Head trauma

BACKGROUND: Firing guns into the air during celebrations is a tradition that poses significant risks to public safety. These falling bullets, often referred to as tired bullets, can attain high velocities during their descent and have the potential to cause serious injury or death to people and animals, or significant damage to property upon impact. METHODS: This study aimed to retrospectively detect and analyze incidents of celebratory gunfire-related injuries (CGRI) that were admitted to three different hospitals in two cities in Turkey over a 10-year period from 2014 to 2023...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic injuries from blunt abdominal trauma have a high mortality rate, often accompanied by injuries to adjacent organs. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the size of retropancreatic adipose tissue and the severity of pancreatic and adjacent organ injuries in patients with pancreatic trauma. METHODS: We retrospectively screened computed tomography (CT) images of 34 patients (25 males, nine females, aged 13-69 years) and 34 controls (28 males, six females, aged 15-66 years) who suffered blunt abdominal trauma...

AIM: Crying seems to be a common trigger for abusive head trauma (AHT), which is the leading cause of fatalities from physical abuse in infants. Our objective was to evaluate knowledge of AHT, crying infants and correct behavioural measures in a general population. METHODS: An online questionnaire (LimeSurvey) was created to assess the risk of shaking. The online survey contained a total of 41 questions, including a demonstration of a previously recorded video in which an infant doll is shaken...

INTRODUCTION: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the leading cause of death in pregnant women. Although it can be difficult to identify patients experiencing IPV, injuries to the head, neck, or face due to an assault are known to correlate with intentional injury. The objective of this study is to assess the contemporary burden of IPV in pregnancy and describe the patient characteristics. METHODS: The National Inpatient Sample was queried for all pregnant women between January 2016 and December 2019...

BACKGROUND: Posterolateral rotatory instability is produced by disruption of the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC); it is commonly induced by trauma, with few cases reported due to lateral epicondylitis. We examined the amount of posterior transition of the radial head with or without LCLC injury, common extensor tendon (CET) injury, and Baker classification in lateral epicondylitis. METHODS: We retrospectively studied patients with lateral epicondylitis of the humerus who underwent surgery between April 2016 and July 2021...

BACKGROUND: The increase in severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) incidence is a worldwide phenomenon, resulting in a heavy disease burden in the public health systems, specifically in emerging countries. The shock index (SI) is a physiological parameter that indicates cardiovascular status and has been used as a tool to assess the presence and severity of shock, which is increased in sTBI. Considering the high mortality of sTBI, scrutinizing the predictive potential of SI and its variants is vital...

BACKGROUND: Tapia syndrome (TS) is a rare condition characterized by unilateral hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, leading to tongue deviation, swallowing difficulty and dysphonia. CASE REPORT: We describe a case of a 17-year-old boy who reported a bilateral TS following head and neck trauma with Hangman's fracture and right common carotid artery dissection. The confirmation occurred only after complete cognitive and motor recovery, verifying the inability to protrude the tongue and swallow, associated with complete paralysis of the vocal cords, diagnosed with fiber optic laryngoscopy...

BACKGROUND: Primary extranodal marginal zone mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-type B-cell lymphoma (EMZMBCL), which presents as a dural mass, is a rare intracranial tumor that mimics a subdural hematoma or meningioma. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 49-year-old woman presented to our hospital with transient right upper limb paresis, dysarthria for 10 min, and ongoing right upper-limb numbness. Computed tomography (CT) of the head revealed extra-axial lesions in the left frontal and parietal lobes...

BACKGROUND: Penetrating brain injury (PBI) can be caused by a variety of objects ranging from simple to complicated items. Nonetheless, it is strange and unusual to attack someone in the head with a long nail. Due to its rarity, care for them is still being developed and may include many steps. CASE DESCRIPTION: We are presenting a 35-year-old guy who was neurologically intact and hemodynamically stable but complained of headaches following a nail blow into the skull during a domestic altercation by a gang of individuals...

Intramedullary nailing is the gold standard of treatment for atypical femoral fractures, with a few reports of secondary atypical subtrochanteric femoral fractures following intramedullary nailing for atypical diaphyseal femoral fractures. However, there are no reports of secondary atypical diaphyseal femoral fractures following intramedullary nailing for atypical subtrochanteric femoral fractures. A 71-year-old woman with adult-onset Still's disease sustained a right atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture and was treated with a mid-length intramedullary nail...

