Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the profile of organisms causing neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in recent years. METHODS: In this prospective study, authors included neonates with blood culture proven sepsis. Antibiotic resistance patterns that were identified were extended spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC β-lactamase and possible carbapenamase producer. Xpert CARBA-R test was performed to identify genes causing carbapenem resistance. RESULTS: There were 210 neonates with 216 episodes of blood culture proven sepsis...

Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and pneumonia is the most common cause of sepsis in humans. Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are associated with an increased risk of death from sepsis, and increasing levels of HDL-C by inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) decreases mortality from intraabdominal polymicrobial sepsis in APOE*3-Leiden.CETP mice. Here, we show that treatment with the CETP inhibitor (CETPi) anacetrapib reduced mortality from Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced sepsis in APOE*3-Leiden...

This study aimed to provide data for the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the molecular characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in China. We conducted a multi-center prospective study for IPD in 19 hospitals across China from January 2019 to December 2021. Data of demographic characteristics, risk factors for IPD, death, and disability was collected and analyzed. Serotypes, antibiotic susceptibility, and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) of pneumococcal isolates were also detected...

BACKGROUND: The Vi-diphtheria toxoid typhoid conjugate vaccine (Vi-DT) has shown promising results in preventing typhoid fever in children under 2 years of age. However, a thorough assessment of its safety and immunogenicity is required to inform vaccination strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the safety and immunogenicity of Vi-DT in children below 2 years. METHODS: We systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, for relevant studies published up to September 2023...

BACKGROUND: Due to the growing resistance to routinely used antibiotics, the search for new antibiotics or their combinations with effective inhibitors against multidrug-resistant microorganisms is ongoing. In our study, we assessed the in vitro drug susceptibility of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing New Delhi metallo-β-lactamases (NDM) to antibiotics included in the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) recommendations...

OBJECTIVE:  There is limited data on the pathogenic microorganisms associated with anorectal abscesses. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze the types and quantities of pathogenic microorganisms in the pus cultures of patients with anorectal abscesses and to explore the correlation between pathogenic microorganisms and types of anorectal abscesses. METHODS:  A retrospective analysis was conducted on the microbiological data of 517 inpatient surgical patients with anorectal abscesses treated at a single center from January 2017 to December 2021...

Leukostasis is a non-infectious complication of acute leukemia. Pathophysiologically, it is characterized by an accumulation of blasts in the pulmonary capillaries. Clinically, this syndrome of hyperleukocytosis or leucocytosis leads to pulmonary and/or neurological lesions. This is why it must be treated urgently to prevent it from progressing to acute respiratory distress. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, which may cause respiratory distress or other clinical, biological, and radiological signs that some may confuse with those of leukostasis...

Introduction Marine actinobacteria are promising sources of novel bioactive compounds due to their distinct ecological niches and diverse secondary metabolite production capabilities. Among these,  Microbispora  sp. T3S11 is notable for its unique spore chain structure, which allows for both morphological and genetic identification. Despite its potential, little is understood about the secondary metabolites produced by this strain. In this study, we hope to fill this gap by extracting and analyzing the antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from  Microbispora  sp...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, commonly known as COVID-19, has been associated with various neurological complications. However, the mechanisms underlying these neurological manifestations remain incompletely understood. We present a case of a 63-year-old male who was admitted to the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Following recovery from respiratory symptoms, he was found to have weakness in the limbs. Months later, he also developed altered mental status, hallucinations, and behavioral changes...

Diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasingly challenging, especially with the emergence of atypical pathogens such as  Mycoplasma pneumoniae  and  Legionella pneumophila . This report presents the case of a 60-year-old male exhibiting lethargy and decreased oral intake, with a medical history marked by chronic kidney disease and benign prostate hyperplasia. Despite a positive  Legionella  urine antigen, the clinical and radiological profile did not align with  Legionella  pneumonia...

