keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492744/pd-1-regulates-ilc3-driven-intestinal-immunity-and-homeostasis
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Jacquelot, Le Xiong, Wang H J Cao, Qiutong Huang, Huiyang Yu, Azin Sayad, Casey J A Anttila, Tracey M Baldwin, Peter F Hickey, Daniela Amann-Zalcenstein, Pamela S Ohashi, Stephen L Nutt, Gabrielle T Belz, Cyril Seillet
Interleukin-(IL) 22 production by intestinal group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) is critical to maintain gut homeostasis. However, IL-22 needs to be tightly controlled; reduced IL-22 expression is associated with intestinal epithelial barrier defect while its overexpression promotes tumor development. Here, using a single cell RNAseq approach, we identified a core set of genes associated with increased IL-22 production by ILC3. Among these genes, Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), extensively studied in the context of cancer and chronic infection, was constitutively expressed on a subset of ILC3...
March 14, 2024: Mucosal Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485558/enterocolitis-and-other-immunotherapy-and-targeted-therapy-related-gastrointestinal-manifestations-a-review-for-gastroenterologist
#2
REVIEW
O Gómez Escudero
New oncologic treatments, particularly immunotherapy (IT), have revolutionized the treatment of advanced-stage malignant tumors. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the main form of IT and act by increasing T cell activity and the organism's immune response against neoplastic cells. Targeted therapy is another form of IT that acts by inhibiting oncogenes or inflammation signaling and tumor angiogenesis pathways. However, these mechanisms of tumor destruction can interfere with the host's immune self-tolerance or with the mechanisms of epithelial tissue repair and predispose to immune system-mediated adverse events that can affect multiple organs, including the digestive tract...
March 13, 2024: Revista de Gastroenterología de México
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485099/probiotic-consortia-protect-the-intestine-against-radiation-injury-by-improving-intestinal-epithelial-homeostasis
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Li-Wei Xie, Hai-Yan Lu, Lin-Feng Tang, Feng-Ling Tang, Rui-Qiu Zhu, Di-Fan Wang, Shang Cai Md, Ye Tian, Ming Li
PURPOSE: Radiation-induced intestinal injuries (RIII) commonly occur during abdomin-pelvic cancer radiotherapy; however, no effective prophylactic or therapeutic agents are available to manage RIII currently. This study aimed to clarify the potential of probiotic consortium supplementation in alleviating RIII. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were orally administered a probiotic mixture comprising Bifidobacterium longum BL21, Lactobacillus paracasei LC86, and Lactobacillus plantarum Lp90 for 30 days before exposure to 13 Gy of whole abdominal irradiation (WAI)...
March 12, 2024: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483254/ovarian-cancer-is-detectable-from-peripheral-blood-using-machine-learning-over-t-cell-receptor-repertoires
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miriam Zuckerbrot-Schuldenfrei, Sarit Aviel-Ronen, Alona Zilberberg, Sol Efroni
The extraordinary diversity of T cells and B cells is critical for body maintenance. This diversity has an important role in protecting against tumor formation. In humans, the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is generated through a striking stochastic process called V(D)J recombination, in which different gene segments are assembled and modified, leading to extensive variety. In ovarian cancer (OC), an unfortunate 80% of cases are detected late, leading to poor survival outcomes. However, when detected early, approximately 94% of patients live longer than 5 years after diagnosis...
January 22, 2024: Briefings in Bioinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483129/gastric-metastasis-from-breast-cancer-five-cases-and-a-single-institutional-review
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Meng Cheng, Zhanli Jia, Guoyu Zhang, Yingnan Wang, Sainan Li, Shan Yang, Chunxiao Li, Cuizhi Geng
Gastric metastasis from breast cancer has a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. Data of patients who had gastric metastasis from breast cancer were retrieved from our hospital between 2014 and 2020. The gastric metastasis from breast cancer incidence was 0.04% (5/14,169 cases of breast cancer). Four patients had invasive lobular carcinoma, and the other patient had invasive ductal carcinoma. The time from the initial diagnosis of breast cancer to the appearance of gastric metastasis ranged from 0 to 12 years...
