Nspef

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) modulated by various exogenous signals have been applied extensively in regenerative medicine research. Notably, nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs), characterized by short duration and high strength, significantly influence cell phenotypes and regulate MSCs differentiation via multiple pathways. Consequently, we used transcriptomics to study changes in messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and circular RNA expression during nsPEFs application...

Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments...

Although electric field-induced cell membrane permeabilization (electroporation) is used in a wide range of clinical applications from cancer therapy to cardiac ablation, the cellular- and molecular-level details of the processes that determine the success or failure of these treatments are poorly understood. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)-based tumor therapies are known to have an immune component, but whether and how immune cells sense the electroporative damage and respond to it have not been demonstrated...

CD103+ DC is crucial for antitumor immune response. As a promising local therapy on cancers, nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has been widely reported to stimulate anti-tumor immune response, but the underlying relationship between intratumoral CD103+ DC and nsPEF treatment remains enigmatic. Here, we focused on the behavior of CD103+ DC in response to nsPEF treatment and explored the underlying mechanism. We found that the nsPEF treatment led to the activation and accumulation of CD103+ DC in tumor...

Autologous human fibroblasts have the potential to differentiate into the osteogenic lineage under specific conditions and can be utilized for bone regeneration. However, their efficiency is currently unsatisfactory. Recently, low-intensity nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) stimulation has been demonstrated to enhance cell pluripotency by activating epigenetic regulatory pathways. In this study, human dermal fibroblasts were exposed to different intensities of nsPEF to assess whether these exposures resulted in changes in proliferation rate, calcium salt deposition, and expression of differentiation-related markers in different experimental groups...

Drug delivery using nanosecond pulsed electric fields is a new branch of electroporation-based treatments, which potentially can substitute European standard operating procedures for electrochemotherapy. In this work, for the first time, we characterize the effects of ultra-fast repetition frequency (1-2.5 MHz) nanosecond pulses (5-9 kV/cm, 200 and 400 ns) in the context of nano-electrochemotherapy with calcium. Additionally, we investigate the feasibility of bipolar symmetric (↑200 ns + ↓200 ns) and asymmetric (↑200 ns + ↓400 ns) nanosecond protocols for calcium delivery...

Checkpoint molecules such as PD-1, LAG-3, and TIM-3 are currently under extensive investigation for their roles in the attenuation of the immune response in cancer. Various methods have been applied to overcome the challenges in this field. This study investigated the effects of nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) treatment on the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in A375 and C32 melanoma cells. The researchers found that the nsPEF treatment was able to enhance membrane permeabilization and morphological changes in the cell membrane without being cytotoxic...

Recent studies showed that nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) can activate voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) and trigger action potentials (APs) in excitable cells. Under physiological conditions, VGICs' activation takes place on time scales of the order 10-100 µs. These time scales are considerably longer than the applied pulse duration, thus activation of VGICs by nsPEFs remains puzzling and there is no clear consensus on the mechanisms involved. Here we propose that changes in local electrical properties of the cell membrane due to lipid oxidation might be implicated in AP activation...

Cellular response upon nsPEF exposure depends on different parameters, such as pulse number and duration, the intensity of the electric field, pulse repetition rate (PRR), pulsing buffer composition, absorbed energy, and local temperature increase. Therefore, a deep insight into the impact of such parameters on cellular response is paramount to adaptively optimize nsPEF treatment. Herein, we examined the effects of nsPEF ≤ 10 ns on long-term cellular viability and growth as a function of pulse duration (2-10 ns), PRR (20 and 200 Hz), cumulative time duration (1-5 µs), and absorbed electrical energy density (up to 81 mJ/mm3 in sucrose-containing low-conductivity buffer and up to 700 mJ/mm3 in high-conductivity HBSS buffer)...

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) involves combining anticancer drugs with electroporation, which is induced by pulsed electric fields (PEFs), while the effects vary in effectiveness based on the specific parameters of the electrical pulses and susceptibility of the cells to a specific drug. In this work, we utilized conventional microsecond electroporation protocols (0.8 - 1.5 kV/cm x 100 μs x 8, 1 Hz) and the new modality of nanosecond pulses (4 and 8 kV/cm x 500 ns x 100, 1 kHz and 1 MHz), which are compressed into a high frequency burst...

