vena cerebri magna

RATIONALE: Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by loss-of-function variants in the Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F Member 1 (NR2F1). Here, we report a case of fetal BBSOAS. The fetus is typically featured by bilateral ventricle widening in the late second trimester, meanwhile, a 7.94-Mb deletion fragment on 5q14.3q15 involving the whole NR2F1 gene was confirmed by copy number variation sequencing (CNV-Seq) combined with karyotyping analysis...

BACKGROUND: Hemodynamic alterations of extracranial veins are considered an etiologic factor in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, ultrasound and MRI studies could not confirm a pathophysiological link. Because of technical challenges using standard diagnostics, information about the involvement of superficial intracranial veins in proximity to the affected brain in MS is scarce. PURPOSE: To comprehensively investigate the hemodynamics of intracranial veins and of the venous outflow tract in MS patients and controls...

The morphological relationships of the pineal complex to the epithalamic structures have been examined at light microscopic level in five desert rodent species, Meriones crassus, Meriones lybicus, Gerbillus gerbillus, Psammomys obesus and Ctenodactylus vali. The pineal complex is classified as type ABC in M. crassus and G. gerbillus, AC in M. lybicus, AbetaC in P. obesus and alphabetaC in C. vali. In these rodent species, the pineal is an elongated organ which is dumbbell-shaped in G. gerbillus and M. lybicus, and extends above the cerebral hemispheres in M...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cases of 2 fetuses with aneurysms of the vein of Galen diagnosed prenatally. METHODS: The techniques used were conventional sonography, three-dimensional sonography, and ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging. On the basis of these imaging modalities, prognostic factors, such as drainage and secondary damage, were assessed. RESULTS: The first fetus had good prognostic indices, and embolization after birth was successful...

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Two cases of venous strokes diagnosed on autopsy of fixed brain are described, one in a 54-years-old female with diabetes and hypertension, and another in a 78-years-old female. In both cases the course of the disease was very dramatic and in both thrombosis of the vena cerebri magna was found.

The heads of 28 non-hypoxic, full-term infants of normal gravidas delivered by forceful vacuum extraction were examined with ultrasound during the early neonatal period. All echographic findings were normal and all neonates had an uneventful evolution during the first week of life. Addendum: Since this article was completed, a massive intracranial haemorrhage occurred in a non-hypoxic full-term newborn after elective midpelvic vacuum extraction. The intervention was performed by a resident who, despite the guidelines did not call the senior obstetrician after three unsuccessful attempts to extract the fetus...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Arachnoid granulations are not always present in lower mammals and primate newborns. In order to visualize the route for the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to drain into the venous system, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the lateral ventricle or cisterna cerebellomedullaris of the mouse and rat. From 30 to 60 min after the commencing of a slow infusion for 15-30 min of 0.05-0.1 ml solution containing 10-20 mg HRP, the mouse, whose skull had been exposed, was dropped into cold acetone at dry ice temperature; other animals were fixed by perfusion with aldehyde solution...

The topographical distribution of the blood vessels in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (NIST) has been mapped in rats. Arteries and veins were visualized in red and blue by using a double-ink perfusion technique. Arteries supplying the NIST arise from the anterior cerebral artery directly or through the anterior communicating and interhemispheric arteries. Only a few, dorsal branches derive from the medial cerebral artery through thalamostriatal arteries. According to their terminal branches, NIST arteries can be divided into five groups: medial, ventral, lateral, septal and dorsal, which have only a relatively small overlap in their territories...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The pineal complex of rodents is made up of a pineal gland which developmentally always originates from the area between the habenular and posterior commissure and a pineal sac which is continuous with the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. At the light-microscopic level, this sac appears to be identical to the choroid plexus. The pineal sac abuts the deep and superficial pineal glands of the golden hamster. In the PET mouse, gerbil, kangaroo rat, and Chinese hamster, the sac is contiguous with only small areas of the pineal gland...