acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia

BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) is one of the most problematic antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. We sought to elucidate the international epidemiology and clinical impact of CRAb. METHODS: In a prospective observational cohort study, 842 hospitalized patients with a clinical CRAb culture were enrolled at 46 hospitals in five global regions between 2017 and 2019. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 30 days from the index culture...

INTRODUCTION: In the Indian setting, antimicrobial resistance in A. baumannii is a considerable problem, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Due to the limited data, clinicians are left with very few choices except polymyxins for treating serious infections caused by A. baumannii . There is sparse data regarding the local mechanisms of resistance. Given the current therapeutic challenges, it is critical to know the local enzymatic patterns and antibiograms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 50 episodes of bacteremia caused by CRAB...

This study evaluated the clinical outcome of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bacteremia and the clinical effectiveness of tetracyclines-based therapy. In a retrospective cohort study over 5 years period, 108 patients were included in the study. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 71.4%. Pitt's bacteremia score (PBS) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.42 per 1-point), colistin-single regimens (aHR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.17-0.69), and tetracyclines single/tetracyclines-colistin combination regimens (aHR, 0...

Polymyxins are still widely used for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections (BSIs). This study seeks to evaluate the impact of polymyxin B versus colistin on mortality and nephrotoxicity in BSI caused by these bacteria. We conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2014 to 2021 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We included patients aged ≥18 years and excluded patients with polymicrobial infection or treatment for ≤48 h. The 30-day mortality was the primary outcome evaluated through Cox regression...

INTRODUCTION: antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative bacilli is one of the major concerns in public health. We aimed to evaluate gram-negative bacilli epidemiology, antimicrobial profiles, and the resistance´s mechanism for Enterobacteriaceae isolated from specimens of hospitalized patients in wards of University Hospital Center Ibn Rochd of Casablanca, Morocco. METHODS: a prospective study of the patient's specimens, collected from December 2016 to 31st March 2017...

Introduction Non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) are emerging superbugs of bloodstream infections (BSI), causing increased mortality in hospitalized patients. NFGNB are challenging to identify using conventional identification techniques. Hence, automation is beneficial for accurate and fast diagnosis; it also facilitates rapid treatment and recovery of patients. This study aims to isolate/identify NFGNB from BSI and determine its antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Material and methods This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, LLRMMC, Meerut, for a period of six months (June to November 2022)...

Intracranial tuberculosis (TB) is the most serious form of systemic TB and constitutes an important cause of morbidity and mortality in underdeveloped countries. Central nervous system TB is a difficult diagnosis to make, and treat, especially in the developing nations. Intracranial hemorrhage is one of the rare complications of intracranial TB. We are reporting a case of a 70-year-old male patient who presented to the neurology ward with complaints of persistent high-grade fever associated with significant weight loss, night sweats, and hemolysis for two months...

Infections caused by Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates, such as hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), bacteremia, and skin and soft tissue infections, among others, are particularly challenging to treat. Cefiderocol, a chlorocatechol-substituted siderophore antibiotic, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019 and prescribed for the treatment of CRAB infections. Despite the initial positive treatment outcomes with this antimicrobial, recent studies reported a higher-than-average all-cause mortality rate in patients treated with cefiderocol compared to the best available therapy...

Acinetobacter baumannii is increasingly associated with various epidemics, representing a serious concern due to the broad level of antimicrobial resistance and clinical manifestations. During the last decades, A. baumannii has emerged as a major pathogen in vulnerable and critically ill patients. Bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract, and skin and soft tissue infections are the most common presentations of A. baumannii , with attributable mortality rates approaching 35%. Carbapenems have been considered the first choice to treat A...

BACKGROUND: In the RESTORE-IMI 2 trial, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL) was noninferior to piperacillin/tazobactam in treating hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia. This post hoc analysis was conducted to determine independent predictors of efficacy outcomes in the RESTORE-IMI 2 trial, to assist in treatment decision making. METHODS: A stepwise multivariable regression analysis was conducted to identify variables that were independently associated with day 28 all-cause mortality (ACM), favorable clinical response at early follow-up (EFU), and favorable microbiologic response at end of treatment (EOT)...

