keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535236/a-comprehensive-assessment-of-ultraviolet-radiation-induced-mutations-in-flammulina-filiformis-using-whole-genome-resequencing
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qianhui Huang, Xing Han, Zongjun Tong, Youjin Deng, Luyu Xie, Shengrong Liu, Baogui Xie, Weirui Zhang
Nucleotide substitutions have played an important role in molecular evolution, and understanding their dynamics would contribute to genetic studies. Related research with defined DNA sequences lasted for decades until whole-genome sequencing arose. UV radiation (UVR) can generate base changes and other genetic variations in a short period of time, so it would be more meaningful to explore mutations caused by UVR from a genomic perspective. The monokaryon enoki strain WT583 was selected as the experimental material in this study because it can spontaneously produce large amounts of oidia on PDA plates, and the monokaryons originating from oidia have the same genotype as their mother monokaryon...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535190/forecasting-of-airborne-conidia-quantities-and-potential-insect-associations-of-cryphonectria-parasitica-the-causal-agent-of-chestnut-blight-in-england
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pedro Romon-Ochoa, Pankajini Samal, Tom Pace, Tim Newman, Mark Oram, Nicholas Baxter, John A S Manning, Mick Biddle, Kerry Barnard, Daegan Inward, Paul Taylor, Steven Hendry, Ana Pérez-Sierra, Lisa Ward
Sweet chestnut, an Asiatic tree introduced in many parts of Europe including the United Kingdom, is planted for nut production, timber, and amenity. Its major threat is the disease called blight, caused by the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica , which infects through wounds by airborne spores. Field trapping using sticky rods rotating traps was performed in an infected area in Devon (between May 2021 and April 2023). An improved dual hydrolysis Taqman probes real-time PCR was used. The number of spores was calculated by comparing the cycle threshold to the Ct of standards with known amounts of conidia or known target fragment copies cloned into a plasmid...
February 28, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535142/enhancing-deep-edge-detection-through-normalized-hadamard-product-fusion
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gang Hu, Conner Saeli
Deep edge detection is challenging, especially with the existing methods, like HED (holistic edge detection). These methods combine multiple feature side outputs (SOs) to create the final edge map, but they neglect diverse edge importance within one output. This creates a problem: to include desired edges, unwanted noise must also be accepted. As a result, the output often has increased noise or thick edges, ignoring important boundaries. To address this, we propose a new approach called the normalized Hadamard-product (NHP) operation-based deep network for edge detection...
February 29, 2024: Journal of Imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535066/comparison-of-disease-severity-classifications-of-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-gold-vs-star-in-clinical-practice
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Koichi Nishimura, Masaaki Kusunose, Ayumi Shibayama, Kazuhito Nakayasu
BACKGROUND: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there are two known classifications for assessing what is called disease severity. One is the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification, which is based on the post-bronchodilator value of FEV1 (% reference). The other is the STaging of Airflow obstruction by Ratio (STAR), with four grades of severity in subjects with an FEV1 /FVC ratio <0.70: STAR 1 ≥0.60 to <0.70, STAR 2 ≥0...
March 19, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535044/denguefog-a-fog-computing-enabled-weighted-random-forest-based-smart-health-monitoring-system-for-automatic-dengue-prediction
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashima Kukkar, Yugal Kumar, Jasminder Kaur Sandhu, Manjit Kaur, Tarandeep Singh Walia, Mohammed Amoon
Dengue is a distinctive and fatal infectious disease that spreads through female mosquitoes called Aedes aegypti. It is a notable concern for developing countries due to its low diagnosis rate. Dengue has the most astounding mortality level as compared to other diseases due to tremendous platelet depletion. Hence, it can be categorized as a life-threatening fever as compared to the same class of fevers. Additionally, it has been shown that dengue fever shares many of the same symptoms as other flu-based fevers...
