Lps challenge model

BACKGROUND: Acute Lung Injury (ALI) results into severe inflammation and oxidative stress to the pulmonary tissue. Rhamnazin is a natural flavonoid and known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties rhamnazin were tested for protection against the acute lung injury. We investigated whether rhamnazin improves the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in an animal model (rat). We also studied the probable molecular mechanism of action of rhamnazin...

Steatosis can sensitise the liver to various challenges and favour the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this context, fructose feeding promotes endotoxin translocation from the gut, contributing to disease progression via an inflammatory process. Citrulline is protective against fructose-induced NAFLD; we hypothesised that this property might be related to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative action against endotoxin-induced hepatic injuries. This hypothesis was evaluated in a model of perfused liver isolated from NAFLD rats...

Ficolins are a family of pattern recognition molecules that are capable of activating the lectin pathway of complement. A limited number of reports have demonstrated a protective role of ficolins in animal models of infection. In addition, an immune modulatory role of ficolins has been suggested. Yet, the contribution of ficolins to inflammatory disease processes remains elusive. To address this, we investigated ficolin deficient mice during a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced model of systemic inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary function measurements are important when studying respiratory disease models. Both resistance and compliance have been used to assess lung function in mice. Yet, it is not always clear how these parameters relate to forced expiration (FE)-related parameters, most commonly used in humans. We aimed to characterize FE measurements in four well-established mouse models of lung diseases. METHOD: Detailed respiratory mechanics and FE measurements were assessed concurrently in Balb/c mice, using the forced oscillation and negative pressure-driven forced expiration techniques, respectively...

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is considered a late mediator of sepsis and the inhibition of HMGB1-mediated severe inflammatory responses and restoration of endothelial integrity have emerged as attractive therapeutic strategies for the management of sepsis. Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone isolated from ginger, has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. We examined the effects of ZGR on HMGB1-mediated septic responses and survival rate in a mouse model of sepsis. ZGR was administered after HMGB1 challenge...

Acute lung injury (ALI) is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Recently, our study found that a bispecific fusion protein treatment can ameliorate the lung injury induced by LPS. However, the molecular mechanisms which bispecific fusion protein ameliorates acute lung injury remain unclear. In this study, we found that the bispecific fusion protein treatment inhibited the nuclear transcription of NF-κB in confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy, the bispecific fusion protein exert protective effects in the cell model of ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via inhibiting the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway and mediate inflammation...

Infections caused by the facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis remains an unsolved problem for the aquaculture as no efficient treatments have been developed. As a result, substantial amounts of antibiotic have been used to limit salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS) disease outbreaks. The antibiotic usage has not reduced the occurrence, but lead to an increase in resistant strains, underlining the need for new treatment strategies. P. salmonis produce membrane vesicles (MVs); small spherical structures know to contain a variety of bacterial components, including proteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), DNA and RNA...

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to asthma exacerbations and development of inhaled corticosteroid insensitivity. Complete resistance to systemic corticosteroids is rare and most patients lie on a continuum of steroid responsiveness. The objective of this study was to examine the sensitivity of combined ovalbumin- (Ova) and LPS-induced functional and inflammatory responses to inhaled and systemic corticosteroid in conscious guinea-pigs, to test the hypothesis that the route of administration affects its sensitivity...

The immuno-inflammatory activation triggered by various stresses play an important role in pathophysiology of depression. The immune responses display differential pathological characters in different stresses. However, comparative data and analysis on behavioural, inflammatory and neurochemical changes in different stress-induced depression is limited. To imitate different stressful situations, in this study, mice were subjected to a single injection of LPS (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) and UCMS (4 week period), respectively...

AIM: A more vigorous immune system activation is generally seen in women as compared to men. The reasons for these differences are still not understood. By investigating the immune-regulatory role of estrogens, we have previously shown that estradiol (E2) can regulate and ameliorate rheumatoid arthritis models. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ovariectomy (ovx) and estradiol (E2) in innate immune responses. METHODS: Female mice were ovx or sham operated...