BACKGROUND: No clear evidence supports the use of cefiderocol as first line treatment in A. baumannii infections. METHODS: We conducted an observational retrospective/prospective multicenter study including all patients> 18 years with carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) infections treated with cefiderocol, from June 12021 to October 30 2022. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality, secondary end-points the clinical and microbiological response at 7 days and at the end of treatment...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, a predominant nosocomial pathogen in hospitals of intensive care units, is associated with bacteremia and ventilator-associated pneumonia with a high-risk mortality rate. To increase the effectiveness of the β-lactam (BL) antibiotics, the use of β-lactamase inhibitors (BLI) acts as a booster when given in combination with BL antibiotics. To this aspect, we selected BL antibiotics of cefiderocol, cefepime, non-BL antibiotic eravacycline, BLI of durlobactam, avibactam, and a β-lactam enhancer (BLE) of zidebactam...

Colistin heteroresistance (HR) refers to a bacterial population comprised of several subpopulations with different levels of resistance to colistin. In this study, we discuss the classic form of HR, in which a resistant subpopulation exists within a predominantly susceptible population. We investigated the prevalence of colistin HR and its evolution into full resistance among 173 clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates and examined the effect of HR on clinical outcomes. To determine HR, we performed population analysis profiling...

The treatment of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii has emerged as a major problem. Tigecycline (TGC) and sulbactam (SUL) are both effective antibiotics against XDR A. baumannii. Here, we investigated the in-host evolution and mechanism of collateral sensitivity (CS) phenomenon in development of tigecycline resistance accompanied by a concomitant increase of sulbactam susceptibility. A total of four XDR A. baumannii strains were sequentially isolated from the same patient suffering from bacteremia...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the clinical features, risk factors, and effective antimicrobial therapy for Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) bloodstream infection (BSI). METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of data from patients with CRAB bacteremia in a Chinese tertiary hospital between January 2012 and October 2021. Risk factors, predictors of 30-day mortality, and effective antimicrobial therapy for CRAB BSI were identified using logistic and cox regression analyses...

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with COVID-19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) may have a higher incidence of developing secondary infections. These infections can further deteriorate the hospital course and increase mortality. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the incidence, associated risk factors, outcomes, and pathogens associated with secondary bacterial infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: All adult COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation from October 1, 2020 until December 31, 2021 were screened for inclusion in the study...

Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex is the most commonly identified species in the genus Acinetobacter and it accounts for a large percentage of nosocomial infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, and infections of the skin and urinary tract. A few key clones of A. baumannii-calcoaceticus are currently responsible for the dissemination of these organisms worldwide. Unfortunately, multidrug resistance is a common trait among these clones due to their unrivalled adaptive nature. A. baumannii-calcoaceticus isolates can accumulate resistance traits by a plethora of mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer, natural transformation, acquisition of mutations, and mobilization of genetic elements that modulate expression of intrinsic and acquired genes...

Infections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-Ab) have become a public health emergency. Due to the small therapeutic arsenal available to treat these infections, health agencies have highlighted the importance of developing new antimicrobials against MDR-Ab. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) stand out, and animal venoms are a rich source of these compounds. Here, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the use of animal venom-derived AMPs in the treatment of MDR-Ab infections in vivo...

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen with ability to cause serious infection such as bacteremia, ventilator associated pneumonia, and wound infections. As strains of A. baumannii are resistant to almost all clinically used antibiotics and with the emergence of carbapenems resistant phenotypes warrants the search for novel antibiotics. Considering this, herein, a series of computer aided drug designing approach was utilized to search novel chemical scaffolds that bind stronger to MurE ligase enzyme of A...

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a difficult-to-treat nosocomial pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR), formerly ETX2514SUL, is a novel β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor designed specifically for the treatment of CRAB infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) fast-track approval of SUL-DUR for the treatment of CRAB infections is currently pending after completion of the phase III ATTACK trial, which compared SUL-DUR to colistin, both in combination with imipenem-cilastatin (IMI) for patients with CRAB-associated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and bacteremia...