Parkinson disease cognition

Brain state classification by applying deep learning techniques on neuroimaging data has become a recent topic of research. However, unlike domains where the data is low dimensional or there are large number of available training samples, neuroimaging data is high dimensional and has few training samples. To tackle these issues, we present a sparse feedforward deep neural architecture for encoding and decoding the structural connectome of the human brain. We use a sparsely connected element-wise multiplication as the first hidden layer and a fixed transform layer as the output layer...

The importance of religiousness in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) has been the subject of conflicting research. The impact of religiousness on quality of life and depressive symptoms has also been poorly studied in this population. This study investigated the correlation between religiousness and quality of life in patients with IPD. We evaluated 37 patients with IPD (according to the criteria of the Movement Disorders Society) who were from an outpatient clinic specializing in movement disorders in Brazil...

<br><b>Introduction:</b> The early detection and diagnosis of dementia are of key importance in treatment, slowing disease progression, or suppressing symptoms. The possible role of changes in the sense of smell is considered with regard to potential markers for early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD).</br> <br><b>Materials and methods:</b> A literature search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science between May 30, 2022 and August 2, 2022...

BACKGROUND: Testing and titration of the right levodopa equivalent dose are usually performed during a hospital admission. However, optimal dose titration in people with Parkinson's disease (PwPs) may depend on home environment, emotional stress, and physical activity of everyday life. OBJECTIVE: Firstly, to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a home-based LCIG titration program and patients'/caregivers' satisfaction. Secondly, to identify barriers and facilitators for home-based titration...

UNLABELLED: The effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) on motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has been thoroughly analyzed. The influence of STN DBS on non-motor symptoms (NMS) is still debatable. We analyzed the effect of STN DBS on NMS in PD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 17 PD patients were qualified for STN DBS according to CAPSIT-PD criteria. Demographic data and clinical status according to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) were recorded. The efficacy of STN DBS on NMS was measured with the NMS Scale before surgery and twelve months after surgery...

In order to study the neuroprotective mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on reserpine-induced Parkinson's disease(PD) rat models, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group, Madopar group, and cinnamaldehyde high-, medium-, and low-dose groups. Except for the blank group, the other groups were intraperitoneally injected with reserpine of 0.1 mg·kg~(-1) once every other morning, and cinnamaldehyde and Madopar solutions were gavaged every afternoon. Open field test, rotarod test, and oral chewing movement evaluation were carried out in the experiment...

Neurodegenerative diseases are a growing global health problem with enormous consequences for individuals and society. The most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, can be caused by both genetic factors (mutations) and epigenetic changes caused by the environment, in particular, oxidative stress. One of the factors contributing to the development of oxidative stress that has an important effect on the nervous system is vitamin K, which is involved in redox processes...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophic protein that promotes neuronal survival, increases neurotransmitter synthesis, and has potential therapeutic effects in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, but its drug development has been limited by the fact that recombinant proteins of BDNF are unstable and do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In this study, we fused a TAT membrane-penetrating peptide with BDNF to express a recombinant protein (TBDNF), which was then PEG-modified to P-TBDNF...

INTRODUCTION: Dual-tasking is a non-pharmacological intervention in people with neurodegenerative conditions, and is used in Parkinson's disease (PD), primarily to enhance motor performance. The aim of this review is to compile the current evidence on how dual-task training affects cognitive processes in people with PD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic review was undertaken, applying PRISMA guidelines, which included articles obtained from the PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and Springer Link databases...

Membrane-bound particles in plasma are composed of exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and represent ∼1-2% of the total protein composition. Proteomic interrogation of this subset of plasma proteins augments the representation of tissue-specific proteins, representing a "liquid biopsy," while enabling the detection of proteins that would otherwise be beyond the dynamic range of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry of unfractionated plasma. We have developed an enrichment strategy (Mag-Net) using hyper-porous strong-anion exchange magnetic microparticles to sieve membrane-bound particles from plasma...