March 2024: Journal of International Medical Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481926/evaluation-of-antioxidant-anti-inflammatory-and-antimicrobial-activities-of-raspberry-fruit-extract-an-in-vitro-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R Gomathi, T N Umamaheswari, Roland Prethipa
Introduction Rubus idaeus (R. idaeus) is an edible fruit that contains numerous significant bioactive compounds that hold important biological properties and are categorized as nutraceuticals owing to the health benefits it imparts including decreasing the risk of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus, cancer, heart disease, and many other diseases. The objective of the present research was to explore the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics of the aqueous raspberry extract through in vitro assays...
February 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481661/anti-cancer-management-of-head-and-neck-cancers-and-oral-microbiome-what-can-we-clinically-obtain
#7
REVIEW
Jakub Makarewicz, Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka, Bartosz Kamil Sobocki, Iwona T Dobrucki, Leszek Kalinowski, Ewa Stachowska
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) exhibits significant genetic heterogeneity and primarily concerns the oral cavity and oropharynx. These cancers occur more frequently in men with a 5-year survival rate below 50%. Major risk factors include human papilloma virus (HPV) (notably type 16), Epstein-Barr virus, tobacco, alcohol, and poor oral hygiene with approximately 4.5% of global cancers linked to HPV. Notably, differences in the microbiome between healthy individuals and patients with head and neck cancers (HNCs) have been identified...
2024: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479623/endoscopic-submucosal-dissection-for-early-esophageal-adenocarcinoma-low-rates-of-metastases-in-mucosal-cancers-with-poor-differentiation
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andreas Probst, Felix Kappler, Alanna Ebigbo, David Albers, Siegbert Faiss, Ingo Steinbrück, Andreas Wannhoff, Hans-Peter Allgaier, Ulrike Denzer, Viktor Rempel, Roland Reinehr, Dani Dakkak, Matthias Mende, Jürgen Pohl, Tina Schaller, Bruno Märkl, Anna Muzalyova, Carola Fleischmann, Helmut Messmann
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic resection (ER) is accepted as standard treatment for intramucosal esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) with well or moderate differentiation. Poor differentiation (PD) is judged as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (LNM) and surgery is recommended. However, the evidence for this recommendation is weak. Study aim was to analyze the clinical course of patients after ER of EAC with PD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection for EAC were included from 16 German centers...
March 11, 2024: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478923/efficacy-safety-and-tolerability-of-tivozanib-in-heavily-pretreated-patients-with-advanced-clear-cell-renal-cell-carcinoma
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew C Johns, Matthew T Campbell, Mamie Gao, Andrew W Hahn, Zita Lim, Emily Wang, Jianjun Gao, Amishi Y Shah, Pavlos Msaouel, Nizar M Tannir
BACKGROUND: Tivozanib has been approved as a third-line or later therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma based on the TIVO-3 trial, which was conducted before immune checkpoint therapies (ICT), cabozantinib, and lenvatinib/everolimus became incorporated in the current sequential treatment paradigm for advanced clear cell RCC (ccRCC). METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients with advanced ccRCC treated with tivozanib at MD Anderson Cancer Center during 6/2021-7/2023...
March 13, 2024: Oncologist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476155/endoscopic-approach-to-duodenal-adenomas-in-familial-adenomatous-polyposis-a-retrospective-cohort
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joana Lemos Garcia, Isadora Rosa, João Pereira da Silva, Pedro Lage, Isabel Claro
INTRODUCTION: Over 90% of the patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) will develop duodenal adenomas. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic excision of large duodenal adenomas in FAP patients. METHODS: All FAP patients from a familial risk clinic submitted to endoscopic therapy for duodenal adenomas ≥10 mm between January 2010 and February 2021 were included. RESULTS: From 151 FAP families, 22 patients (50 lesions) were included: 54...
