XiO

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial for melanoma cells to escape keratinocyte control, invade underlying dermal tissues, and metastasize to distant organs. The hallmark of EMT is the switch from epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) to neural cadherin (N-cadherin), allowing melanoma cells to form a homotypic N-cadherin-mediated adhesion with stromal fibroblasts. However, how "cadherin switching" is initiated, maintained, and regulated in melanoma remains unknown. Here, we show that upon Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) ablation in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), the progression of a BRAF-mutant mouse melanoma was significantly suppressed in vivo , and overexpressing YAP1 in CAFs accelerated melanoma growth...

BACKGROUND/AIM: In vivo dosimetry can prevent dose delivery errors by directly measuring the dose of radiation administered to a patient. However, a method for in vivo dosimetry during carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) has not been established. Therefore, we investigated data from in vivo dosimetry of the urethra during CIRT for prostate cancer using small spherical diode dosimeters (SSDDs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included five patients enrolled in a clinical trial (jRCT identifier: jRCTs032190180) on which the use of four-fraction CIRT for prostate cancer was examined...

Occupational radiation exposure monitoring is well-established in clinical or industrial environments with various different dosimeter systems. Despite the availability of many dosimetry methods and devices, a challenge with the occasional exposure registration, which may occur due to the spilling of radioactive materials or splitting of these materials in the environment, still exists, because not every individual will have an appropriate dosimeter at the time of the irradiation event. The aim of this work was to develop radiation-sensitive films-color-changing radiation indicators, which can be attached to or integrated in the textile...

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of inhomogeneity corrections calculated by radiotherapy treatment planning system (TPS) using various densities of materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gammex Computed tomography electron density inserts (EDI's; 14 no's) were used to generate the CT to ED curve with high speed GE CT scanner by noting down the respective HU values of each rod. Treatment plans were generated in XiO TPS with three inhomogeneous phantoms (comprising combination of water, lung and bone equivalent slabs) with different field sizes and for EDI (8 no's) inserted in slots of acrylic tray and validation was carried out using 2D array detector with 20cm×20cm field size for 200 MU...

This study aimed to explore the correlation between CYP2C9 gene polymorphism and warfarin dose in Chinese Han patients with coronary heart disease. The selection was made to the analysis of blood coagulation test of Chinese Han ethnic group, 200 cases of coronary heart disease patients as target group, the patients were satisfied taking warfarin INR target (in the range of 2.0 ~ 3.0), the other to select 200 cases proved by physical examination health as health group. The warfarin dose and the clinical laboratory INR after warfarin administration were taken, and the DNA of the patients was extracted and tested...

Background: Study determines differences in calculated dose distributions for non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSC LC) patients. NSC LC cases were investigated, being the most common lung cancer treated by radiotherapy in our clinical practice. Materials and methods: A retrospective study of 15 NSCLC patient dose distributions originally calculated using standard superposition (SS) and recalculated using collapsed cone (CC ) and Monte Carlo (MC) based algorithm expressed as dose to medium in medium (MCDm ) and dose to water in medium (MCDw, ) was performed so that prescribed dose covers at least 99% of the gross target volume (GTV)...

There are no studies on the risk factors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) after carbon-ion radiotherapy at a dose of 50 Gy (relative biological effectiveness (RBE)) in a single fraction. The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with RP after radiotherapy, including dose-volume parameters. Ninety-eight patients without a history of thoracic radiotherapy who underwent treatment for solitary lung tumors between July 2013 and April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment was planned using Xio-N...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: A recent study has shown that tight conformity of lung Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) plans might worsen loco-regional control and can predict distant metastases. The study aims to report overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local recurrence free survival (LRFS), and dosimetry of early-stage lung cancer patients treated with SABR and to try to explore any dosimetric predictor of outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients treated in our institute (May 2009-August 2018) were included...

BACKGROUND: The Integral Quality Monitor (IQM® ) can essentially measure the integral fluence through a segment and provide real-time information about the accuracy of radiation delivery based on comparisons of measured segment signals and pre-calculated reference values. However, the present IQM chamber cannot calculate the dose in the patient. AIM: This study aims to make use of IQM field output signals to calculate the number of monitor units (MUs) delivered through an arbitrary treatment field in order to convert Monte Carlo (MC)-generated dose distributions in a patient model into absolute dose...

