Fourth year medical school

BACKGROUND: Statistics show that over the past 2 decades, even in high-income countries, fewer and fewer students have listed neurosurgery as their top career option. Literature on medical students' pursuit of neurosurgical careers in middle- and low-income countries are scarce. The aim of this research, conducted in Turkey with a middle-income economy, was to contribute insights relevant to medical education and neurosurgery across the world. METHODS: A survey was conducted with a target sample of fourth-year (167 students), fifth-year (169 students), and sixth-year (140 students) medical students (476 in total) from the Medical School at Istanbul Medeniyet University in Turkey...

BACKGROUND: While there have been calls over the last 15 years for the inclusion of training in sex and gender-based medicine in medical school curricula and to sustain such improvements through a more gender responsive health system, little progress has been made. A related objective of the Australian National Men's Health Strategy (2020-30) is to improve practitioner core learning competencies in men's health as a critical step to reducing the burden of disease in men and disparities between men in health care access and outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are poised to have a substantial impact in the health care space. While a plethora of web-based resources exist to teach programming skills and ML model development, there are few introductory curricula specifically tailored to medical students without a background in data science or programming. Programs that do exist are often restricted to a specific specialty. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that a 1-month elective for fourth-year medical students, composed of high-quality existing web-based resources and a project-based structure, would empower students to learn about the impact of AI and ML in their chosen specialty and begin contributing to innovation in their field of interest...

IMPORTANCE: Training on the proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is critical for infection prevention among health care workers. Traditional methods, such as face-to-face and video-based training, can strain resources and present challenges. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of 360° virtual reality (VR) training for PPE donning and doffing compared with face-to-face and video training in enhancing the PPE use skills of prospective health care practitioners...

PURPOSE: Artificial intelligence, specifically large language models such as ChatGPT, offers valuable potential benefits in question (item) writing. This study aimed to determine the feasibility of generating case-based multiple-choice questions using ChatGPT in terms of item difficulty and discrimination levels. METHODS: This study involved 99 fourth-year medical students who participated in a rational pharmacotherapy clerkship carried out based-on the WHO 6-Step Model...

Contraception and abortion topics are variably, but often poorly, addressed in medical school curricula. Restrictions on contraceptive and abortion care at faith-based hospitals may hinder comprehensive family planning training for medical students during Ob/Gyn clerkships. Here we investigated whether medical students at faith-based and non-faith-based clerkships experienced different observations during their Ob/Gyn clerkship and/or differences in self-perceived competency in patient counseling, objective knowledge, and perceived adequacy of training in contraception and abortion topics post-clerkship...

Longitudinal research has provided systematic empirical data on the short- and long-term outcomes of admissions policies, curricular innovations, and complex decisions on students' academic progress. This study aimed to investigate the academic performance of medical students and related factors using cohort database collected from a medical school. The study participants included 134 medical students who graduated from Chonnam National University Medical School in 2022. The medical school's cohort database was used to collect data on demographics, admission, academic performance, extracurricular activities, and performance on the National Korean Medical Licensing Examination (KMLE)...

PURPOSE: Gaps still exist in medical education about the sexual health needs of sexual diverse populations, and little is known about how translatable current learning modules are to patient encounters. Efforts at an academic medical institution have been made to address this need, including a two-hour adolescent sexuality workshop during the Core Clerkship in Pediatrics. This workshop's efficacy was evaluated in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) given to rising fourth-year medical students, where the standardized patient case focused on an adolescent cisgender male with dysuria and in a new, same-sex relationship...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical application effect of double-layer soft tissue (DLST) suture closure technique in patients with mandible medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) of early and medium stages resulted in application of anti-bone-resorptive drugs. METHODS: Early to medium stage mandible MRONJ patients who underwent surgical treatment in the fourth ward of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from October 2021 to September 2022 were included...

BACKGROUND: Novel internet-based applications and associated technologies have influenced all aspects of society, ranging from commerce and business to entertainment and health care, and education is no exception. In this context, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of a dermatology e-learning program on the academic performance of medical students in dermatology. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to develop a dermatology blended-learning course for undergraduate medical students, evaluate the knowledge gained by students exposed to this course, and compare the results to those of traditional teaching methods...