High-intensity nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEF) can preferentially induce various effects, most notably regulated cell death and tumor elimination. These effects have almost exclusively been shown to be associated with nsPEF waveforms defined by pulse duration, rise time, amplitude (electric field), and pulse number. Other factors, such as low-intensity post-pulse waveform, have been completely overlooked. In this study, we show that post-pulse waveforms can alter the cell responses produced by the primary pulse waveform and can even elicit unique cellular responses, despite the primary pulse waveform being nearly identical...

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) are a pulsed power technology known for ablating tumors, but they also modulate diverse biological mechanisms. Here we show that nsPEFs regulate trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET) rates in the plasma membrane redox system (PMRS) shown as a reduction of the cell-impermeable, WST-8 tetrazolium dye. At lower charging conditions, nsPEFs enhance, and at higher charging conditions inhibit tPMET in H9c2 non-cancerous cardiac myoblasts and 4T1-luc breast cancer cells...

Previous work demonstrated inactivation of influenza virus by GHz frequency electromagnetic fields. Despite theoretical and experimental results, the underlying mechanism driving this inactivation remains unknown. One hypothesis is that the electromagnetic field is causing damage to the virion membrane (and therefore changing spike protein orientation) rendering the virus unable to attach and infect host cells. Towards examining this hypothesis, our group employed nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) as a surrogate to radiofrequency (RF) exposure to enable exploration of dose response thresholds of electric field-induced viral membrane damage...

Nanosecond pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma jets (ns-APPJs) produce reactive plasma species, including charged particles and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which can induce oxidative stress in biological cells. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) has also been found to cause permeabilization of cell membranes and induce apoptosis or cell death. Combining the treatment of ns-APPJ and nsPEF may enhance the effectiveness of cancer cell inactivation with only moderate doses of both treatments...

This study takes a step in understanding the physiological implications of the nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) by integrating molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning techniques. nsPEF, a state-of-the-art technology, uses high-voltage electric field pulses with a nanosecond duration to modulate cellular activity. This investigation reveals a relatively new and underexplored phenomenon: protein-mediated electroporation. Our research focused on the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of the NaV1...

Exposure of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) to live cells is an increasing research interest in biology and medicine. Despite extensive studies, a question still remains as to how effects of application of nsPEF on intracellular functions are different between cancerous cells and normal cells and how the difference can be detected. Herein, we have presented an approach of autofluorescence lifetime (AFL) microscopy of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) to detect effects of application of nsPEF having 50 ns of a pulse width, nsPEF(50), on intracellular function in lung cancerous cells, A549 and H661, which show nsPEF(50)-induced apoptosis, and normal cells, MRC-5, in which the field effect is less or not induced...

The study was aimed at identifying endogenous proteins which assist or impede the permeabilized state in the cell membrane disrupted by nsEP (20 or 40 pulses, 300 ns width, 7 kV/cm). We employed a LentiArray CRISPR library to generate knockouts (KOs) of 316 genes encoding for membrane proteins in U937 human monocytes stably expressing Cas9 nuclease. The extent of membrane permeabilization by nsEP was measured by the uptake of Yo-Pro-1 (YP) dye and compared to sham-exposed KOs and control cells transduced with a non-targeting (scrambled) gRNA...

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) have emerged as a new treatment for cancer. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of nsPEFs in the treatment of HCC and analyze the alterations in the gut microbiome and serum metabonomics after ablation. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: healthy control mice ( n = 10), HCC mice ( n = 10), and nsPEF-treated HCC mice ( n = 23)...

BACKGROUND: The mortality of patients infected with hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) was higher. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs) on HAE in rats and explore the related molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Establishment of HAE rat model and the lesions were treated with nsPEFs. The RNA of lesions in the high voltage nsPEFs treatment group and model group were extracted, and lncRNA and mRNA sequence analyses was performed...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a refractory tumor, and therapeutic options are very limited. Local ablation has been applied recently. Chemokines play a critical role in the recruitment of immune cells into ablative tumors. Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) shows potential anti-tumor efficacy, but the mechanism for maintaining the immune effect is not very clear. Here, we applied nsPEF for treating 4T1 breast cancer cells in vitro. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was applied. Anti-CXCL9 was used alone or combined with nsPEF to treat triple-negative breast cancer in mice...