keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536752/causal-functional-maps-of-brain-rhythms-in-working-memory
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Miles Wischnewski, Taylor A Berger, Alexander Opitz, Ivan Alekseichuk
Human working memory is a key cognitive process that engages multiple functional anatomical nodes across the brain. Despite a plethora of correlative neuroimaging evidence regarding the working memory architecture, our understanding of critical hubs causally controlling overall performance is incomplete. Causal interpretation requires cognitive testing following safe, temporal, and controllable neuromodulation of specific functional anatomical nodes. Such experiments became available in healthy humans with the advance of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS)...
April 2, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534860/a-two-layer-self-organizing-map-with-vector-symbolic-architecture-for-spatiotemporal-sequence-learning-and-prediction
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thimal Kempitiya, Damminda Alahakoon, Evgeny Osipov, Sachin Kahawala, Daswin De Silva
We propose a new nature- and neuro-science-inspired algorithm for spatiotemporal learning and prediction based on sequential recall and vector symbolic architecture. A key novelty is the learning of spatial and temporal patterns as decoupled concepts where the temporal pattern sequences are constructed using the learned spatial patterns as an alphabet of elements. The decoupling, motivated by cognitive neuroscience research, provides the flexibility for fast and adaptive learning with dynamic changes to data and concept drift and as such is better suited for real-time learning and prediction...
March 13, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533724/atypical-co-development-of-the-thalamus-and-cortex-in-autism-evidence-from-age-related-white-gray-contrast-change
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gleb Bezgin, John D Lewis, Vladimir S Fonov, D Louis Collins, Alan C Evans
Recent studies have shown that white-gray contrast (WGC) of either cortical or subcortical gray matter provides for accurate predictions of age in typically developing (TD) children, and that, at least for the cortex, it changes differently with age in subjects with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) compared to their TD peers. Our previous study showed different patterns of contrast change between ASD and TD in sensorimotor and association cortices. While that study was confined to the cortex, we hypothesized that subcortical structures, particularly the thalamus, were involved in the observed cortical dichotomy between lower and higher processing...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532855/the-effect-of-uncertainty-training-on-the-improvement-of-diagnostic-ability-in-chinese-medical-students
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaomeng Xia, Yi Zeng, Pixiang Pi, Xianqing Wu, Xiaoling Fang, Jianlin Chen, Yan Zhong
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the uncertainty training on improvement of students' diagnostic ability. METHODS: Data were collected on 70 fifth-year medical students enrolled in the Case Discussion courses on Obstetrics and Gynecology in the spring of 2020. Of these students, 36 were in the uncertainty training group and 34 in the control group. The effect of training was evaluated by cognitively diagnostic assessment which mapped exam questions to 4 attributes assessing clinical reasoning and basic science knowledge...
2024: Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532432/implementing-and-evaluating-group-interpersonal-therapy-for-postnatal-depression-in-lebanon-and-kenya-individually-randomised-superiority-trial
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Fonagy, Rabih El Chammay, Carol Ngunu, Manasi Kumar, Lena Verdeli, Elizabeth Allison, Ghida Anani, Pasco Fearon, Fouad Fouad, Zoe Hoare, Lucina Koyio, Henrietta Moore, Andrew Nyandigisi, Stephen Pilling, Hannah Sender, Jolene Skordis, Rachel Evans, Gerard Joseph Abou Jaoude, Beatrice Madeghe, Sandra Pardi Arsen Maradian, Ciara O'Donnell, Elizabeth Simes, Alexandra Truscott, Grace Nduku Wambua, Obadia Yator
BACKGROUND: Depression ranks as the foremost mental health concern among childbearing women. Within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), between 20 and 25% of women encounter depression during pregnancy or soon after delivery. This condition impacts not only the mothers but also their offspring. Offspring of women suffering from postnatal depression (PND) exhibit suboptimal cognitive development and increased emotional and behavioural issues throughout their growth. This scenario becomes more pronounced in LMICs, where numerous adversities further jeopardise children's developmental progress...
March 26, 2024: Trials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532417/implementing-mind-mapping-in-small-group-learning-to-promote-student-engagement-in-the-medical-diagnostic-curriculum-a-pilot-study
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jieyu He, Bei Wu, Haiying Zhong, Junkun Zhan, Lanyan Zhu, Jie Zhang, Yi Zeng, Zhihong Li
BACKGROUND: Medical diagnostics is a pivotal bridge curriculum that receives much less attention from undergraduates in non-clinical medicine health profession programs with less student engagement and poor performance. Mind mapping is an active learning strategy for graphically presenting radiant thinking to culture clinical reasoning. The purpose of this study was to explore whether students' comprehensive diagnostic skills are enhanced through increased student engagement by employing mind mapping...
