Bronchial obstruction

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) induced by smoking poses a significant global health challenge. Recent findings highlight the crucial role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating miRNA regulatory networks across various diseases. This study utilizes the GEO database to uncover distinct expression patterns of miRNAs and mRNAs, offering a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of smoking-induced COPD. This study aims to investigate the mechanisms by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate the molecular network of miR-422a-SPP1 to delay the onset of COPD caused by smoking...

The human respiratory system is susceptible to a variety of diseases, ranging from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Today, lung diseases represent one of the major challenges to the health care sector and represent one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Current treatment options often focus on managing symptoms rather than addressing the underlying cause of the disease. The limitations of conventional therapies highlight the urgent clinical need for innovative solutions capable of repairing damaged lung tissue at a fundamental level...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most frequent inherited diseases in the world. Over the last decades, in high-income countries, an important decrease in mortality have been observed due to the improvement of care. However, children with SCD can become critically ill and require admission in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU). The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of children with SCD admitted to PICU for acute crisis and to identify factors associated with adverse outcome (AO)...

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options for steroid-resistant non-type 2 inflammation in obstructive lung diseases are limited. Bronchial epithelial cells are key in the pathogenesis by releasing the central proinflammatory cytokine interleukine-8 (IL-8). Olfactory receptors (ORs) are expressed in various cell types. This study examined the drug target potential of ORs by investigating their impact on associated pathophysiological processes in lung epithelial cells. METHODS: Experiments were performed in the A549 cell line and in primary human bronchial epithelial cells...

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a globally prevalent respiratory disease, and programmed cell death plays a pivotal role in the development of COPD. Disulfidptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death that may be associated with the progression of COPD. However, the expression and role of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in COPD remain unclear. METHODS: The expression of DRGs was identified by analyzing RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data in COPD...

This study focuses on a 56-year-old male laborer who presented to the respiratory department with grade III dyspnea persisting for 20 days, aggravated in the mornings, accompanied by chest pain over the last two days. The patient reported a productive cough producing yellowish sputum for 15 days and an ongoing fever during this period. With a two-year medical history of seasonal bronchial asthma, the patient had been using an inhaler three times daily for the past month. Additionally, a 20-year history of smoking, averaging five cigarettes per day, was disclosed...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of iron deficiency in patients with COPD varies in previous studies. We aimed to assess its prevalence according to three well-known criteria for iron deficiency, its associations with clinical characteristics of COPD and mortality. METHODS: In a cohort study consisting of 84 COPD patients, of which 21 had chronic respiratory failure, and 59 non-COPD controls, ferritin, TSat and mortality across 6.5 years were assessed. Associations between clinical characteristics and iron deficiency were examined by logistic regression, while associations with mortality were assessed in mixed effects Cox regression analyses...

INTRODUCTION: Reunion Island is a French overseas department in the South West Indian Ocean with a unique multi-ethnic population. Cardiovascular diseases are the most common chronic conditions with higher prevalences of hypertension and diabetes compared to mainland France. Moreover, Reunion Island is particularly exposed to vector-borne diseases such as chikungunya and dengue. Our objective is to describe the prevalence of cardiometabolic and infectious diseases in Reunion Island and explore causal mechanisms linking these diseases...

Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly which can be isolated or co-exist with other developmental defects. Boyden et al has described three degrees of mal development of lung which include agenesis, hypoplasia and aplasia. Almost all the reported cases are in paediatric age group patients while, adults with pulmonary developmental abnormalities are sparsely documented in the literature. Interestingly, adult with coexisting hemifacial anomaly and pulmonary agenesis has not been reported in the medical literature...

BACKGROUND: Novel biomarkers (BMs) are urgently needed for bronchial asthma (BA) with various phenotypes and endotypes. OBJECTIVE: We sought to identify novel BMs reflecting tissue pathology from serum extracellular vesicles (EVs). METHODS: We performed data-independent acquisition of serum EVs from 4 healthy controls, 4 noneosinophilic asthma (NEA) patients, and 4 eosinophilic asthma (EA) patients to identify novel BMs for BA. We confirmed EA-specific BMs via data-independent acquisition validation in 61 BA patients and 23 controls...

Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute and chronic pulmonary inflammatory conditions. Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of the anti-inflammatory effects of CHF6297, a novel potent and selective p38α inhibitor designed for inhalation delivery as a dry powder formulation. CHF6297 has been proven to inhibit p38α enzymatic activity with sub-nanomolar potency (IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.06 nM), with >1,000-fold selectivity against p38γ and p38δ...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing year by year. Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) plays an important role in inflammatory diseases. However, the regulatory role of KLF6 in COPD has not been reported so far. METHODS: The viability of human bronchial epithelial cells BEAS-2B induced by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was detected by CCK-8 assay. The protein expression of KLF6 and sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) was appraised with Western blot...

