paracetamol intoxication

Paracetamol is the most predominantly used antipyretic and analgesic drug. As paracetamol is metabolised mostly in the liver, both deliberate and unintentional overdoses of paracetamol are reported to provoke severe hepatotoxicity, including liver failure. Caesalpinia bonducella seed is well known for its medicinal and therapeutic properties. However, there is no report on its potential protective effects against paracetamol-instigated hepatotoxicity. Therefore, we studied the protective effects of aqueous seed extract of Caesalpinia bonducella (ASECB) on paracetamol-instigated hepatotoxicity in rats...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to analyze all the patients who contacted the hospital's pediatric poison control center (PPCC) for exposure to ibuprofen and acetaminophen, in order to assess the incidence of any adverse reactions. METHODS: We retrospectively reported the clinical data of children who accessed the PPCC of the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, from January 1, 2018 to September 30, 2022 due to wrong, accidental or intentional intake of inappropriate doses of acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen...

Paracetamol or acetaminophen is the main non-opioid analgesic recommended for mild pain by the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder. However, the high levels used of paracetamol are associated with the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by accumulation of toxic metabolites. The sensor is produced on a polyester substrate containing a full electrochemical device with working, auxiliary, and reference electrodes in which, guiding personalized medicine solutions are not reported. Temporal paracetamol profiles in human saliva are performed with the subject taking different amounts of commercial analgesic pills...

Ziziphus abyssinica root bark is widely used in folk medicine to manage liver diseases, particularly, jaundice but its effect on paracetamol-induced liver toxicity (PILT) has not yet been validated. This study explored the ameliorative effect of ethanolic root bark extract of Ziziphus abyssinica (ZAE) against PILT in rats. The flavonoid and phenolic content of ZAE was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteau and aluminium trichloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity of ZAE was determined in vitro by evaluating its ferrous reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAC) as well as DPPH and nitic oxide (NO) radicals scavenging activities...

Adulteration is a well-known practice of drug manufacturers at different stages of drug production. The intentional addition of active ingredients to adulterate the primary drug may enhance or mask pharmacological effects or may produce more potent drugs to increase the number of available doses and the dealer's profit. Adulterants found in different drugs change over time in response to different factors. A systematic literature search in PubMed and Scopus databases and official international organizations' websites according to PRISMA guidelines was performed...

Parthenium hysterophorus is conventionally used to treat urinary tract infections, joint pain, and hyperglycaemia. This study evaluates the reno-curative effects of methanolic extract of P. hysterophorus (MEPH) in paracetamol-induced nephrotoxic rabbits. Thirty male rabbits were divided into V groups: Group I served as the negative control. Group-II to V were treated with 2 g/kg of paracetamol to induce nephrotoxicity. Group II served as paracetamol (PCM) intoxicated control. Group III till V were fed orally with the following treatments: III paracetamol (PCM) 40 mg/kg MEPH; IV PCM+80 mg/kg MEPH; V PCM+Cystone (5 ml/kg), respectively, for 14 days...

Walnut Oil and Caralluma are edible and form part of the traditional medicine system in many countries. These are frequently used in traditional medicine as remedies to relieve a wide range of illnesses and health problems. Walnut Oil and Caralluma species have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, gastric mucosa protecting, antimalarial, antioxidant, anti-trypanosomal, appetite suppressant and cytotoxic activities. The current study was planned to study the impacts of 21 days' oral administration of walnut oil and methanolic extract of Caralluma tuberculata on the levels of some liver-associated parameters and hematological parameters in paracetamol intoxicated mice...

N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an endogenous cysteine metabolite. The drug is widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and as antidote in acetaminophen (paracetamol) intoxication. Currently, the utility of NAC is investigated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is generally considered associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. Besides clinical laboratory parameters, the effects of NAC are evaluated by measuring in plasma or serum nitrite, nitrate or their sum (NOx) as measures of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis...

This study aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity of jojoba seed cake extracts against an acute paracetamol (PC) intoxication. Two aqueous extracts from jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) seed cake, a simmondsin-rich extract (WE), and a simmondsin-hydrolyzed extract (NE) using Viscozyme L enzyme have been prepared and characterized. After enzyme treatment, simmondsin content decreased from 33.0 % to 3.0 % and glucose content increased from 16.2 % to 27.3 % reflecting simmondsin hydrolysis. Both extracts were administered to different rat groups via gavage (0...

Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity (APAP) causes severe damage that may be irreversible. Understanding the evolution of liver injury caused by overdose of the drug is important to assist in the treatment. In the present study, we evaluated the acute intoxication by APAP (500 mg/kg) in periods of 3 and 12 hours in C57BL/6 mice through biochemical, histological, inflammatory parameters, and the redox status. The results showed that in the 3-hour period there was an increase in creatinine dosage and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) compared to the control group...