December 2023: GE Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473395/advanced-diagnostic-and-therapeutic-endoscopy-for-early-gastric-cancer
#11
REVIEW
Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
Endoscopy is mandatory to detect early gastric cancer (EGC). When considering the cost-effectiveness of the endoscopic screening of EGC, risk stratification by combining serum pepsinogen values and anti- H. pylori IgG antibody values is very promising. After the detection of suspicious lesions of EGC, a detailed observation using magnifying endoscopy with band-limited light is necessary, which reveals an irregular microsurface and/or an irregular microvascular pattern with demarcation lines in the case of cancerous lesions...
March 3, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473311/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-as-biomarker-predictors-of-oral-mucositis-severity-in-head-and-neck-cancer-patients-submitted-to-combined-radiation-therapy-and-chemotherapy-a-systematic-review
#12
REVIEW
Ronaldo Cavalieri, Harley Francisco de Oliveira, Thais Louvain de Souza, Milton Masahiko Kanashiro
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common type of genetic variation found in an individual's DNA sequences. SNPs can occur in both coding and non-coding regions of the genome and can affect gene expression, protein function, and disease susceptibility. In this systematic review, we evaluate the potential of SNPs as biomarkers in the assessment of oral mucositis (OM) severity in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated with concomitant chemoradiation (CRT). The study selection process involved screening 66 articles from different platforms, and after removing duplicates and excluding articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria, 23 articles were included for full-text evaluation...
February 27, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473037/hangeshashinto-associated-mesenteric-phlebosclerosis-and-highly-atypical-adenoma-requiring-laparoscopic-right-hemicolectomy
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ryo Nishiwaki, Yasuhiro Inoue, Masataka Sugao, Natsuko Sugimasa, Tetsuya Hamaguchi, Midori Noji, Kenji Takeuchi, Yoshiyuki Ito, Toshio Kato, Taro Yasuma, Corina N D'Alessandoro-Gabazza, Esteban C Gabazza, Ichiro Imoto
Mesenteric phlebosclerosis is a rare ischemic colonic disorder caused by impaired venous drainage. Its prevalence is higher in East Asia, where herbal medicine is widely used. Treatment remains controversial. A 76-year-old woman who had taken Hangeshashinto, an herbal medicine, for 11 years was admitted for endoscopic treatment of high-grade dysplasia in the ascending colon. She had diarrhea and mesenteric phlebosclerosis diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography at age 71. At age 75, small polyps were detected in the ascending colon...
March 6, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473010/feasibility-and-efficacy-of-gastric-underwater-endoscopic-mucosal-resection
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dong Hyun Kim, Seon Young Park, Jin Won Kim, Hyun Soo Kim
Gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, necessitates effective and early detection and treatment strategies. Endoscopic resection techniques, particularly endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), have evolved significantly, enhancing the treatment of gastric neoplasms. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) is a widely used technique for the resection of duodenal and colorectal neoplasms. However, the feasibility and efficacy of UEMR in the stomach are not well established...
March 3, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471213/poorly-differentiated-adenocarcinoma-of-the-jejunum-in-a-patient-with-peutz-jeghers-syndrome-a-case-report
#15
Fufa Miresa, Badhaasaa Beyene, Munewor Abdulhadi, Abdulaziz Mohamud, Anteneh Belachew
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Despite being the longest and containing a greater proportion of the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal surface area, the small bowel is where <2 % to 5 % of gastrointestinal cancers can occur. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is the rarest risk factor for the development of small intestinal cancers. Here we report a case of perforated poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the jejunum for which Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is identified. CASE PRESENTATION: A 25-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with generalized peritonitis caused by a perforated jejunal mass...
