Glaucoma optic nerve imaging

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although obesity, tobacco and alcohol consumption were linked to the progression of numerous chronic diseases, an association of these social history aspects with glaucoma progression is not yet determined. This study aims to investigate the effect of body mass index (BMI) and history of tobacco and alcohol use on the rates of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) change over time in glaucoma patients. METHODS: 2839 eyes of 1584 patients with glaucoma from the Duke Ophthalmic Registry were included...

Being the primary site of degeneration, the optic nerve has always been the focus of structural glaucoma assessment. The technical advancements, mainly of optical coherence tomography (OCT), now allow for a very precise quantification of the optic nerve head and peripapillary retina morphology. By far the most commonly used structural optic nerve parameter is the thickness of the parapapillary retinal nerve fiber, which has great clinical utility but also suffers from significant limitations, mainly in advanced glaucoma...

We report a case of a 78-year-old man presenting with uncertain visual field loss, ultimately identified as posterior polar hemispheric choroidal dystrophy (PPHCD) using ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The patient initially reported blurred vision in the left eye and had a previous diagnosis of suspected bilateral normal tension glaucoma based on optic nerve head excavation and static perimetry measurements. Detailed examination revealed suspicious retinal atrophy...

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a deep learning system (DLS) for estimation of vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR) in ultra-widefield (UWF) and smartphone-based fundus images. METHODS: A DLS consisting of two sequential convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to delineate optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) boundaries was developed using 800 standard fundus images from the public REFUGE data set. The CNNs were tested on 400 test images from the REFUGE data set and 296 UWF and 300 smartphone-based images from a teleophthalmology clinic...

OBJECTIVE: To measure mechanical strain of the lamina cribrosa (LC) after intraocular pressure (IOP) change produced 1 week after a change in glaucoma medication. DESIGN: Cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Adult glaucoma patients (23 eyes, 15 patients) prescribed a change in IOP-lowering medication. INTERVENTION: Noninvasive OCT imaging of the eye. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deformation calculated by digital volume correlation of OCT scans of the LC before and after IOP lowering by medication...

PURPOSE: The aim was to compare the effectiveness of clinical discriminant rules and machine learning classifiers in identifying glaucomatous fundus images based on optic disc topographic features. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: The study used a total of 800 fundus images, half of which were glaucomatous cases and the other half non- glaucomatous cases obtained from an open database and clinical work. The images were randomly divided into training and testing sets with equal numbers of glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous images...

This study explores the complication of secondary intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation and consequent glaucoma development in Graves' orbitopathy (GO), an autoimmune disorder associated with hyperthyroidism. Utilizing Octopus 900 visual field testing and optical coherence tomography (OCT), the research established correlations between functional and structural changes in optic nerve regions in patients with GO and patients with GO with elevated IOP (GO IOP) groups. A comparison with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was conducted in a cohort of 182 subjects...

Glaucoma is the commonest cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, with over 70% of people affected remaining undiagnosed. Early detection is crucial for halting progressive visual impairment in glaucoma patients, as there is no cure available. This narrative review aims to: identify reasons for the significant under-diagnosis of glaucoma globally, particularly in Australia, elucidate the role of primary healthcare in glaucoma diagnosis using Australian healthcare as an example, and discuss how recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can be implemented to improve diagnostic outcomes...

INTRODUCTION: Microcirculation of optic nerve head (ONH) in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with unilateral visual field (VF) loss has yet to be fully investigated, especially the perimetrically unaffected fellow eyes. METHODS: Thirty-eight OAG patients with VF defect in one eye and normal VF in the other eye, and thirty-one healthy participants were analyzed. All participants underwent laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging, and VF test for further analyses...

Currently, deep learning-based methods have achieved success in glaucoma detection. However, most models focus on OCT images captured by a single scan pattern within a given region, holding the high risk of the omission of valuable features in the remaining regions or scan patterns. Therefore, we proposed a multi-region and multi-scan-pattern fusion model to address this issue. Our proposed model exploits comprehensive OCT images from three fundus anatomical regions (macular, middle, and optic nerve head regions) being captured by four scan patterns (radial, volume, single-line, and circular scan patterns)...