March 26, 2024: BMC Medical Education
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532024/a-precision-functional-atlas-of-personalized-network-topography-and-probabilities
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert J M Hermosillo, Lucille A Moore, Eric Feczko, Óscar Miranda-Domínguez, Adam Pines, Ally Dworetsky, Gregory Conan, Michael A Mooney, Anita Randolph, Alice Graham, Babatunde Adeyemo, Eric Earl, Anders Perrone, Cristian Morales Carrasco, Johnny Uriarte-Lopez, Kathy Snider, Olivia Doyle, Michaela Cordova, Sanju Koirala, Gracie J Grimsrud, Nora Byington, Steven M Nelson, Caterina Gratton, Steven Petersen, Sarah W Feldstein Ewing, Bonnie J Nagel, Nico U F Dosenbach, Theodore D Satterthwaite, Damien A Fair
Although the general location of functional neural networks is similar across individuals, there is vast person-to-person topographic variability. To capture this, we implemented precision brain mapping functional magnetic resonance imaging methods to establish an open-source, method-flexible set of precision functional network atlases-the Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas. This atlas is an evolving resource comprising 53,273 individual-specific network maps, from more than 9,900 individuals, across ages and cohorts, including the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the Developmental Human Connectome Project and others...
March 26, 2024: Nature Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38531160/alteration-in-left-frontoparietal-connectivity-correlates-with-impaired-cognitive-reappraisal-in-early-psychosis
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silvia Kyungjin Lho, Taekwan Kim, Sun-Young Moon, Minah Kim, Jun Soo Kwon
BACKGROUND: Impaired cognitive reappraisal is a notable symptom of early psychosis, but its neurobiological basis remains underexplored. We aimed to identify the underlying neurobiological mechanism of this impairment by using resting-state functional connectivity (FC) analyses focused on brain regions related to cognitive reappraisal. METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were collected from 36 first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients, 32 clinical high-risk (CHR) individuals, and 48 healthy controls (HCs)...
March 25, 2024: Schizophrenia Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530121/gray-matter-volume-associations-in-youth-with-adhd-features-of-inattention-and-hyperactivity-impulsivity
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gabrielle E Reimann, Hee Jung Jeong, E Leighton Durham, Camille Archer, Tyler M Moore, Fanual Berhe, Randolph M Dupont, Antonia N Kaczkurkin
BACKGROUND: Prior research has shown smaller cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes among individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, neuroimaging studies often do not differentiate between inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity, which are distinct core features of ADHD. The present study uses an approach to disentangle overlapping variance to examine the neurostructural heterogeneity of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. METHODS: We analyzed data from 10,692 9- to 10-year-old children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530116/gray-matter-atrophy-and-white-matter-lesions-burden-in-delayed-cognitive-decline-following-carbon-monoxide-poisoning
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanli Zhang, Tianhong Wang, Shuaiwen Wang, Xin Zhuang, Jianlin Li, Shunlin Guo, Junqiang Lei
Gray matter (GM) atrophy and white matter (WM) lesions may contribute to cognitive decline in patients with delayed neurological sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. However, there is currently a lack of evidence supporting this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the volume of GM, cortical thickness, and burden of WM lesions in 33 DNS patients with dementia, 24 DNS patients with mild cognitive impairment, and 51 healthy controls. Various methods, including voxel-based, deformation-based, surface-based, and atlas-based analyses, were used to examine GM structures...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528885/intra-v1-functional-networks-and-classification-of-observed-stimuli
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marlis Ontivero-Ortega, Jorge Iglesias-Fuster, Jhoanna Perez-Hidalgo, Daniele Marinazzo, Mitchell Valdes-Sosa, Pedro Valdes-Sosa
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies suggest that co-fluctuations in neural activity within V1 (measured with fMRI) carry information about observed stimuli, potentially reflecting various cognitive mechanisms. This study explores the neural sources shaping this information by using different fMRI preprocessing methods. The common response to stimuli shared by all individuals can be emphasized by using inter-subject correlations or de-emphasized by deconvolving the fMRI with hemodynamic response functions (HRFs) before calculating the correlations...
2024: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38528792/can-infants-retain-statistically-segmented-words-and-mappings-across-a-delay
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ferhat Karaman, Jill Lany, Jessica F Hay
Infants are sensitive to statistics in spoken language that aid word-form segmentation and immediate mapping to referents. However, it is not clear whether this sensitivity influences the formation and retention of word-referent mappings across a delay, two real-world challenges that learners must overcome. We tested how the timing of referent training, relative to familiarization with transitional probabilities (TPs) in speech, impacts English-learning 23-month-olds' ability to form and retain word-referent mappings...
March 2024: Cognitive Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527245/size-and-location-of-preterm-brain-injury-and-associations-with-neurodevelopmental-outcomes
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thiviya Selvanathan, Ting Guo, Steven Ufkes, Vann Chau, Helen Branson, Anne Synnes, Linh G Ly, Edmond N Kelly, Ruth E Grunau, Steven P Miller
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We examined associations of white matter injury (WMI) and periventricular hemorrhagic infarction (PVHI) volume and location with 18-month neurodevelopment in very preterm infants. METHODS: A total of 254 infants born <32 weeks' gestational age were prospectively recruited across 3 tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Infants underwent early-life (median 33.1 weeks) and/or term-equivalent-age (median 41.9 weeks) MRI. WMI and PVHI were manually segmented for quantification in 92 infants...