March 11, 2024: International Journal of Surgery Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469245/phase-iv-study-on-the-use-of-benzydamine-mouthwash-in-radiation-induced-oral-mucositis-in-patients-with-head-and-neck-cancer
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paolo Bossi, Valeria Tellone, Giorgio Di Loreto, Sara Fioravanti, Enrica Salvatori, Alessandro Comandini
INTRODUCTION: Oral mucositis (OM) is a main side effect of treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC) and causes severe pain, reduces quality of life, and may interrupt HNC treatment. This study assessed the activity and feasibility of benzydamine mouthwash in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced OM in patients with HNC during radiation therapy (RT). METHODS: This phase IV, international, open-label, single-group study conducted from December 2021 to September 2022...
2024: Frontiers in Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467943/single-nucleotide-polymorphisms-conferring-susceptibility-to-leukemia-and-oral-mucositis-a-multi-center-pilot-study-of-patients-prior-to-conditioning-therapy-for-hematopoietic-cell-transplant
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-Luc C Mougeot, Micaela F Beckman, Adam S Alexander, Allan J Hovan, Bengt Hasséus, Karin Garming Legert, Jan-Erik Johansson, Inger von Bültzingslöwen, Michael T Brennan, Farah Bahrani Mougeot
PURPOSE: Leukemias have been associated with oral manifestations, reflecting susceptibility to cancer therapy-induced oral mucositis. We sought to identify SNPs associated with both leukemia and oral mucositis (OM). METHODS: Whole exome sequencing was performed on leukemia and non-cancer blood disorder (ncBD) patients' saliva samples (N = 50) prior to conditioning therapy. WHO OM grading scores were determined: moderate to severe (OM2-4) vs. none to mild (OM0-1)...
March 11, 2024: Supportive Care in Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467885/group-3-innate-lymphoid-cells-in-intestinal-health-and-disease
#18
REVIEW
Veronika Horn, Gregory F Sonnenberg
The gastrointestinal tract is an immunologically rich organ, containing complex cell networks and dense lymphoid structures that safeguard this large absorptive barrier from pathogens, contribute to tissue physiology and support mucosal healing. Simultaneously, the immune system must remain tolerant to innocuous dietary antigens and trillions of normally beneficial microorganisms colonizing the intestine. Indeed, a dysfunctional immune response in the intestine underlies the pathogenesis of numerous local and systemic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, food allergy, chronic enteric infections or cancers...
March 11, 2024: Nature Reviews. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467827/rna-expression-of-6-genes-from-metastatic-mucosal-gastric-cancer-serves-as-the-global-prognostic-marker-for-gastric-cancer-with-functional-validation
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yun-Suhk Suh, Jieun Lee, Joshy George, Donghyeok Seol, Kyoungyun Jeong, Seung-Young Oh, Chanmi Bang, Yukyung Jun, Seong-Ho Kong, Hyuk-Joon Lee, Jong-Il Kim, Woo Ho Kim, Han-Kwang Yang, Charles Lee
BACKGROUND: Molecular analysis of advanced tumors can increase tumor heterogeneity and selection bias. We developed a robust prognostic signature for gastric cancer by comparing RNA expression between very rare early gastric cancers invading only mucosal layer (mEGCs) with lymph node metastasis (Npos) and those without metastasis (Nneg). METHODS: Out of 1003 mEGCs, all Npos were matched to Nneg using propensity scores. Machine learning approach comparing Npos and Nneg was used to develop prognostic signature...
March 11, 2024: British Journal of Cancer
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38465067/venous-congestive-ischemic-colitis-after-sigmoid-colectomy-a-case-report
#20
Naoki Ishimaru, Takashi Tagami, Kohei Takayasu
Venous congestion is a possible cause of ischemic colitis following colorectal surgery. As such, congestive ischemic colitis should be considered in such cases where the mesenteric artery is preserved. Herein, we describe the case of a 73-year-old man who presented to the hospital with a two-week history of difficult defecation and frequent mucous stools and was subsequently diagnosed with refractory ischemic enterocolitis due to venous congestion. The patient had undergone resection of the sigmoid colon cancer with preservation of the inferior mesenteric artery 11 months before presentation...
February 2024: Curēus
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