Sex differences permeate many aspects of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), yet sex differences in patterns of neurodegeneration in DLB remain largely unexplored. Here, we test whether grey matter networks differ between sexes in DLB and compare these findings to sex differences in healthy controls. In this cross-sectional study, we analysed clinical and neuroimaging data of patients with DLB and cognitively healthy controls matched for age and sex. Grey matter networks were constructed by pairwise correlations between 58 regional volumes after correction for age, intracranial volume, and centre...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this manuscript was twofold: to investigate how clinical voice and swallow questionnaires align with self-reports from speech/voice and swallow domains of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and how decline in self-reported speech/voice measures predict decline in self-reported swallowing measures. METHODS: This observational, preliminary cross-sectional study included 15 people diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease...

INTRODUCTION: Anosognosia, defined as reduced awareness of one's deficit or symptom, is common in Huntington's disease (HD) and detectable at each disease stage. The impact of anosognosia on self-reporting in HD populations is critical to understand given growing use of patient-reported outcomes in HD clinical care and research. We aimed to determine the influence of anosognosia on patient-reported outcome measures assessing psychiatric symptoms and quality of life in HD. METHODS: We enrolled HD patients to complete a battery of patient-reported and rater-administered measures, including the Anosognosia Scale, at baseline and 6 months later...

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease are relatively common drug-induced addictive behaviours that are usually triggered by the dopamine agonists pramipexole, ropinirole and rotigotine. This narrative review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. We summarised the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors and potential underlying mechanisms of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Moreover, recent advances in behavioural and imaging characteristics and management strategies are discussed...

Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in fiber. These species show complex relationships with diverse health aspects, associating with beneficial outcomes, including reduced visceral fat and improved glucose tolerance. Studies implicate various Prevotella species in specific diseases. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis were linked to periodontal disease, promoting immune responses and influencing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells...

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) have become increasingly common during the past three decades. Approximately 15% of the total population of the world is affected by some form of NDs, resulting in physical and cognitive disability. The most common NDs include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Although NDs are caused by a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle variables, neuroinflammation is known to be associated with all NDs, often leading to permanent damage to neurons of the central nervous system...

The midbrain dopamine system is a sophisticated hub that integrates diverse inputs to control multiple physiological functions, including locomotion, motivation, cognition, reward, as well as maternal and reproductive behaviors. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors. Dopamine also works together with other neurotransmitters and various neuropeptides to maintain the balance of synaptic functions. The dysfunction of the dopamine system leads to several conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, major depression, schizophrenia, and drug addiction...

N -methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are the main class of ionotropic receptors for the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They play a crucial role in the permeability of Ca2+ ions and excitatory neurotransmission in the brain. Being heteromeric receptors, they are composed of several subunits, including two obligatory GluN1 subunits (eight splice variants) and regulatory GluN2 (GluN2A~D) or GluN3 (GluN3A~B) subunits. Widely distributed in the brain, they regulate other neurotransmission systems and are therefore involved in essential functions such as synaptic transmission, learning and memory, plasticity, and excitotoxicity...

Background : Depression is common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and significantly impacts both the patients and their caregivers. The associations between depression and the responses from commonly used questionnaires for PD patients were assessed. New patients presenting to the Movement Disorder Center completed a number of questionnaires, including assessments of the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, including depression. Methods : The PD patients were grouped according to severity of depression: none, mild, and moderate-severe, based on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) scores...

Given the widespread production and use of plastics, poor biodegradability, and inadequate recycling, micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) have caused widespread environmental pollution. As a result, humans inevitably ingest MNPs through various pathways. However, there is still no consensus on whether exposure to MNPs has adverse effects on humans. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the knowledge of MNPs and the potential mechanisms of their impact on the central nervous system. Numerous in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that exposure to MNPs may pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and lead to neurotoxicity through impairments in oxidative and inflammatory balance, neurotransmitter alternation, nerve conduction-related key enzymes, and impact through the gut-brain axis...