BACKGROUND: Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is the most commonly ingested drug in self-poisoning. The correlation between an ingested self-reported dose of paracetamol and plasma paracetamol concentration is moderate. The usefulness of this correlation to rule out paracetamol ingestion has to be investigated. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of medical history in diagnosis of paracetamol ingestion in patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) for deliberate self-poisoning...

CONTEXT: Ingestion of organophosphate (OP) pesticides is a common method of self-harm in developing countries. Apart from acute cholinergic effects, limited evidence implicates OP poisoning in long-term neurocognitive deficits. However, prospective neurophysiological evidence of long-term deficits is scarce in humans. We aimed to determine long-term cognitive changes of acute OP pesticide self-poisoning in a prospective follow-up study, using event-related potentials (ERPs), an electroencephalographic index of cognitive functioning...

Poisoning is a common problem in the United States. Acid-base disturbances, electrolyte derangements, or acute kidney injury result from severe poisoning from toxic alcohols, salicylates, metformin, and acetaminophen. Lithium is highly sensitive to small changes in kidney function. These poisonings and drug overdoses often require the nephrologist's expertise in diagnosis and treatment, which may require correction of acidosis, administration of selective enzyme inhibitors, or timely hemodialysis. The clinical and laboratory abnormalities associated with the poisonings and drug overdoses can develop rapidly and lead to severe cellular dysfunction and death...

It is known that the violation of one or more functions of the liver, where the basic biochemical processes take place, is reflected in the functional state of many organs and systems, causing severe consequences. For the effective treatment of the hepatobiliary system diseases the drugs from fungi and plant materials are promising, the ingredients of which are close to natural metabolites, have different mechanisms of hepatoprotective action and, in general, can have a positive effect on liver function. AIM: The aim of the research was to investigate the hepatoprotective properties of the Maitake mushrooms thick extract in the experiment on rats with paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced hepatitis...

Medicago denticulata is commonly used as a leafy vegetable, salad, and food ingredient. In this study, different doses of leaves aqueous extract of M. denticulata (MD) were fed to intoxicated rabbits with paracetamol (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) for regular 21 days. The aqueous extract was evaluated for phenolic composition using HPLC-DAD. Serum biochemical and hematological parameters were studied to check its activity. The liver was examined histologically and for antioxidant status. Results revealed that paracetamol led to a significant alteration in all the hematological (RBC, WBC, Hb, PLT, and HCT), and serum lipid parameters (TC, HDL, LDL, and TG) while MD at the dose rate of 300 mg/kg had a curative effect on the stabilization of the affected parameters...

Orchids are basically ornamental, and biological functions are seldom evaluated. This research investigated the effects of Acampe ochracea methanol extract (AOME) in ameliorating the paracetamol (PCM) induced liver injury in Wistar albino rats, evaluating its phytochemical status through UPLC-qTOF-MS analysis. With molecular docking and network pharmacology, virtual screening verified the inevitable interactions between the UPLC-qTOF-MS-characterized compounds and hepatoprotective drug receptors. The AOME has explicit a dose-dependent decrease of liver enzymes acid phosphatase (ACP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total bilirubin, as well as an increase of serum total protein and antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH) with a virtual normalization (p < 0...

The paracetamol-induced injuries of liver and kidneys in animals are mostly used to screen out the hepato and nephroprotective effect of extract or other therapeutic agents. In the present study total phenolic and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo hepato/nephroprotective (on paracetamol-induced intoxication in experimental rabbits) potentials of the Daphne mucronata leaves methanolic extract were determined. For the identification of possible phytochemicals, HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) analysis was carried out and a total of eight phenolic compounds; malic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, morin, ellagic acid, and rutin were identified...

The occurrence of metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap in the context of chronic paracetamol intoxication is an easily treatable clinical situation. Its rapid recognition is essential given its complete reversibility in the event of adequate management by eviction of the toxic agent, in this case paracetamol. It has an unknown cause and therefore potentially under-diagnosed, to be considered in the same way as the other more frequent etiologies. Because of this lack of knowledge, its frequency is probably underestimated considering the widespread consumption of paracetamol in the population...

Rodenticide or 'rat poison' is easily available in a predominantly agrarian economy such as India. Metal phosphides or yellow phosphorous are two common rodenticides. Acute liver failure caused by accidental or suicidal poisoning with rodenticides has been infrequently reported in literature. Liver transplantation offers the best chances of survival in severe intoxication. However, the availability of liver transplantation in resource-limited settings presents a challenge. N- acetyl cysteine has been successfully used in paracetamol poisoning...

Present study is aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective and hematopoietic effect of Typha elephantina leaves aqueous (T.E.AQ), extract in paracetamol (PCM) intoxicated rabbits. Experimental animals were divided into various groups. The blood was taken on day 7th (W1=Week 1), day 14th (W2 = week 2) and day 21st (W3 = week 3) of treatments and was analyzed for all hematological and serum biochemical markers. PCM administration caused marked increase in the levels of serum biochemical and hematological parameters...