March 15, 2024: Diagnostics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534943/impact-of-systemic-delays-for-patient-access-to-oncology-drugs-on-clinical-economic-and-quality-of-life-outcomes-in-canada-a-call-to-action
#26
REVIEW
Sandeep Sehdev, Joanna Gotfrit, Martine Elias, Barry D Stein
Canada has one of the most complex and rigorous drug approval and public reimbursement processes and is, unfortunately, one of the countries with the longest delays in drug access. To assess the overall impact of systemic delays in access to cancer therapy, a targeted literature review (TLR) was performed to identify studies associated with the clinical, economic, and quality of life impacts of delayed access to oncology drugs. Using MEDLINE/PubMed databases and snowballing, four unique records met the eligibility criteria...
March 11, 2024: Current Oncology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534827/tritrap-a-robotic-gripper-inspired-by-insect-tarsal-chains
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julian Winand, Thies H Büscher, Stanislav N Gorb
Gripping, holding, and moving objects are among the main functional purposes of robots. Ever since automation first took hold in society, optimizing these functions has been of high priority, and a multitude of approaches has been taken to enable cheaper, more reliable, and more versatile gripping. Attempts are ongoing to reduce grippers' weight, energy consumption, and production and maintenance costs while simultaneously improving their reliability, the range of eligible objects, working loads, and environmental independence...
February 26, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534793/dynamics-and-epigenetics-of-the-epidermal-differentiation-complex
#28
REVIEW
Wiesława Leśniak
Epidermis is the outer skin layer built of specialized cells called keratinocytes. Keratinocytes undergo a unique differentiation process, also known as cornification, during which their gene expression pattern, morphology and other properties change remarkably to the effect that the terminally differentiated, cornified cells can form a physical barrier, which separates the underlying tissues from the environment. Many genes encoding proteins that are important for epidermal barrier formation are located in a gene cluster called epidermal differentiation complex (EDC)...
February 29, 2024: Epigenomes
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534787/unveiling-the-molecular-mechanism-of-trastuzumab-resistance-in-skbr3-and-bt474-cell-lines-for-her2-positive-breast-cancer
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Kokot, Sachin Gadakh, Indrajit Saha, Ewa Gajda, Michał Łaźniewski, Somnath Rakshit, Kaustav Sengupta, Ayatullah Faruk Mollah, Michał Denkiewicz, Katarzyna Górczak, Jürgen Claesen, Tomasz Burzykowski, Dariusz Plewczynski
HER2-positive breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer among women worldwide. Generally, the molecular characteristics of this breast cancer include activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and hormone receptor activation. HER2-positive is associated with a higher death rate, which led to the development of a monoclonal antibody called trastuzumab, specifically targeting HER2. The success rate of HER2-positive breast cancer treatment has been increased; however, drug resistance remains a challenge...
March 21, 2024: Current Issues in Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534707/when-to-stop-antibiotics-in-the-critically-ill
#30
REVIEW
Nathan D Nielsen, James T Dean, Elizabeth A Shald, Andrew Conway Morris, Pedro Povoa, Jeroen Schouten, Nicholas Parchim
Over the past century, antibiotic usage has skyrocketed in the treatment of critically ill patients. There have been increasing calls to establish guidelines for appropriate treatment and durations of antibiosis. Antibiotic treatment, even when appropriately tailored to the patient and infection, is not without cost. Short term risks-hepatic/renal dysfunction, intermediate effects-concomitant superinfections, and long-term risks-potentiating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), are all possible consequences of antimicrobial administration...
March 18, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534567/wearable-12-lead-ecg-acquisition-using-a-novel-deep-learning-approach-from-frank-or-easi-leads-with-clinical-validation
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fan Fu, Dacheng Zhong, Jiamin Liu, Tianxiang Xu, Qin Shen, Wei Wang, Songsheng Zhu, Jianqing Li
The 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is crucial in assessing patient decisions. However, portable ECG devices capable of acquiring a complete 12-lead ECG are scarce. For the first time, a deep learning-based method is proposed to reconstruct the 12-lead ECG from Frank leads (VX , VY , and VZ ) or EASI leads (VES , VAS , and VAI ). The innovative ECG reconstruction network called M2Eformer is composed of a 2D-ECGblock and a ProbDecoder module. The 2D-ECGblock module adaptively segments EASI leads into multi-periods based on frequency energy, transforming the 1D time series into a 2D tensor representing within-cycle and between-cycle variations...
