S. pneumoniae carriage among ILI cases in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced among infants in October 2013. METHODS: Active ILI surveillance was conducted through weekly phone calls in an open community-based cohort study (April 2015-February 2019), involving 5,690 participants from 1,142 randomly selected households...

Hemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative bacteria responsible for significant cases of invasive infections, especially in the pediatric population and in immunosuppressed adult patients. Before vaccination, most cases were frequently caused by capsulated or typeable variants. Due to the absence of effective vaccination against the nontypeable variant, it is now responsible for most invasive infections. Predisposing risk factors in adults include asplenia, hypocomplementemia, cancer, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and chronic cardiopulmonary disease...

Immunization schedules affect community vaccine uptake rates, especially in children who have defaulted on their regular immunization timelines. In 2020, Singapore revised its National Childhood Immunization Schedule (NCIS) to incorporate two new combination vaccines: the hexavalent hepatitis, diphtheria, acellular pertussis, tetanus (DTaP), hemophilus influenzae b (Hib), inactivated poliovirus (IPV) (6-in-1), and the quadrivalent measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccines, thus reducing the mean number of clinic visits and vaccine doses by two...

Haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative pleomorphic coccobacillus associated with many diseases, such as meningitis, pneumonia, septicemia, cellulitis, and otitis media. The most virulent and most common serotype is H. influenzae type b (Hib), which was responsible for the majority of meningitis cases until the development of vaccines that led to a decrease in its incidence worldwide. Here, we report the case of an 11-month-old female infant who was previously healthy and fully vaccinated against Hib and developed sepsis and meningitis...

A post-splenectomy patient suffers from frequent infections due to capsulated bacteria like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis despite vaccination because of a lack of memory B lymphocytes. Pacemaker implantation after splenectomy is less common. Our patient underwent splenectomy for splenic rupture after a road traffic accident. He developed a complete heart block after seven years, during which a dual-chamber pacemaker was implanted. However, he was operated on seven times to treat the complication related to that pacemaker over a period of one year because of various reasons, which have been shared in this case report...

Demographic and socioeconomic factors are recognized to contribute to disparities in healthcare outcomes. Originally, bronchiectasis was described in a population of predominantly White ethnic group of patients in which racial disparity could not be identified. The U.S. Bronchiectasis Research Registry (BRR), a centralized database of adult patients with bronchiectasis and/or NTM from 18 clinical institutions across the U.S., was created to support the research of this condition. The aim of this study is to describe the racial and ethnic distribution of patients enrolled in the BRR and evaluate factors associated with healthcare disparities within manifestations of and/or the care delivered to this population...

BACKGROUND: previous worldwide reports indicated a substantial short-term reduction in various respiratory infections during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. AIMS: exploring the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory pathogens. METHODS: retrospective analysis of bacterial and viral positivity rate in respiratory samples, between 1 January 2017-30 June 2022 in a tertiary hospital in Jerusalem, Israel. RESULTS: A decline in overall respiratory tests and positivity rate was observed in the first months of the pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). The primary aim of this study was to describe VAP, including the microbiology of VAP and differences in frequency of VAP when various definitions are applied. The secondary aim was to determine the clinical variables associated with the development of VAP in children with severe TBI. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study at a quaternary referral children's hospital with a level I trauma center designation...

INTRODUCTION: Primary splenic hydatidosis is a rare zoonotic disease, common in grazing regions of the world. Primary splenic hydatid cyst is rare and accounts for <2% of patients. Splenectomy is advocated in case of giant hydatid cyst locating in central and hilum area; however, spleen salvaging operations are done in superficial cyst, cysts localized to one pole of the spleen or cysts that are unresectable due to extensive adhesions and in children. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present a case of 29-year male patient from rural areas presented with the complain of left hypochondriac pain and tenderness along with the history of farming and cattle raising...

