keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536475/-drosophila-fog-cta-and-t48-pathways-have-overlapping-and-distinct-contributions-to-mesoderm-invagination
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Uzuki Horo, D Nathaniel Clarke, Adam C Martin
The regulation of the cytoskeleton by multiple signaling pathways, sometimes in parallel, is a common principle of morphogenesis. A classic example of regulation by parallel pathways is Drosophila gastrulation, where the inputs from the Folded gastrulation (Fog)/Concertina (Cta) and the T48 pathways induce apical constriction and mesoderm invagination. Whether there are distinct roles for these separate pathways in regulating the complex spatial and temporal patterns of cytoskeletal activity that accompany early embryo development is still poorly understood...
March 27, 2024: Molecular Biology of the Cell
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525127/live-imaging-basement-membrane-assembly-under-the-pupal-notum-epithelium
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas M Mehaffey, Chloe A Hecht, James S White, M Shane Hutson, Andrea Page-McCaw
Basement membranes are sheet-like extracellular matrices containing Collagen IV, and they are conserved across the animal kingdom. Basement membranes usually line the basal surfaces of epithelia, where they contribute to structure, maintenance, and signaling. Although adult epithelia contact basement membranes, in early embryos the epithelia contact basement membranes only after basement membranes are assembled in embryogenesis. In Drosophila , the pupal notum epithelium is a useful model for live imaging epithelial cell behaviors, yet it is unclear when the basement membrane assembles in the pupa, as pupae are undergoing metamorphosis, similar to embryogenesis...
2024: microPublication. Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521929/transcription-factor-expression-landscape-in-drosophila-embryonic-cell-lines
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert A Drewell, Daniel Klonaros, Jacqueline M Dresch
BACKGROUND: Transcription factor (TF) proteins are a key component of the gene regulatory networks that control cellular fates and function. TFs bind DNA regulatory elements in a sequence-specific manner and modulate target gene expression through combinatorial interactions with each other, cofactors, and chromatin-modifying proteins. Large-scale studies over the last two decades have helped shed light on the complex network of TFs that regulate development in Drosophila melanogaster...
March 23, 2024: BMC Genomics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496576/mitotic-waves-in-frog-egg-extracts-transition-from-phase-waves-to-trigger-waves
#4
Owen Puls, Daniel Ruiz-Reynés, Franco Tavella, Minjun Jin, Yeonghoon Kim, Lendert Gelens, Qiong Yang
Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity rises and falls throughout the cell cycle, a cell-autonomous process known as mitotic oscillations. These oscillators can synchronize when spatially coupled, providing a crucial foundation for rapid synchronous divisions in large early embryos like Drosophila ( ∼ 0.5 mm) and Xenopus ( ∼ 1.2 mm). While diffusion alone cannot achieve such long-range coordination, recent studies have proposed two types of mitotic waves, phase and trigger waves, to explain the phenomena...
March 7, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483976/a-fatty-acid-anabolic-pathway-in-specialized-cells-sustains-a-remote-signal-that-controls-egg-activation-in-drosophila
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mickael Poidevin, Nicolas Mazuras, Gwénaëlle Bontonou, Pierre Delamotte, Béatrice Denis, Maëlle Devilliers, Perla Akiki, Delphine Petit, Laura de Luca, Priscilla Soulie, Cynthia Gillet, Claude Wicker-Thomas, Jacques Montagne
Egg activation, representing the critical oocyte-to-embryo transition, provokes meiosis completion, modification of the vitelline membrane to prevent polyspermy, and translation of maternally provided mRNAs. This transition is triggered by a calcium signal induced by spermatozoon fertilization in most animal species, but not in insects. In Drosophila melanogaster, mature oocytes remain arrested at metaphase-I of meiosis and the calcium-dependent activation occurs while the oocyte moves through the genital tract...
March 14, 2024: PLoS Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482945/the-complex-landscape-of-structural-divergence-between-the-drosophila-pseudoobscura-and-d-persimilis-genomes
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Javier Carpinteyro-Ponce, Carlos A Machado
Structural genomic variants are key drivers of phenotypic evolution. They can span hundreds to millions of base pairs and can thus affect large numbers of genetic elements. Although structural variation is quite common within and between species, its characterization depends upon the quality of genome assemblies and the proportion of repetitive elements. Using new high-quality genome assemblies, we report a complex and previously hidden landscape of structural divergence between the genomes of Drosophila persimilis and D...