March 21, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534514/advancing-ocular-imaging-a-hybrid-attention-mechanism-based-u-net-model-for-precise-segmentation-of-sub-retinal-layers-in-oct-images
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Prakash Kumar Karn, Waleed H Abdulla
This paper presents a novel U-Net model incorporating a hybrid attention mechanism for automating the segmentation of sub-retinal layers in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images. OCT is an ophthalmology tool that provides detailed insights into retinal structures. Manual segmentation of these layers is time-consuming and subjective, calling for automated solutions. Our proposed model combines edge and spatial attention mechanisms with the U-Net architecture to improve segmentation accuracy. By leveraging attention mechanisms, the U-Net focuses selectively on image features...
February 28, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534437/post-traumatic-trigeminal-neuropathy-neurobiology-and-pathophysiology
#33
REVIEW
Tal Eliav, Rafael Benoliel, Olga A Korczeniewska
Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that may develop following injury to the trigeminal nerve. Etiologies include cranio-orofacial trauma that may result from dental, surgical, or anesthetic procedures or physical trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident. Following nerve injury, there are various mechanisms, including peripheral and central, as well as phenotypic changes and genetic predispositions that may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. In this article, we review current literature pertaining to the cellular processes that occur following traumatic damage to the trigeminal nerve, also called cranial nerve V, that results in chronic neuropathic pain...
March 4, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534378/deep-learning-powered-identification-of-differentiated-early-mesoderm-cells-from-pluripotent-stem-cells
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sakib Mohammad, Arpan Roy, Andreas Karatzas, Sydney L Sarver, Iraklis Anagnostopoulos, Farhan Chowdhury
Pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into all three germ-layers including ecto-, endo-, and mesoderm in vitro. However, the early identification and rapid characterization of each germ-layer in response to chemical and physical induction of differentiation is limited. This is a long-standing issue for rapid and high-throughput screening to determine lineage specification efficiency. Here, we present deep learning (DL) methodologies for predicting and classifying early mesoderm cells differentiated from embryoid bodies (EBs) based on cellular and nuclear morphologies...
March 18, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534371/protac-mediated-dual-degradation-of-bcl-xl-and-bcl-2-is-a-highly-effective-therapeutic-strategy-in-small-cell-lung-cancer
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sajid Khan, Lin Cao, Janet Wiegand, Peiyi Zhang, Maria Zajac-Kaye, Frederic J Kaye, Guangrong Zheng, Daohong Zhou
BCL-xL and BCL-2 are validated therapeutic targets in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Targeting these proteins with navitoclax (formerly ABT263, a dual BCL-xL/2 inhibitor) induces dose-limiting thrombocytopenia through on-target BCL-xL inhibition in platelets. Therefore, platelet toxicity poses a barrier in advancing the clinical translation of navitoclax. We have developed a strategy to selectively target BCL-xL in tumors, while sparing platelets, by utilizing proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) that hijack the cellular ubiquitin proteasome system for target ubiquitination and subsequent degradation...
March 17, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534324/functional-selectivity-of-cannabinoid-type-1-g-protein-coupled-receptor-agonists-in-transactivating-glycosylated-receptors-on-cancer-cells-to-induce-epithelial-mesenchymal-transition-metastatic-phenotype
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David A Bunsick, Jenna Matsukubo, Rashelle Aldbai, Leili Baghaie, Myron R Szewczuk
Understanding the role of biased G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonism in receptor signaling may provide novel insights into the opposing effects mediated by cannabinoids, particularly in cancer and cancer metastasis. GPCRs can have more than one active state, a phenomenon called either 'biased agonism', 'functional selectivity', or 'ligand-directed signaling'. However, there are increasing arrays of cannabinoid allosteric ligands with different degrees of modulation, called 'biased modulation', that can vary dramatically in a probe- and pathway-specific manner, not from simple differences in orthosteric ligand efficacy or stimulus-response coupling...