Harmine is a major constituent in a hallucinogenic botanical mixture ayahuasca and medical plant Peganum harmala L. The plant is used for various illnesses and exhibits anti-inflammatory activity. However, the active constituents remain unclear. Here, we screened the seven alkaloids in P. harmala for their anti-inflammatory activity using an nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) reporter assay. We found that harmine and harmol could inhibit NF-κB transactivity. As the most abundant compound, harmine inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)- and lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced NF-κB transactivity and nuclear translocation in mouse macrophage RAW 264...

Responding to systemic demands in producing and replenishing end-effector blood cells is predicated on the appropriate delivery and interpretation of extrinsic signals to the HSPCs. The data presented herein implicate the systemic, extracellular form of the glycosyltransferase ST6Gal-1 in the regulation of late-stage neutrophil development. ST6Gal-1 is typically a membrane-bound enzyme sequestered within the intracellular secretory apparatus, but an extracellular form is released into the blood from the liver...

Hepatic injury occurs frequently during sepsis, and polysaccharides isolated from plants have been reported to have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in various models. However, the effect of wheatgrass-derived polysaccharide (WGP) has not been previously studied. In the present study, we investigated the effect of WGP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced hepatic injury in mice. Mice were pre-treated with WGP (100 or 200 mg/kg daily for 2 days) and then challenged with LPS (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), and sacrificed after 12 h...

Glucocorticoids promote neutrophilic inflammation, the mechanisms of which are poorly characterized. Using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute murine lung injury model, we determined the role of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in mouse lung neutrophil numbers in the absence and presence of dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid. G-CSF was blocked using a neutralizing antibody. Airway neutrophil numbers, cytokine levels, and lung injury parameters were measured. Glucocorticoid treatment maintained LPS-induced airway G-CSF while suppressing TNF and IL-6...

Early-life challenges, particularly infections and stress, are related to neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Here, we conducted a wide range of behavioral tests in periadolescent (postnatal day (PN) 35) and adult (PN70) Swiss mice neonatally challenged with LPS on PN5 and -7, to unveil behavioral alterations triggered by LPS exposure. Immune and neurotrophic (brain-derived neurotrophic factor-BDNF) alterations were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC), and hypothalamus (HT)...

BACKGROUND: The cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) is an evolutionary conserved protein abundantly expressed not only in the central nervous system but also peripherally including the immune system. A line of Norwegian dairy goats naturally devoid of PrP(C) (PRNP (Ter/Ter)) provides a novel model for studying PrP(C) physiology. METHODS: In order to explore putative roles for PrP(C) in acute inflammatory responses, we performed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Escherichia coli O26:B6) challenge of 16 goats (8 PRNP (+/+) and 8 PRNP (Ter/Ter)) and included 10 saline-treated controls (5 of each PRNP genotype)...

It has been demonstrated that peripheral infections accompanied by neuroinflammation may modify brain development or affect normal brain aging and represent major risk factors for the development of neurological disorders. A wide range of synthetic and natural compounds with anti-inflammatory properties have been evaluated in animal models of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. In the present study we have demonstrated for the first time that sodium thiosulphate (STS), a known antidote approved for treatment of certain medical conditions, is capable of reducing brain inflammation caused by systemic LPS administration...

Rationale: Oxidation of 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine generates a group of bioactive oxidized phospholipid products (OxPAPC) with a broad range of biological activities. Barrier-enhancing and anti-inflammatory effects of OxPAPC on pulmonary endothelial cells (EC) are critical for prevention of acute lung injury caused by bacterial pathogens or excessive mechanical ventilation. Anti-inflammatory properties of OxPAPC are associated with its antagonistic effects on toll-like receptors and suppression of RhoA GTPase signaling...

This study mainly studied the effect of inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signal by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in a murine acute lung injury model. The results showed that LPS exposure activated NF-κB and its upstream proteins and caused lung inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in mice. While inhibition of NF-κB by PDTC adminstration alleviated LPS-induced generation of lymphocytes, IL-1β, and TNF-α...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that is generally characterized by progressive and irreversible airflow obstruction and alveolar destruction. Long-term treatment with current medications has been associated with various adverse effects, indicating a need for alternative approaches for the prevention and treatment of COPD. This study investigated the mechanism underlying the effects of trans-anethole in a mouse model of COPD induced by porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)...