March 14, 2024: Genome Biology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469341/conservation-of-shibire-and-rpii215-temperature-sensitive-lethal-mutations-between-drosophila-and-bactrocera-tryoni
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thu N M Nguyen, Amanda Choo, Simon W Baxter
The sterile insect technique can suppress and eliminate population outbreaks of the Australian horticultural pest, Bactrocera tryoni , the Queensland fruit fly. Sterile males mate with wild females that produce inviable embryos, causing population suppression or elimination. Current sterile insect releases are mixed sex, as the efficient removal of unrequired factory-reared females is not yet possible. In this paper, we assessed the known Drosophila melanogaster temperature-sensitive embryonic lethal alleles shibire (G268D, shits1 ) and RNA polymerase II 215 (R977C, RpII215ts ) for potential use in developing B...
2024: Front Insect Sci
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467791/enhancer-promoter-interactions-become-more-instructive-in-the-transition-from-cell-fate-specification-to-tissue-differentiation
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tim Pollex, Adam Rabinowitz, Maria Cristina Gambetta, Raquel Marco-Ferreres, Rebecca R Viales, Aleksander Jankowski, Christoph Schaub, Eileen E M Furlong
To regulate expression, enhancers must come in proximity to their target gene. However, the relationship between the timing of enhancer-promoter (E-P) proximity and activity remains unclear, with examples of uncoupled, anticorrelated and correlated interactions. To assess this, we selected 600 characterized enhancers or promoters with tissue-specific activity in Drosophila embryos and performed Capture-C in FACS-purified myogenic or neurogenic cells during specification and tissue differentiation. This enabled direct comparison between E-P proximity and activity transitioning from OFF-to-ON and ON-to-OFF states across developmental conditions...
March 11, 2024: Nature Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38448482/a-single-cell-atlas-of-drosophila-trachea-reveals-glycosylation-mediated-notch-signaling-in-cell-fate-specification
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yue Li, Tianfeng Lu, Pengzhen Dong, Jian Chen, Qiang Zhao, Yuying Wang, Tianheng Xiao, Honggang Wu, Quanyi Zhao, Hai Huang
The Drosophila tracheal system is a favorable model for investigating the program of tubular morphogenesis. This system is established in the embryo by post-mitotic cells, but also undergoes remodeling by adult stem cells. Here, we provide a comprehensive cell atlas of Drosophila trachea using the single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique. The atlas documents transcriptional profiles of tracheoblasts within the Drosophila airway, delineating 9 major subtypes. Further evidence gained from in silico as well as genetic investigations highlight a set of transcription factors characterized by their capacity to switch cell fate...
March 6, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38426416/the-positioning-mechanics-of-microtubule-asters-in-drosophila-embryo-explants
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jorge de-Carvalho, Sham Tlili, Timothy E Saunders, Ivo A Telley
Microtubule asters are essential in localizing the action of microtubules in processes including mitosis and organelle positioning. In large cells, such as the one-cell sea urchin embryo, aster dynamics are dominated by hydrodynamic pulling forces. However, in systems with more densely positioned nuclei such as the early Drosophila embryo, which packs around 6000 nuclei within the syncytium in a crystalline-like order, it is unclear what processes dominate aster dynamics. Here, we take advantage of a cell cycle regulation Drosophila mutant to generate embryos with multiple asters, independent from nuclei...
March 1, 2024: ELife
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38405955/signatures-of-structural-disorder-in-developing-epithelial-tissues
#11
Christian Cupo, Cole Allan, Vikram Ailiani, Karen E Kasza
Epithelial cells generate functional tissues in developing embryos through collective movements and shape changes. In some morphogenetic events, a tissue dramatically reorganizes its internal structure - often generating high degrees of structural disorder - to accomplish changes in tissue shape. However, the origins of structural disorder in epithelia and what roles it might play in morphogenesis are poorly understood. We study this question in the Drosophila germband epithelium, which undergoes dramatic changes in internal structure as cell rearrangements drive elongation of the embryo body axis...
