tbc1d1

BACKGROUND: Stevioside (SV) with minimal calories is widely used as a natural sweetener in beverages due to its high sweetness and safety. However, the effects of SV on glucose uptake and the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme (PDK4) as an important protein in the regulation of glucose metabolism, remain largely unexplored. In this study, we used C2C12 skeletal muscle cells that was induced by palmitic acid (PA) to assess the effects and mechanisms of SV on glucose uptake and PDK4...

BACKGROUND: Glioma, an aggressive brain tumor, poses a challenge in understanding the mechanisms of treatment resistance, despite promising results from immunotherapy. METHODS: We identified genes associated with immunotherapy resistance through an analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Subsequently, qRT-PCR and western blot analyses were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein levels of TBC1 Domain Family Member 1 (TBC1D1), respectively...

Exercise has long been known for its beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity (IS) and glucose handling with both moderate-intensity continuous (MIC) exercise and resistance exercise (RE) inducing beneficial effects. In recent years, low-load high repetition (LLHR) RE has emerged as a strategy to increase muscle mass and strength to levels similar to traditional RE, however the effects of LLHR RE on glucose handling has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this trial was to compare the acute effects of LLHR RE to MIC exercise on post-exercise glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in males and females...

Impaired skeletal muscle glucose uptake is a key feature in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake can be enhanced by a variety of different stimuli, including insulin and contraction as the most prominent. In contrast to the clearance of glucose from the bloodstream in response to insulin stimulation, exercise-induced glucose uptake into skeletal muscle is unaffected during the progression of insulin resistance, placing physical activity at the center of prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases...

AIMS: Diabetes is one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries. Performing physical activity in various ways and different environments using herbal supplements can be used as a non-pharmacological solution to prevent and improve diabetes. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of cold water swimming exercise training combined with cinnamon supplementation on HbA1C (Hemoglobin A1c) levels, TBC1D1 (TBC1 domain family member 1), and TBC1D4 (TBC1 Domain Family Member 4) in diabetic rats...

BACKGROUND: Glioma is one of the most aggressive malignant brain tumors and is characterized by invasive growth and poor prognosis. TBC1D1, a member of the TBC family, is associated with the development of various malignancies. However, the role of TBC1D1 in glioma-genesis remains unclear. METHODS: The effect of TBC1D1 on the prognosis of glioma patients and related influencing factors were analyzed in the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases...

BACKGROUND: The clinical correlation between erectile dysfunction (ED) and depression has been revealed in cumulative studies. However, the evidence of shared mechanisms between them was insufficient. This study aimed to explore common transcriptomic alterations associated with ED and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gene sets associated with ED and depression were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Comparative analysis was conducted to obtain common genes...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the predominant cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the need for kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in children. Although more than 60 genes are known to cause CAKUT if mutated, genetic etiology is detected, on average, in only 16% of unselected CAKUT cases, making genetic testing unproductive. METHODS: Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed in 100 patients with CAKUT diagnosed in the first 1000 days of life with CKD stages 1 to 5D/T...

The 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important skeletal muscle regulator implicated as a possible therapeutic target to ameliorate the local undesired deconditioning of disuse atrophy. However, the muscle-specific role of AMPK in regulating muscle function, fibrosis, and transcriptional reprogramming during physical disuse are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine how the absence of both catalytic subunits of AMPK in skeletal muscle influence muscle force production, collagen deposition, and the transcriptional landscape...

Intellectual disability, a genetically and clinically varied disorder and is a significant health problem, particularly in less developed countries due to larger family size and high ratio of consanguineous marriages. In the current genetic study, we investigate and find the novel disease causative factors in the four Pakistani families with severe type of non-syndromic intellectual disability. For genetic analysis whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing was performed. I-TASSER and Cluspro tools were used for Protein modeling and Protein-protein docking...

Oral cholera vaccine is one of the key interventions used in our fight to end the longest pandemic of our time, cholera. The immune response conferred by the currently available cholera vaccines, as measured by serum antibody levels, is variable amongst its recipients. We undertook a genome wide association study (GWAS) on antibody response to the cholera vaccine; globally, the first GWAS on cholera vaccine response. We identified three clusters of bi-allelic SNPs, in high within-cluster linkage disequilibrium that were moderately (p < 5 × 10-6 ) associated with antibody response to the cholera vaccine and mapped to chromosomal regions 4p14, 4p16...

Glucose is an important fuel for highly active skeletal muscles. Increased adenosine monophosphate (AMP)/adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratios during repetitive contractions trigger AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), indicated by phosphorylation of AMPKαThr172 , which promotes glucose uptake to support heightened energy needs, but it also suppresses anabolic processes. Inhibition of AMPK can occur by protein kinase B (AKT)-mediated phosphorylation of AMPKαSer485/491 , releasing its brake on growth...