March 8, 2024: Cells
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534239/a-self-calibrated-single-wavelength-biosensor-for-measuring-oxygen-saturation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michal Katan, Ori Pearl, Alon Tzroya, Hamootal Duadi, Dror Fixler
Traditional methods for measuring blood oxygen use multiple wavelengths, which produce an intrinsic error due to ratiometric measurements. These methods assume that the absorption changes with the wavelength, but in fact the scattering changes as well and cannot be neglected. We found that if one measures in a specific angle around a cylindrical tissue, called the iso-pathlength (IPL) point, the reemitted light intensity is unaffected by the tissue's scattering. Therefore, the absorption can be isolated from the scattering, which allows the extraction of the subject's oxygen saturation...
March 4, 2024: Biosensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534131/effect-of-an-arsenic-mitigation-program-on-arsenic-exposure-in-american-indian-communities-a-cluster-randomized-controlled-trial-of-the-community-led-strong-heart-water-study-program
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christine Marie George, Tracy Zacher, Kelly Endres, Francine Richards, Lisa Bear Robe, David Harvey, Lyle G Best, Reno Red Cloud, Annabelle Black Bear, Leslie Skinner, Christa Cuny, Ana Rule, Kellogg J Schwab, Joel Gittelsohn, Ronald Alexander Glabonjat, Kathrin Schilling, Marcia O'Leary, Elizabeth D Thomas, Jason Umans, Jianhui Zhu, Lawrence H Moulton, Ana Navas-Acien
BACKGROUND: Chronic arsenic exposure has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease; diabetes; cancers of the lung, pancreas and prostate; and all-cause mortality in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study. OBJECTIVE: The Strong Heart Water Study (SHWS) designed and evaluated a multilevel, community-led arsenic mitigation program to reduce arsenic exposure among private well users in partnership with Northern Great Plains American Indian Nations...
March 2024: Environmental Health Perspectives
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534012/feasibility-of-a-novel-atrial-mechanical-sensing-method-for-leadless-atrioventricular-synchronous-pacing
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuichiro Kazawa, Chifumi Kazawa, Tomoko Sakaida, Hidetaka Murakami, Yasuyuki Takada, Takahiro Kusume, Muryo Terasawa, Nobuhiro Tanaka, Kazuhiro Satomi, Yoshinao Yazaki
INTRODUCTION: Few studies have demonstrated a high degree of atrioventricular (AV) synchrony with a new leadless pacemaker called Micra AV. Our group previously reported a new and unique sensing method. We believe that this novel sensing method, "Simplified A3 method," might facilitate better AV synchrony than a conventional sensing method in almost all cases with Micra AV implantation. METHODS: We conducted a non-randomized retrospective study comparing the two pacing methods at two centers...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533825/the-effect-of-an-electronic-medical-record-based-clinical-decision-support-system-on-adherence-to-clinical-protocols-in-inflammatory-bowel-disease-care-interrupted-time-series-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reed Taylor Sutton, Kaitlyn Delaney Chappell, David Pincock, Daniel Sadowski, Daniel C Baumgart, Karen Ivy Kroeker
BACKGROUND: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) embedded in electronic medical records (EMRs), also called electronic health records, have the potential to improve the adoption of clinical guidelines. The University of Alberta Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group developed a CDSS for patients with IBD who might be experiencing disease flare and deployed it within a clinical information system in 2 continuous time periods. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the IBD CDSS on the adherence of health care providers (ie, physicians and nurses) to institutionally agreed clinical management protocols...
March 22, 2024: JMIR Medical Informatics
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