INTRODUCTION: Strabismus surgery under general anesthesia is a common procedure with rare complications in the form of hemorrhage, infection, slipped muscle, lost muscle, scleral perforation, and anterior segment ischemia. We report a unique case of bilateral optic neuritis following squint surgery under general anesthesia in a 15-year-old girl. METHODS: A 15-year-old girl presented with accommodative esotropia with V pattern. She underwent uneventful bilateral inferior oblique recession surgery under general anesthesia with Propofol 60 mg, Atracurium 30 mg, and Fentanyl 70 mcg...

Optical coherence tomography imaging provides a crucial clinical measurement for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma through the two-dimensional retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (RNFLT) map. Researchers have been increasingly using neural models to extract meaningful features from the RNFLT map, aiming to identify biomarkers for glaucoma and its progression. However, accurately representing the RNFLT map features relevant to glaucoma is challenging due to significant variations in retinal anatomy among individuals, which confound the pathological thinning of the RNFL...

Clinical imaging provided by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its variant, OCT-angiography (OCT-A), has revolutionised eyecare practice. The imaging techniques allow for the identification and quantification of ocular structures, supporting the diagnosis and prognosis of eye disease. In this review, an overview of the usefulness of OCT-A imaging in the diagnosis and management of a range of ocular conditions is provided when used in isolation or in combination with other imaging modalities and measures of visual function (visual field results)...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate longitudinal rates of change (LRCs) of structural parameters from optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) after laser iridotomy (LI) along with laser peripheral iridoplasty (PI). METHODS: Among 146 patients diagnosed with PACG, thirty-two subjects (32 eyes) who underwent LI plus PI and accomplished more than five times of reliable OCT tests were included in the current retrospective study...

PURPOSE: To determine whether peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area is an indicator of glaucomatous structural and functional damage and progression. METHODS: In this retrospective longitudinal analysis from ongoing prospective study we qualified 71 eyes (50 subjects) with glaucoma. All subjects had a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, visual field (VF), and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) testing in at least three visits. PPA was manually delineated on en face OCT optic nerve head scans, while observing the corresponding cross-sectional images, as the hyper-reflective area contiguous with the optic disc...

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by the thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), which is primarily caused by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Precise monitoring of these changes at a cellular resolution in living eyes is significant for glaucoma research. In this study, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of temporal speckle averaging optical coherence tomography (TSA-OCT) and dynamic OCT (dOCT) in examining the static and potential dynamic properties of RGCs and RNFL in living mouse eyes...

PURPOSE: To determine if structurally intact, retrolaminar optic nerve (RON) axons are demyelinated in nonhuman primate (NHP) experimental glaucoma (EG). METHODS: Unilateral EG NHPs (n = 3) were perfusion fixed, EG and control eyes were enucleated, and foveal Bruch's membrane opening (FoBMO) 30° sectoral axon counts were estimated. Optic nerve heads were trephined; serial vibratome sections (VSs) were imaged and colocalized to a fundus photograph establishing their FoBMO location...

Clinicians are unable to detect glaucoma until substantial loss or dysfunction of retinal ganglion cells occurs. To this end, novel measures are needed. We have developed an optical imaging solution based on adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) to discern key clinical features of glaucoma and other neurodegenerative diseases at the cellular scale in the living eye. Here, we test the feasibility of measuring AO-OCT-based reflectance, retardance, optic axis orientation, and angiogram at specifically targeted locations in the living human retina and optic nerve head...

We present a fully automatic montage pipeline for adaptive optics SLO retinal images. It contains a flexible module to estimate the translation between pairwise images. The user can change modules to accommodate the alignment of the dataset using the most appropriate alignment technique, provided that it estimates the translation between image pairs and provides a quantitative confidence metric for the match between 0 and 1. We use these pairwise comparisons and associated metrics to construct a graph where nodes represent frames and edges represent the overlap relations...

PURPOSE: To develop criteria to predict visual hemifields with deep perimetric defects based on retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) reflectance, in a transparent process whose components can be assessed by independent laboratories analysing data from their own small groups. METHODS: The analysis was carried out in four stages, using three independent groups of patients-30, 33 and 62 participants-with glaucoma and age-similar controls. The first stage used Group 1 to develop a criterion for RNFL reflectance images at 24, 36 or 48 μm below the inner limiting membrane (ILM)...