BACKGROUND: Identification of cortical loci for lower limb movements for stroke rehabilitation is crucial for better rehabilitation outcomes via noninvasive brain stimulation by targeting the fine-grained cortical loci of the movements. However, identification of the cortical loci for lower limb movements using functional MRI (fMRI) is challenging due to head motion and difficulty in isolating different types of movement. Therefore, we developed a custom-made MR-compatible footplate and leg cushion to identify the cortical loci for lower limb movements and conducted multivariate analysis on the fMRI data...

OBJECTIVE: Accurate triage of minor head injuries remains a challenge for mature trauma systems. More than one-third of trauma transfers are overtriaged, and minor head injuries predominate. Overtriage is inefficient, wasteful of resources, and burdensome for families. The authors studied overtriage at the sole level I pediatric trauma center (PTC) in a small state with a view toward improvement of processes. METHODS: Data on transfer patients were extracted from an institutional trauma registry over an 8-year period...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Head computed tomography (CT) is frequently utilized for evaluating trauma-related characteristics, selecting treatment options, and monitoring complications in the early stages. This study assessed the relationship between cranial CT findings and early and late neurological outcomes in pediatric TBI patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The study included children aged 1 month to 18 years who were admitted to the PICU due to TBI between 2014 and 2020...

Introduction Although previous studies have examined olfactory dysfunction in children, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has certainly had an unprecedented effect on their olfaction, which could not be taken into consideration. Aim of this report is to present data on the epidemiology of olfactory dysfunction during the pandemic and compare this dataset with a pre-pandemic set. We hypothesized an increase in URTI-related olfactory dysfunction. Methods Data of paediatric patients consulting a smell and taste clinic between March 2020 and June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed...

Head injuries are frequent occurrences in emergency departments worldwide and are notable for the fact that attention must be paid to the sequelae of intracranial and extracranial trauma. It is crucial to assess potential intracranial injuries and to strive for both medically sound and esthetically pleasing extracranial outcomes. The aim of this continuing education article is to provide a refresher on knowledge of head injuries and the associated nuances for wound care.

PURPOSE: The skeletal survey X-ray series is the current 'gold standard' when investigating suspected physical abuse (SPA) of children, in addition to a non-contrast computed tomography (CT) brain scan. This systematic literature review synthesised findings of published research to determine if low dose computed tomography (LDCT) could detect subtle fractures and therefore replace the skeletal survey X-ray series in the investigation of SPA in children aged under 3 years. METHODS: Five electronic databases and grey literature were systematically searched from their inception to 28 April 2022...

Introduction  Facial nerve stimulation (FNS) is a complication in cochlear implant (CI) when the electrical current escapes from the cochlea to the nearby facial nerve. Different management to reduce its effects are available, although changes might result in a less-than-ideal fitting for the CI user, eventually reducing speech perception. Objective  To verify the etiologies that cause FNS, to identify strategies in managing FNS, and to evaluate speech recognition in patients who present FNS. Methods  Retrospective study approved by the Ethical Board of the Institution...

Introduction The Chiari osteotomy enlarges the acetabulum to increase coverage of the femoral head. It is performed as a salvage procedure on a noncongruent, yet in-place, hip. This study aims to assess the clinical and radiographic outcomes of Chiari pelvic osteotomy for treating hip dysplasia in children. Methods This is a case series conducted in the pediatric orthopedic trauma department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Hassan II, Fez, Morocco, over a 10-year period from January 2011 to December 2020...

PURPOSE: Road traffic accidents (RTA), assaults, falls, and sports-related injuries are the leading causes of maxillofacial trauma. Due to quite different geographical environment and fast urbanization, the use of various protective equipment is restricted in India. Thus, compared to other countries, there might be a significant difference in the pattern and frequency of associated injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma. The present study was conducted to identify the causes and pattern of various maxillofacial fractures and the frequency of other related injuries among subjects with maxillofacial trauma...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of motion (ROM), elbow function and predictors for good elbow function after conservative treatment of non-displaced radial head fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients with non-displaced radial head fractures (displacement < 2 mm), that were diagnosed between January 1st 2017 and December 31st 2021 in a level I trauma center, were included in this retrospective case series and the charts were evaluated for ROM and elbow function...