Notch signaling is involved in the prevention of cell differentiation and cell fate in various organs, including the lungs. We aimed to determine the transcriptomic and protein expression of Notch receptors, their ligands, and related transcription factors in stable COPD. The expression and localization of Notch receptors, their ligands, and related transcription factors were measured in bronchial biopsies of individuals with stable mild/moderate (MCOPD) (n = 18) or severe/very severe (SCOPD) (n = 16) COPD, control smokers (CSs) (n = 13), and control nonsmokers (CNSs) (n = 11), and in the lung parenchyma of those with MCOPD (n = 13), CSs (n = 10), and CNSs (n = 10) using immunohistochemistry, ELISA tests, and transcriptome analyses...

Background and Objectives : Advanced lung cancer is usually manifested by endoluminal tumor propagation, resulting in central airway obstruction. The objective of this study is to compare the high dose rate brachytherapy treatment outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) depending on the treatment planning pattern-two-dimension (2D) or three-dimension (3D) treatment planning. Materials and Methods : The study was retrospective and two groups of patients were compared in it (a group of 101 patients who underwent 2D planned high-dose-rate endobronchial brachytherapy (HDR-EBBT) in 2017/18 and a group of 83 patients who underwent 3D planned HDR-EBBT between January 2021 and June 2023)...

INTRODUCTION: Unilateral congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is caused by a complete obstruction of a mainstem bronchus with resulting hyperinflation and accelerated growth of one lung, severe mediastinal shift and hydrops. Spontaneous perforation of the atresia has been observed in CHAOS which allows hydrops to resolve but hyperinflation, mediastinal shift and a critical airway obstruction persists as the perforation is usually pinhole-sized. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of unilateral CHAOS presenting at 26 2/7 weeks' with observed-to-expected total lung volume (O/E TLV) of 203% with spontaneous perforation occurring at 28 weeks' with resolution of hydrops but persistence of hyperinflation and mediastinal shift with an O/E TLV of 60...

BACKGROUND: The criteria for significant bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) were published in 2005 by the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society, which were revised in 2021, however, data on the agreement between these two recommendations in untreated patients with airflow limitation are missing. AIMS: We aimed to study BDR to salbutamol (SABA) or ipratropium bromide (SAMA) in patients with suspected bronchial asthma or COPD at initial clinical presentation using the 2005 and 2021 criteria and explore clinical factors associated with BDR+...

PURPOSE: Here, we studied the pharmacological effect of P22077 on airway inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide and cigarette smoke and explored the therapeutic mechanism of P22077 in COPD model RAT. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The COPD model was established by lipopolysaccharide combined with fumigation; animals were treated with vehicle or P22077. Serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were collected for analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that P22077 treatment significantly improved the airway inflammation of COPD model RAT and reduced the recruitment of leukocytes in BALF, and hypersecretion of interleukin-18 (IL-18), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in BALF and serum...

Lung carcinoid tumors are rare neuroendocrine cancers that primarily affect younger individuals and exhibit unique epidemiological characteristics unrelated to smoking or environmental factors. Symptoms may include coughing and wheezing. Bronchoscopic biopsy is the standard for diagnosis, with surgical resection as the gold standard treatment. Recent advances, such as laser resection, offer alternative options. We present a case of a 46-year-old female with bronchial carcinoid successfully treated using bronchoscopic diode laser therapy, highlighting its minimally invasive benefits...

BACKGROUND: Airway obstruction is defined by spirometry as a low forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1 ) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio. This impaired ratio may originate from a low FEV1 (classic) or a normal FEV1 in combination with a large FVC (dysanaptic). The clinical implications of dysanaptic obstruction during childhood and adolescence in the general population remain unclear. AIMS: To investigate the association between airway obstruction with a low or normal FEV1 in childhood and adolescence, and asthma, wheezing and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR)...

This study presents a rare case of plastic bronchitis (PB) in a 57-year-old adult post-lung lobectomy, a condition predominantly found in post-Fontan children. The patient exhibited progressive dyspnea and complete atelectasis on the surgical side, revealing a gray rubbery bronchial cast obstructing the right main bronchus. Treatment involved repeated bronchoscopies, glucocorticoids, acetylcysteine, physiotherapy, and a low-fat diet, leading to gradual improvement. No similar cases have been reported, highlighting PB's diagnostic challenge...