February 14, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38403249/a-vertebrate-vangl2-translational-variant-required-for-planar-cell-polarity
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra Walton, Virginie Thomé, Diego Revinski, Sylvie Marchetto, Tania M Puvirajesinghe, Stéphane Audebert, Luc Camoin, Eric Bailly, Laurent Kodjabachian, Jean-Paul Borg
First described in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus Fasciatus, planar cell polarity (PCP) is a developmental process essential for embryogenesis and development of polarized structures in Metazoans. This signaling pathway involves a set of evolutionarily conserved genes encoding transmembrane (Vangl, Frizzled, Celsr) and cytoplasmic (Prickle, Dishevelled) molecules. Vangl2 is of major importance in embryonic development as illustrated by its pivotal role during neural tube closure in human, mouse, Xenopus and zebrafish embryos...
February 23, 2024: Journal of Biological Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38395337/dioclea-violacea-lectin-inhibits-tumorigenesis-and-tumor-angiogenesis-in-vivo
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Abel Vieira de Melo Bisneto, Amanda Silva Fernandes, Lívia do Carmo Silva, Luana Santos Silva, Diego Pereira de Araújo, Ivan Cerqueira Dos Santos, Marcella da Rocha Melo, Romério Rodrigues Dos Santos Silva, Leonardo Pereira Franchi, Clever Gomes Cardoso, Elisangela de Paula Silveira-Lacerda, Cristiene Costa Carneiro, Claudener Souza Teixeira, Lee Chen-Chen
Dioclea violacea seed mannose-binding lectin (DvL) has attracted considerable attention because of its interesting biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the cytotoxic effect of DvL on tumor and normal cells using the mitochondrial activity reduction (MTT) assay, the carcinogenic and anti-carcinogenic activity by the epithelial tumor test (ETT) in Drosophila melanogaster, and the anti-angiogenic effect by the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay...
February 21, 2024: Biochimie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388656/jak-stat-dependent-contact-between-follicle-cells-and-the-oocyte-controls-drosophila-anterior-posterior-polarity-and-germline-development
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Charlotte Mallart, Sophie Netter, Fabienne Chalvet, Sandra Claret, Antoine Guichet, Jacques Montagne, Anne-Marie Pret, Marianne Malartre
The number of embryonic primordial germ cells in Drosophila is determined by the quantity of germ plasm, whose assembly starts in the posterior region of the oocyte during oogenesis. Here, we report that extending JAK-STAT activity in the posterior somatic follicular epithelium leads to an excess of primordial germ cells in the future embryo. We show that JAK-STAT signaling is necessary for the differentiation of approximately 20 specialized follicle cells maintaining tight contact with the oocyte. These cells define, in the underlying posterior oocyte cortex, the anchoring of the germ cell determinant oskar mRNA...
February 22, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38381741/tet-dependent-5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine-modification-of-mrna-regulates-axon-guidance-genes-in-drosophila
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Badri Nath Singh, Hiep Tran, Joseph Kramer, Elmira Kirichenko, Neha Changela, Fei Wang, Yaping Feng, Dibyendu Kumar, Min Tu, Jie Lan, Martin Bizet, François Fuks, Ruth Steward
Modifications of mRNA, especially methylation of adenosine, have recently drawn much attention. The much rarer modification, 5-hydroxymethylation of cytosine (5hmC), is not well understood and is the subject of this study. Vertebrate Tet proteins are 5-methylcytosine (5mC) hydroxylases and catalyze the transition of 5mC to 5hmC in DNA. These enzymes have recently been shown to have the same function in messenger RNAs in both vertebrates and in Drosophila. The Tet gene is essential in Drosophila as Tet knock-out animals do not reach adulthood...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38373262/high-throughput-genetic-manipulation-of-multi-cellular-organisms-using-a-machine-vision-guided-embryonic-microinjection-robot
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew D Alegria, Amey S Joshi, Jorge Blanco Mendana, Kanav Khosla, Kieran T Smith, Benjamin Auch, Margaret Donovan, John Bischof, Daryl M Gohl, Suhasa B Kodandaramaiah
Microinjection is a technique used for transgenesis, mutagenesis, cell labeling, cryopreservation, and in vitro fertilization in multiple single and multicellular organisms. Microinjection requires specialized skills and involves rate limiting and labor-intensive preparatory steps. Here we constructed a machine vision guided generalized robot that fully automates the process of microinjection in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. The robot uses machine learning models trained to detect embryos in images of agar plates and identify specific anatomical locations within each embryo in 3D space using dual view microscopes...