April 23, 2024: Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38527084/cortical-and-subcortical-mechanisms-of-orthographic-word-form-learning
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuan Tao, Teresa Schubert, Robert Wiley, Craig Stark, Brenda Rapp
We examined the initial stages of orthographic learning in real time as literate adults learned spellings for spoken pseudowords during fMRI scanning. Participants were required to learn and store orthographic word forms because the pseudoword spellings were not uniquely predictable from sound to letter mappings. With eight learning trials per word form, we observed changes in the brain's response as learning was taking place. Accuracy was evaluated during learning, immediately after scanning, and 1 week later...
March 22, 2024: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525215/concept-mapping-a-potential-pedagogical-strategy-to-foster-meaningful-learning-in-physiology-students
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Smita R Sorte, Suvarna Sande, Sachin B Rathod, Vinu A Vij, Jyotsna Gumashta, Gayatri Muthiyan, Ashwini Patil
BACKGROUND: Understanding of human physiology is critical for clinical practice and disease management. Escalating the teaching-learning method to improve conceptual knowledge may help the students to apply their knowledge in clinical scenarios. The present study was conducted to teach the use of concept mapping as a learning strategy to foster meaningful learning in physiology, compare its impact as a learning tool with traditional methods on meaningful learning, assess the cognitive gain, and find student's perception regarding concept mapping...
2024: Journal of Education and Health Promotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523024/prospective-randomized-pilot-trial-on-the-effects-of-mild-hypercapnia-on-cerebral-oxygen-saturation-in-patients-undergoing-off-pump-coronary-artery-bypass-grafting
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chanchal Bhandari, Hemang Gandhi, Anil Panwar, Maruti Haranal, Himani Pandya
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN: A single-center prospective randomized controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of targeted mild hypercapnia (TMH) on cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: A prospective randomized controlled study involving 100 patients undergoing off-pump CABG at U. N. Mehta Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. INTERVENTION: Patients were randomized to either the TMH (PaCO2 45-55 mmHg) or the targeted normocapnia (TN; PaCO2 35-45 mmHg) group, containing 50 patients in each group...
March 6, 2024: Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38522767/pain-relief-related-structural-brain-alterations-in-trigeminal-neuralgia-induced-by-non-invasive-stereotactic-radiosurgery-a-pilot-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jonas Kolodziej, Bogdan Pintea, Jan Patrick Boström, Burkhard Pleger
PURPOSE: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a devastating chronic pain disorder, defined by unilateral shock like pain in at least one division of the trigeminal nerve. Although several studies have investigated structural brain plasticity in TN patients, treatment-induced alterations remain largely uninvestigated. MATERIALS/METHODS: Combining T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and multiple-regression analyses, we assessed gray matter maps of TN patients to investigate changes in gray matter volume (GMV) from before to half a year after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)...
March 22, 2024: International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520640/intraoperative-mapping-and-preservation-of-executive-functions-in-awake-craniotomy-a-systematic-review
#18
REVIEW
Rabeet Tariq, Hafiza Fatima Aziz, Shahier Paracha, Noman Ahmed, Muhammad Waqas Saeed Baqai, Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Annabel McAtee, Timothy J Ainger, Farhan A Mirza, Syed Ather Enam
Awake craniotomy (AC) allows intraoperative brain mapping (ioBM) for maximum lesion resection while monitoring and preserving neurological function. Conventionally, language, visuospatial assessment, and motor functions are mapped, while the assessment of executive functions (EF) is uncommon. Impaired EF may lead to occupational, personal, and social limitations, thus, a compromised quality of life. A comprehensive literature search was conducted through Scopus, Medline, and Cochrane Library using a pre-defined search strategy...
March 23, 2024: Neurological Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520378/a-framework-for-quantifying-the-coupling-between-brain-connectivity-and-heartbeat-dynamics-insights-into-the-disrupted-network-physiology-in-parkinson-s-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Diego Candia-Rivera, Marie Vidailhet, Mario Chavez, Fabrizio De Vico Fallani
Parkinson's disease (PD) often shows disrupted brain connectivity and autonomic dysfunctions, progressing alongside with motor and cognitive decline. Recently, PD has been linked to a reduced sensitivity to cardiac inputs, that is, cardiac interoception. Altogether, those signs suggest that PD causes an altered brain-heart connection whose mechanisms remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the large-scale network disruptions and the neurophysiology of disrupted interoceptive mechanisms in PD. We focused on examining the alterations in brain-heart coupling in PD and their potential connection to motor symptoms...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38520377/higher-order-functional-connectivity-analysis-of-resting-state-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-data-using-multivariate-cumulants
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rikkert Hindriks, Tommy A A Broeders, Menno M Schoonheim, Linda Douw, Fernando Santos, Wessel van Wieringen, Prejaas K B Tewarie
Blood-level oxygenation-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is the most common modality to study functional connectivity in the human brain. Most research to date has focused on connectivity between pairs of brain regions. However, attention has recently turned towards connectivity involving more than two regions, that is, higher-order connectivity. It is not yet clear how higher-order connectivity can best be quantified. The measures that are currently in use cannot distinguish between pairwise (i...
April 2024: Human Brain Mapping
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