BACKGROUND: Three hexavalent (DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB) vaccines are licensed in Europe, only one of which (Vaxelis, Hex-V), uses a meningococcal outer membrane protein complex as a carrier protein for Hemophilus influenza type b (Hib), creating potential interactions with the meningococcal vaccine 4CMenB. METHODS: In this single-center open-label randomized trial, infants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive Hex-V or an alternative hexavalent vaccine (Infanrix-Hexa, Hex-IH) at 2, 3, and 4 months with 4CMenB (2, 4, and 12 months) in the UK routine immunization schedule...

Sexually-transmitted organisms that frequently originate from the flora of the lower genital tract are often implicated in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Haemophilus influenzae , a pathogen found primarily in the upper respiratory tract, has been rarely associated with PID. Here we report a case of a young woman with PID whose blood cultures grew H . influenzae biotype II, a reminder that the endometrium can be the source of systemic H. influenzae  infection when no typical primary focus is found.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Anti-TNFα is measurable in infants exposed in utero up to 12 months of age. Data about the exposure effect on the infant's adaptive immunity are limited. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the distribution and function of T and B cells, in infants of females with inflammatory bowel disease, in utero exposed to anti-TNFα or azathioprine. METHODS: A prospective multi-center study conducted 2014-2017. Anti-TNFα levels were measured in cord blood, and at 3 and 12 months...

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with functional gastroenteropathy and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and the relationship between intestinal flora and psychological factors. Materials and methods: From March 2020 to December 2020, a total of 35 patients with functional gastroenteropathy and generalized anxiety disorder, 30 healthy controls, 16 patients with functional gastroenteropathy, and 44 patients with generalized anxiety disorder were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University...

BACKGROUND: Meningitis is considered a life-threatening infection with high mortality all over the world. Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) are regarded as the two most common infectious agents causing bacterial meningitis. This study aimed to identify H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae serotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with meningitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: This multi-center cross-sectional study included 284 children with suspected meningitis referred to 4 target hospitals...

Introduction: Bacterial infections in CF patients are common and start early in life. The prognosis of the disease is substantially dependent on chronic respiratory infection and inflammation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection or chronic colonization have been established to cause a chronic decline in pulmonary function (PFT), and/or increase CF mortality. Objectives: To obtain the prevalence of all bacterial pathogens in our CF patients and assess their evolution over time...

BACKGROUND: Substantial inequalities exist in childhood vaccination coverage levels. To increase vaccine uptake, factors that predict vaccination coverage in children should be identified and addressed. METHODS: Using data from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey and geospatial data sets, we fitted Bayesian multilevel binomial and multinomial logistic regression models to analyse independent predictors of three vaccination outcomes: receipt of the first dose of Pentavalent vaccine (containing diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, Hemophilus influenzae type B and Hepatitis B vaccines) (PENTA1) (n = 6059) and receipt of the third dose having received the first (PENTA3/1) (n = 3937) in children aged 12-23 months, and receipt of measles vaccine (MV) (n = 11839) among children aged 12-35 months...

The prevalence, incidence, and characteristics of bacterial infections in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are not well understood and have been raised as an important knowledge gap. Therefore, our study focused on the most common opportunistic infections/secondary infections/superinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses...

PURPOSE: To study the metagenome of the microbes present on the extubated lacrimal stents following a dacryocystorhinostomy. METHODS: A prospective study was performed on 10 consecutive extubated lacrimal stents obtained for the metagenomic analysis from the patients following an endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. The stents were extubated at 4 weeks postoperatively under endoscopic guidance and immediately transported on ice to the laboratory. Following DNA extraction and library preparation, a whole shotgun metagenome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform...

BACKGROUND: Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a rare but severe infection. Few population-based studies have characterised BM episodes and sequelae over long periods. METHODS: This was a population-based observational cohort study with national coverage, using data on aetiological pathogens, sex, premorbid conditions, steroid pretreatment, severe sequelae and birth, death and diagnosis dates collected from 10,339 patients with BM reported to the National Board of Health and Welfare in Sweden between 1964 and 2014...