February 19, 2024: Genetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38368410/regulation-of-long-range-bmp-gradients-and-embryonic-polarity-by-propagation-of-local-calcium-firing-activity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyung Chul Lee, Nidia M M Oliveira, Cato Hastings, Peter Baillie-Benson, Adam A Moverley, Hui-Chun Lu, Yi Zheng, Elise L Wilby, Timothy T Weil, Karen M Page, Jianping Fu, Naomi Moris, Claudio D Stern
Many amniote vertebrate species including humans can form identical twins from a single embryo, but this only occurs rarely. It has been suggested that the primitive-streak-forming embryonic region emits signals that inhibit streak formation elsewhere but the signals involved, how they are transmitted and how they act has not been elucidated. Here we show that short tracks of calcium firing activity propagate through extraembryonic tissue via gap junctions and prevent ectopic primitive streak formation in chick embryos...
February 17, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38355029/chronic-exposure-to-2-2-azobis-2-amidinopropane-that-induces-intestinal-damage-and-oxidative-stress-in-larvae-of-drosophila-melanogaster
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rener Mateus Francisco Duarte, Serena Mares Malta, Fernanda Naves Araújo do Prado Mascarenhas, Vinicius Prado Bittar, Ana Luiza Borges, Renata Roland Teixeira, Renata Graciele Zanon, Carlos Ueira Vieira, Foued Salmen Espindola
Embryonic development is exceptionally susceptible to pathogenic, chemistry and mechanical stressors as they can disrupt homeostasis, causing damage and impacted viability. Oxidative stress has the capacity to induce alterations and reshape the environment. However, the specific impacts of these oxidative stress-induced damages in the gastrointestinal tract of Drosophila melanogaster larvae have been minimally explored. This study used 2,2-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), a free radical generator, to investigate oxidative stress effects on Drosophila embryo development...
February 12, 2024: Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38346989/real-time-study-of-spatio-temporal-dynamics-4d-of-physiological-activities-in-alive-biological-specimens-with-different-fovs-and-resolutions-simultaneously
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aiswarya K S, Sohela Sarkar, Smitha Vishnu, Rinsa S R, Simran Negi, Nikhil Dev Narendradev, Rishica Harish Arora, Sreelakshmi Sanam, Anu P V, Rahul Sharma, Satish Khurana, Jishy Varghese, Srinivasa Murty Srinivasula, Mayanglambam Suheshkumar Singh
This article reports the development of a microscopy imaging system that gives feasibility for studying spatio-temporal dynamics of physiological activities of alive biological specimens (over entire volume not only for a particular section, i.e., in 4D). The imaging technology facilitates to obtain two image frames of a section of the larger specimen ([Formula: see text]) with different FOVs at different resolutions or magnifications simultaneously in real-time (in addition to recovery of 3D (volume) information)...
February 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38345326/long-range-formation-of-the-bicoid-gradient-requires-multiple-dynamic-modes-that-spatially-vary-across-the-embryo
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thamarailingam Athilingam, Ashwin V S Nelanuthala, Catriona Breen, Narain Karedla, Marco Fritzsche, Thorsten Wohland, Timothy E Saunders
Morphogen gradients provide essential positional information to gene networks through their spatially heterogeneous distribution, yet how they form is still hotly contested, with multiple models proposed for different systems. Here, we focus on the transcription factor Bicoid (Bcd), a morphogen that forms an exponential gradient across the anterior-posterior (AP) axis of the early Drosophila embryo. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy we find there are spatial differences in Bcd diffusivity along the AP axis, with Bcd diffusing more rapidly in the posterior...
February 1, 2024: Development
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