Interval training has been found to lower glucose concentrations and increase insulin sensitivity in males but not females, which may be due to inherent sex-based differences in metabolism. Twenty-four (12/sex) participants completed a bout of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE, 10x1min at 90% HRmax ) to evaluate whether sex influenced the physiological effects of HIIE on post-exercise glycemic control during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Given that body anthropometrics influence postprandial glucose, data were also expressed as a function of the normalized glucose dose...

Egg production performance plays an important role in the poultry industry across the world. Previous studies have shown a great difference in egg production performance between pendulous-comb (PC) and upright-comb (UC) chickens. However, there are no reports to identify potential candidate genes for egg production in PC and UC chickens. In the present study, 1,606 laying chickens were raised, and the egg laid by individual chicken was collected for 100 d. Moreover, the expression level of estrogen and progesterone hormones was measured at the start-laying and peak-laying periods of hens...

Canine atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease with clinical similarities to human atopic dermatitis. Several dog breeds are at increased risk for developing this disease but previous genetic associations are poorly defined. To identify additional genetic risk factors for canine atopic dermatitis, we here apply a Bayesian mixture model adapted for mapping complex traits and a cross-population extended haplotype test to search for disease-associated loci and selective sweeps in four dog breeds at risk for atopic dermatitis...

BACKGROUND: MICAL1 is involved in the malignant processes of several types of cancer; however, the role of MICAL1 in pancreatic cancer (PC) has not been well-characterized. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of MICAL1 in PC. METHODS: RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect MICAL1 expression in PC and adjacent nontumor tissues. Cell Counting Kit-8, EdU, clone formation, wound healing, and Transwell assays as well as animal models were used to investigate the effects of overexpression or inhibition of MICAL1 expression on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of PC cells...

In Chinese pig populations in which crossbreeding is used, these animals show a level of weakness compared with their original purebred ancestors. For instance, in the Lulai pig, a newly developed Chinese breed that is raised on the basis of the Laiwu pig (a Chinese indigenous breed with exceptionally high intramuscular fat content) and the Yorkshire pig using a method of systematic crossbreeding, both their market acceptance and performance are inferior. To reveal the practical role of these admixed breeds and traditional systematic crossbreeding methods at the genomic level, we explored population structure, genetic signatures, and introgression...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved, heterotrimeric serine/threonine kinase with critical sensory and regulatory functions, is proposed to induce anti-aging actions of caloric restriction (CR). Although earlier studies assessed CR's effects on AMPK in rodent skeletal muscle, the scope of these studies was narrow with limited focus on older animals. This study's purpose was to fill important knowledge gaps related to CR's influence on AMPK in skeletal muscle of older animals. Therefore, using epitrochlearis muscles from 24 month-old ad libitum fed (AL) and CR (consuming 65% of AL intake for 8 weeks), male Fischer-344 x Brown Norway F1 rats, we determined: 1) AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation (a key regulatory site) by immunoblot; 2) AMPKα1 and AMPKα2 activity (representing the two catalytic α-subunits of AMPK), and AMPKγ3 activity (representing AMPK complexes that include the skeletal muscle-selective regulatory γ3 subunit) using enzymatic assays; 3) phosphorylation of multiple protein substrates that are linked to CR-related effects (acetyl CoA carboxylase, ACC, that regulates lipid oxidation; Beclin-1 and ULK1 that are autophagy regulatory proteins; Raptor, mTORC1 complex protein that regulates autophagy; TBC1D1 and TBC1D4 that regulate glucose uptake) by immunoblot; and 4) ATP and AMP concentrations (key AMPK regulators) by mass spectrometry...

Disruption of circadian rhythms is related to disorders of glucose metabolism, and the molecular clock also exists in skeletal muscle. The ChIP-derived repressor of network oscillator (Chrono) and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) are core circadian components. Chrono is considered to be the repressor of Bmal1, and the Chrono-Bmal1 pathway is important in regulating the circadian rhythm; it has been speculated that this pathway could be a new mechanism for regulating glucose metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chrono on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and exercise capacity by using mice with skeletal-muscle-specific overexpression of Chrono (Chrono TG) and wild-type (WT) mice as the animal models...

The health benefits of probiotics have been known for decades, but there has only been limited use of probiotics in the treatment of obesity. In this study, we describe, for the first time, the role of cell-free metabolites (CM) from Bacillus ginsengihumi -RO6 (CMRO6) in adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. The experimental results show that CMRO6 treatment effectively reduced lipid droplet accumulation and the expression of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α and β (C/EBPα and C/EBPβ), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), serum regulatory binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), phosphorylated p38MAPK, and Erk44/42...