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that poses a significant threat to the effective treatment of bacterial infections. Enterobacteriaceae , a family of gram-negative bacteria, are associated with a wide range of infections, including urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, and respiratory tract infections. This systematic review aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance trend among Enterobacteriaceae in Saudi Arabia in the period between 2003 and 2023. Five databases (PubMed, Medline, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane) were searched using the keywords "Resistance AND Enterobacteriaceae AND Saudi Arabia" in the title and abstract...

Background Rates of COVID-19 hospitalization are an important measure of the health system burden of severe COVID-19 disease and have been closely followed throughout the pandemic. The highly transmittable, but often less severe, Omicron COVID-19 variant has led to an increase in hospitalizations with incidental COVID-19 diagnoses where COVID-19 is not the primary reason for admission. There is a strong public health need for a measure that is implementable at low cost with standard electronic health record (EHR) datasets that can separate these incidental hospitalizations from non-incidental hospitalizations where COVID-19 is the primary cause or an important contributor...

PURPOSE: This retrospective study describes the imaging findings on chest computed tomography (CT) scans of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients as well as the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis and the potential risk factors for the disease. METHODS: One of the major COVID-19 centers in the western province of Saudi Arabia, the King Abdullah Medical Complex in Jeddah, was the site of this study. All adult COVID-19 patients who got a CT chest scan between January 2020 and April 2022 were included in the trial...

Our study aimed to assess the benefit of intrapleural fibrinolysis before resorting to surgery to treat complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema. We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study, including all patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the Abderhaman Mami hospital, Tunisia for empyema treated with instillation of intrapleural fibrinolytic therapy between the 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2016. In all patients, empyema was diagnosed on clinical features, imaging findings (chest X-ray, thoracic echography and/or computed tomography (CT), and microbiological data...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolated from patients with bloodstream infections in a large tertiary-care general hospital in Southwest China. METHODS: A total of 131 strains of non-repeating CRKP were collected from the blood cultures of patients who had bloodstream infections in 2015-2019. The strains were identified by VITEK-2, a fully automated microbial analyzer, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry...

OBJECTIVE: To construct a deep learning-based target detection method to help radiologists perform rapid diagnosis of lesions in the CT images of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) by restoring detailed information and mining local information. METHODS: We present a deep learning approach that integrates detail upsampling and attention guidance. A linear upsampling algorithm based on bicubic interpolation algorithm was adopted to improve the restoration of detailed information within feature maps during the upsampling phase...

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. From 1983 to 2022, Taiwan performed more than 10,000 HSCT transplants. The Taiwan Blood and Marrow Transplantation Registry collects clinical information to gather everyone's experience and promote the advances of HSCT in Taiwan to gather everyone's experience and promote advances of HSCT in Taiwan. Compared with matched sibling donors, transplants from matched unrelated donors exhibited a trend of superior survival...

A 26-year-old male with Behçet's disease (BD) presented with recurrent oral and genital ulcers, bilateral pneumonia, and a left lower pulmonary artery aneurysm. Endovascular coil embolization was initially performed, followed by treatment with prednisone, colchicine, and azathioprine. Despite treatment, disease progression occurred, requiring additional embolization, intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, and cyclophosphamide. Ultimately, a combination of medical and endovascular interventions resolved the pulmonary arterial aneurysms...

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of open-access bioinformatics tools capable of simultaneously analyzing both microbial and AMR gene sequences. To address this need, we developed the Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID) AMR module, an open-access, cloud-based workflow designed to integrate detection of both microbes and AMR genes in mNGS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic, frequently multidrug-resistant pathogen that can cause severe infections in hospitalized patients. Antibodies against the PA virulence factor, PcrV, protect from death and disease in a variety of animal models. However, clinical trials of PcrV-binding antibody-based products have thus far failed to demonstrate benefit. Prior candidates were derivations of antibodies identified using protein-immunized animal systems and required extensive engineering to optimize binding and/or reduce immunogenicity...