Microalbuminuria

Objectives: Video capillaroscopy is a diagnostic method for evaluating microvascular changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated microvascular changes, including microvascular architecture, capillary distribution (morphology and density), and angiogenesis conditions in T2DM patients via video capillaroscopy. Methods: A total of 256 patients with T2DM enrolled in this study. Based on electromyography (EMG)-nerve conduction velocity results, patients were divided into patients with normal and abnormal EMG...

PURPOSE: Megalin is a glycoprotein molecule found on proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. The objectives of this study were to determine urinary megalin levels in non-diabetic subjects and in patients with and without type 2 diabetic nephropathy and to assess the correlation between urinary megalin, urinary albumin, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India for 2 years...

PURPOSE: We previously showed the beneficial effect of L-Lysine (Lys), a chemical chaperone, on reducing diabetic complications in diabetic rats and type 2 diabetic patients. Herein, we evaluated the effect of Lys co-administration with Vitamin C and Zinc (Lys+VC+Zn), in diabetic rats. METHODS: The streptozotocin (50 mg/Kg) was injected into male adult Wistar rats to induce diabetes. Then, different groups of normal and diabetic rats were treated with Lys and Lys+VC+Zn for five months...

INTRODUCTION: Alteration in the various markers is seen in diabetic nephropathy (DN). In the current research, four different markers were evaluated and were examined for their diagnostic value in the nephropathic type 2 diabetes patients. METHODS: A prospective clinical trial was piloted with diabetic male subjects with nephropathy. The subjects were followed up for 9 months. Thirty subjects were recruited as type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without nephropathy as controls...

BACKGROUND: Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) are a class of drugs with modest antidiabetic efficacy, weight loss effect, and cardiovascular benefits as proven by multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, real-world data on the comparative efficacy and safety of individual SGLT-2i medications is sparse. AIM: To study the comparative efficacy and safety of SGLT-2i using real-world clinical data. METHODS: We evaluated the comparative efficacy data of 3 SGLT-2i drugs (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin) used for treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

BACKGROUND: Mechanistic studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors can modulate inflammation. METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled trial randomized 41 ASCVD subjects with type 2 diabetes with microalbuminuria and LDL-C level >70 mg/dL on maximum tolerated statin therapy received subcutaneous evolocumab 420 mg every 4 weeks or matching placebo. The primary outcomes were change in circulating immune cell transcriptional response, lipoproteins and blood viscosity at 2 weeks and 12 weeks...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) poses a significant health challenge for individuals with diabetes. At its initial stages, DKD often presents asymptomatically, and the standard for non-invasive diagnosis, the albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), employs discrete categorizations (normal, microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria) with limitations in sensitivity and specificity across diverse population cohorts. Single biomarker reliance further restricts the predictive value in clinical settings. Given the escalating prevalence of diabetes, our study uses proteomic technologies to identify novel urinary proteins as supplementary DKD biomarkers...

OBJECTIVE: This research aims to identify the association between the nine polymorphic variants (rs4961, rs699, rs4762, rs5186, rs1403543, rs1799998, rs5443, rs2070744, rs1799983) and the occurrence of hypertension and its clinical manifestations in the Uzbek population. METHODS: The study included 227 individuals, comprising 179 patients with hypertension and 48 controls. Clinical parameters such as age, weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, pulse wave velocity, left ventricular mass, and microalbuminuria levels were identified...

Worldwide, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a significant contributor to end-stage renal failure and chronic kidney disease. Probiotic supplementation has recently gained popularity as a potential nutritional therapy in several clinical trials aimed at improving renal function, inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, glycemic control, and inflammation. However, they still need to undergo a thorough assessment of DN. It is crucial that the optimal dosage, duration, and combination of probiotic strains administered for the purpose of slowing down the advancement of DN be assessed...

INTRODUCTION: The rise in the cases of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension is a major public health concern in Malaysia. This results in the many cases of chronic kidney disease being managed in primary healthcare clinics. This study examines the pre- and post-clinical outcomes of scheduled nephrologist visits on CKD patients in a primary health care clinic in Ipoh, Perak. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective crosssectional study reviewing the medical records of patients seen by visiting nephrologists from January 2019 to December 2021 in Greentown Health Clinic...

Cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) regulates podocyte apoptosis to take part in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), but currently the clinical evidence is limited. The aim of the present study was to investigate the capability of serum CDC42 expression level to estimate the development and progression of DN in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Patients with type 2 DM (n=306) were enrolled and divided into normoalbuminuria (n=185), microalbuminuria (n=72) and macroalbuminuria (n=49) groups based on the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy is a progressive condition and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation play an important role in its pathogenesis. In pre-clinical studies, Montelukast had shown renoprotective and anti-oxidant properties, hence the study was planned to evaluate the effect of Montelukast in a Streptozotocin (STZ) induced model of diabetic nephropathy. METHODS: 40 Wistar rats of either sex were randomly divided into four groups viz ...

Hereditary xanthinuria (HXAN) is a rare metabolic disorder that results from mutations in either the xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) or the molybdenum cofactor sulfurase genes (MOCOS), respectively defining HXAN type I and type II. Hypouricemia, hypouricosuria, and abnormally high plasma and urine levels of xanthine, causing susceptibility to xanthine nephrolithiasis and deposition of xanthine crystals in tissues, are the metabolic hallmarks of HXAN. Several pathogenic variants in the XDH gene have so far been identified in patients with HXAN type I, but the clinical phenotype associated with the whole deletion of the human XDH gene is unknown...

OBJECTIVE: While diet plays a key role in CKD management, the potential for diet to impact CKD prevention in the general population is less clear. Using a priori knowledge, we derived disease-related dietary patterns (DPs) through reduced rank regression (RRR) and investigated associations with kidney function, separately focusing on generally healthy individuals and those with self-reported kidney diseases, hypertension or diabetes mellitus. METHODS: 8,686 participants from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol (CHRIS) study were split into a group free of kidney disease, hypertension and diabetes (n=6,133) and a group with any of the three conditions (n=2,553)...

Several studies have shown an association between albuminuria and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, studies on the relationship between the STOP-BANG questionnaire that can screen for OSA and microalbuminuria are still insufficient. Therefore, this study attempted to clarify the relationship between microalbuminuria and OSA risk using the STOP-BANG questionnaire in Korean adults. A total of 7478 participants (3289 men and 4189 women) aged over 40 were enrolled in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2019 to 2020...

INTRODUCTION: Hypertension is a leading cardiovascular risk factor. Accurate blood pressure measurement is pivotal in hypertension diagnosis and management. Conventional office measurements (OBP) are error-prone, exacerbated by the white coat effect. Unattended automated office blood pressure measurement (UAOBP) is emerging as an alternative, mitigating the white coat effect. However, its ability to predict hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) remains disputable. OBJECTIVES: This study compares UAOBP with OBP in terms of their association with various HMODs, including left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, intima-media complex thickening, microalbuminuria and abnormal pulse wave velocity...

Microalbuminuria is an early symptom and prognostic marker of the progression of renal pathology. The analysis of the role of anionic components of the renal glomeruli in the albumin retention and the development of a model of minimal changes in the glomerular filter leading to the appearance of microalbuminuria are relevant. The effect of organic cations D-arginine methyl esters (D-AME) and D-nitroarginine (D-NAME) on the excretion of albumin by the kidneys in rats was studied. D-AME had no effect on urinary albumin excretion in rats...

Cardiometabolic syndrome is unfortunately widely prevalent in medically underserved areas with one possible non-pharmacological solution being food prescriptions from food pharmacies. Food prescriptions are defined as when a physician prescribes certain foods as a treatment for health conditions. There seems to be a promising future for food prescriptions; however, there is a huge literature gap. Given this lack of knowledge regarding this burgeoning practice, we decided to review the current state of food prescriptions used to treat cardiometabolic conditions in the US adult clinical setting...

Living donor kidney transplantation plays a vital role in renal replacement therapy, particularly in India, where a substantial increase in kidney transplants has been observed. Thorough assessments of living kidney donors are crucial, focusing on parameters such as kidney size and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Despite the importance of GFR in donor assessments, there is a noticeable lack of data on normal GFR ranges in the Indian population. This study aims to address the gap in knowledge by establishing a reference range for GFR in healthy kidney donors from the Marathwada region of Maharashtra...

OBJECTIVES: In recent years, the prevalence of diabetic nephropathy (DN) has increased significantly. An increasing number of studies have shown that lymphocyte-associated inflammatory responses play a role in DN. This study aims to investigate the relationship between lymphocytes and DN in patients with autoimmune diabetes. METHODS: The clinical data of 226 patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) and 79 patients with latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) were retrospectively studied and stratified according to the urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)...