BACKGROUND: Robotic surgery has emerged as an operative tool for many elective and urgent surgical procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate early surgical trainees' experiences and opinions of robotic surgery. METHODS: An introductory robotic training course consisting of online da Vinci Xi/X training and in-person, hands on training was implemented for residents and medical students across surgical subspecialties at a single institution. A voluntary survey evaluating perceptions of and interest in robotic surgery and prior robotic surgery experience, as well as a basics of robotics quiz, was distributed to participants prior to the start of the in-person session...

BACKGROUND: The General Internal Medicine Acting Internship (GIM AI) at our school is a compulsory, one-month-long experience. Morning report-style case-based discussions were conducted on a weekly basis as part of the acting internship and were poorly attended. We sought to redesign our academic half day didactic curriculum and increase voluntary student attendance by allowing students to actively participate in determining the content of the acting internship academic half day. INTERVENTION: Prior to the beginning of the acting internship, students were sent an email survey listing seven inpatient topics to rank on a scale of 1-5 (1=not at all interested, 5=very interested)...

Background The directive to withhold emergent interventions in the case of cardiac and/or respiratory arrest with the continuation of standard care and therapy is known as do-not-resuscitate (DNR). The diversity of DNR guidelines depends on moral and religious factors. In Saudi Arabia, a DNR policy was published in 2017 which corresponds to the religious and ethical aspects of Islamic law. To augment future awareness regarding DNR decisions, as they are an essential element in critical care medicine, the foundational principles of DNR must be provided during the clinical years of medical school...

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that the course of COVID-19 infection in the under-18 population was in many cases sparsely symptomatic. In contrast, the impact of the pandemic on the psychological state is quite different. The risk of psychopathological symptoms in children and adolescents increased and the course of already present psychiatric disorders has often been exacerbated. OBJECTIVES: Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of psychological and physical violence among children and adolescents and its change during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to investigate various factors that might affect violence...

Head and neck cancer (HNC) refers to malignancies found in mucosal surfaces anywhere from the paranasal sinuses to the larynx, including the various glands and cavities. Between the years 2016 and 2018, there were about 3900 new cases every year in women and 8600 in men, making it the thirteenth most common cancer in women and fourth most common in men. The aim of our study was to evaluate the amount and type of teaching United Kingdom (UK) medical students receive on HNC, and to assess their current knowledge of these cancers...

OBJECTIVES: Opioid overdose deaths remain a major health issue in the United States (US). As future physicians, medical students must receive comprehensive training to recognize and manage opioid overdoses. This study aimed to highlight training gaps at the medical student level and understand students' attitudes toward patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). METHODS: We assessed baseline knowledge of and attitudes toward the management of opioid overdoses and naloxone administration among medical students in the US...

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to evaluate attitudes of Japanese medical students toward career development, including the acquisition of medical specialty and doctorate degree qualifications. DESIGN: This involved a web-based questionnaire survey. SETTING: We asked medical students about attitudes toward career development after graduation. We also asked them about their intentions to acquire a medical specialty and a doctorate degree using a 5-point Likert scale...

Background Medical schools are called to be socially accountable as a feature of excellent medical education. Medical students are essential to the development of socially accountable medical schools. Therefore, understanding the perceptions and experiences of medical students regarding social accountability is critical for efforts to improve social accountability practices and outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional online questionnaire-based survey used Google Forms and involved medical students in their fourth and fifth years of study at the Makerere University School of Medicine...

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on the use of reflective teaching journals by fourth year US allopathic medical school students (MS4) during a longitudinal medical student-as-teacher (SaT) elective, and how MS4s self-assess their perceptions around teacher skill development and individual transitions into resident educators who teach junior learners. METHOD: Between September 2020 and December 2020, twelve MS4s in a longitudinal SaT elective completed 21 hours in a clinical bedside student teaching placement with embedded structured reflective teaching journals...

BACKGROUND: Professionalism is believed to vary depending on factors such as era and culture. Therefore, clarifying the meaning of professionalism in each country, region, and workplace is essential. However, how professionalism is cultivated among dental students in Japanese schools has yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study examined whether professionalism among Japanese dental students changes by year. This research will contribute to effective professional education. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: The participants included six fourth-year dental students and nine fifth-year dental students...