"Hung O"

AIMS: By discussing the mental health challenges faced by left-behind children, this article recommends or comments on existing social protection policies that can affect left-behind children's mental health at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels to holistically understand how a range of parties can jointly socially include left-behind children, a process which is conducive to the latter's mental health development. METHODS: J.H. carried out a systematic review by searching through the English bibliographical databases Google Scholar, Web of Science and Scopus, in addition to Chinese bibliographic databases CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodicals...

We compared the McGrath® Series 5 videolaryngoscope with the Macintosh laryngoscope in a simulated difficult airway, using manual in-line stabilisation in 88 anaesthestised patients of ASA physical status 1-2. The primary outcome was laryngoscopic view. Secondary outcomes included rates of successful tracheal intubation and complications. A Cormack and Lehane grade-1 or -2 view was found in all patients when using the McGrath compared with 45 (51%, p < 0.0001) using the Macintosh laryngoscopes. The mean (SD) percentage of glottic opening was 82 (23)% using the McGrath compared with 13 (23)% using the Macintosh (p < 0...

The main function of antibiotics is related to their capacity to eliminate a microorganism. In addition to the antimicrobial function of antibiotics, they are known to have anti-inflammatory and vasomodulatory effects on the microcirculation. The ability of non-antimicrobial derivatives of antibiotics to control inflammation illustrates the distinct anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory roles of antibiotics. In this review, we discuss the impact of antibiotics on leukocyte recruitment and the state of the microcirculation...

We compared the work needed to retract a non-lubricated and a lubricated stylet from a tracheal tube over 24 h. Stylets were lubricated with sterile water, silicone fluid, lidocaine spray, lidocaine gel, MedPro(®) lubricating gel or Lacri-Lube(®). The mean (SD) work in joules needed to retract the stylet by 5 cm from the tracheal tube was recorded immediately (time 0), at 5 and 30 min and at 1, 3 and 24 h. At time 0 lubrication with sterile water (0.53 (0.09); p = 0.001), silicone fluid (0.43 (0.10); p < 0...

Disturbance of capillary perfusions due to leukocyte adhesion, disseminated intravascular coagulation, tissue edema is critical components in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Alterations in brain microcirculation during sepsis are not clearly understood. The aim of this study is to gain an improved understanding of alterations through direct visualization of brain microcirculations in an experimental endotoxemia using intravital microscopy (IVM). Endotoxemia was induced in Lewis rats with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 15 mg/kg i...

We examined the light intensity delivered by the Trachlight™ reusable lightwand and the effect of repeated sterilisation on this light intensity. Using a light meter and test chamber, the light intensity of 12 new Trachlights and 31 Trachlights available in operating theatres was measured. In addition, five new devices underwent 30 repeated sterilisations with light intensity measurement after each cleaning. There was no difference between the light intensity of new Trachlights (median (IQR [range]) 2282 (2202-2780 [1970-4400])) lux and the devices currently in service (2295 (2018-2796 [1649-3280]) lux (p = 0...

KKP723 (KKP), a derivative of ampicillin, is a newly developed beta-lactam antibiotic. Using an experimental endotoxemia model, the intestinal microcirculation in four groups of animals were evaluated using intravital microscopy (IVM). The groups included were a control group, an endotoxemic group (15 mg/kg i.v. LPS from E. coli), an ampicillin (50 mg/kg i.v.) treated endotoxemic group and an endotoxemic group treated with KKP (67.4 mg/kg i.v.). Ampicillin treatment resulted in a significant reduced number of firmly adhering leukocytes in intestinal submucosal venules...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To define the dose-response relationship of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) above the conventional tumoricidal dose level of 66 Gy when the basic radiotherapy (RT) course was given by the 2D Ho's technique. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data from all five regional cancer centers in Hong Kong were pooled for this retrospective study. All patients (n = 2426) were treated with curative-intent RT with or without chemotherapy between 1996 and 2000 with the basic RT course using the Ho's technique...

OBJECTIVES: To characterize the homeless adult population of an urban emergency department (ED) and study the medical, psychiatric, and social factors that contribute to homelessness. METHODS: A prospective, case-control survey of all homeless adult patients presenting to an urban, tertiary care ED and a random set of non-homeless controls over an eight-week period during summer 1999. Research assistants administered a 50-item questionnaire and were trained in assessing dentition and triceps skin-fold thickness...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: About 1% to 3% of laryngoscopic intubations can be difficult or impossible. Light-guided intubation has been proven to be an effective, safe, and simple technique. This article reviews current knowledge about the newer version lightwand: the Trachlight (TL). SOURCE: To determine its clinical utility and limitations, we reviewed the current literature (book and journal articles) on the TL since its introduction in 1995. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: TL has been shown to be useful both in oral and nasal intubation for patients with difficult airways...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine if the Trachlight lightwand can facilitate Fastrach intubation by guiding the tip of the endotracheal tube into the trachea. DESIGN: Open-label, prospective, randomized, comparative study. SETTING: General operating suites of a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS: 172 elective surgical patients requiring general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. INTERVENTIONS: With general anesthesia, the Fastrach, which is a new intubating laryngeal mask airway, was inserted into the oropharynx...

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of lightwand-guided tracheal puncture for percutaneous tracheostomy. METHODS: The desired puncture site was marked on the skin of the anterior neck. A lightwand (Trachlight) was inserted into the patient's endotracheal tube (ETT), so that the number indicator on the lightwand matched the number indicator of the ETT of the patient. At this position, the light bulb of the lightwand was exactly placed at the tip of the endotracheal tube...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

PURPOSE: To quantify the effects of graded head rotation and elevation on intracranial pressure (ICP) in neurosurgical patients, before and after induction of general anesthesia. METHODS: Patients with supratentorial tumours (n=12), scheduled for craniotomy with planned ICP monitoring, underwent baseline ICP measurements awake and supine (0 degrees rotation and elevation). Incremental degrees of head rotation (15 degrees) and of head elevation (10 degrees) were performed independently and in combination...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the patient through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical anemia, fever, and jaundice in an ED or hospitalized patient...

PURPOSE: To determine the steady-state plasma concentrations of diltiazem (DTZ) and hemodynamic effect in humans at rest and during exercise. METHODS: Healthy volunteers (10 F, mean age 22, and 11 M, mean age 24) were recruited. Prior to receiving DTZ, each volunteer performed two 3-minute stages of treadmill exercise according to the Bruce protocol. Intra-arterial BP and ECG recordings were obtained before, during and immediately post exercise. Each volunteer then received DTZ 60 mg qid for one week...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility and safety of orotracheal intubation in adult patients with simulated difficult airways using the Bullard Laryngoscope (BL). METHODS: A rigid cervical collar was used to simulate the difficult airway. The study consisted of two phases. Phase I evaluated the BL used in conjunction with an independently styletted endotracheal tube (ISETT) passed freehand into the trachea. Phase II evaluated the new Multifunctional Intubating Stylet (MFIS)...

In this randomized, double-blind study, we have compared the ability of 5% liposome-encapsulated tetracaine (amethocaine) (LET) vs 5% eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) to produce local anaesthesia of intact skin in 40 healthy volunteers. Volunteers had both preparations applied to their forearms under an occlusive dressing for 1 h. Superficial anaesthesia was measured by a total of nine 1-mm pinpricks on each arm. Deeper anaesthesia was assessed by single insertion of a sterile 22-gauge needle to a depth of 3 mm and pain was reported on a visual analogue scale (VAS)...