We used the method proposed by Schneider et al. Theor Biol Med Model 2011;8:27, to clarify how the radiation-induced secondary cancer incidence rate changes in patients after proton craniospinal irradiation (CSI) without and with vertebral-body-sparing (VBS). Eight patients aged 3-15 years who underwent proton CSI were enrolled in the study. For each case, two types of plan without and with VBS in the target were compared. The prescribed doses were assumed to be 23.4 Gy relative biological effectiveness (RBE) and 36 Gy (RBE)...

BACKGROUND: Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy (SABR) is the standard treatment for early-stage medically inoperable lung cancer. Predictors of radiation pneumonitis (RP) in patients treated with SABR are poorly defined. In this study, we investigate clinical and dosimetric parameters, which can predict symptomatic RP in early-stage lung cancer patients treated with SABR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients treated with lung SABR between May 2009 and August 2018, in a single United Kingdom (UK) radiotherapy center were included...

PURPOSE: To clarify the dose distribution characteristics for early-stage glottic cancer by comparing the dose distribution between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and to examine the usefulness of PSPT for early-stage glottic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Computed tomography datasets of 8 patients with T1-2 glottic cancer who had been treated by PSPT were used to create an IMRT plan in Eclipse with 7 fields and a PSPT plan in XiO-M with 2 fields...

In several highly specialized plant-insect interactions, scent-mediated specificity of pollinator attraction is directed by the emission and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Although some plants engaged in such interactions emit singular compounds, others emit mixtures of VOCs commonly emitted by plants. We investigated the chemical ecological bases of host plant recognition in the nursery pollination mutualism between the dioecious Ficus carica and its specific pollinator Blastophaga psenes...

PURPOSE: We aim to develop a method to predict the gamma passing rate (GPR) of a three-dimensional (3D) dose distribution measured by the Delta4 detector system using the dose uncertainty potential (DUP) accumulation model. METHODS: Sixty head-and-neck intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans were created in the XiO treatment planning system. All plans were created using nine step-and-shoot beams of the ONCOR linear accelerator. Verification plans were created and measured by the Delta4 system...

The use of a multi-layer ionization chamber, Zebra, in patient-specific quality assurance (QA) for proton depth dose distributions in a single-ring wobbling method is investigated. The depth dose distributions measured using Zebra are compared with those calculated using the treatment planning system (TPS), XiO-M, and measured using an ionization chamber with a motorized water phantom system. Because the TPS only provides point doses, the average doses are calculated using in-house software. The detector size-corrected depth dose distributions are obtained by determining the average of the dose distributions from the TPS over a cylindrical region similar to the size of the Zebra detectors...

AIM: The accuracy of the dose calculation is vital in the stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) technique to achieve clinically effective dose distribution for better tumor control. Multiple commercial radiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPS) were implemented with different algorithms, such as Acuros XB in Eclipse and Superposition in XiO. The aim of this study is to investigate five different dose calculation algorithms, namely, pencil beam convolution (PBC), Acuros XB, AAA implemented in an Eclipse system, collapsed cone convolution (CCC) algorithm implemented in Mobius3D and superposition algorithms implemented in the XiO system, and then validate the results against measurements using an Institute of Physical Sciences in Medicine (IPSM) phantom with different density materials for in-field and out-of- field conditions...

BACKGROUND: Measurement-guided dose reconstruction has lately attracted significant attention because it can predict the delivered patient dose distribution. Although the treatment planning system (TPS) uses sophisticated algorithm to calculate the dose distribution, the calculation accuracy depends on the particular TPS used. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the gamma passing rate (GPR) and the clinically relevant dose-volume index based on the predicted 3D patient dose distribution derived from two TPSs (XiO, RayStation)...

PURPOSE: In pencil beam scanning proton therapy, target coverage is achieved by scanning the pencil beam laterally in the x- and y-directions and delivering spots of dose to positions at a given radiological depth (layer). Dose is delivered to the spots on different layers by pencil beams of different energy until the entire volume has been irradiated. The aim of this study is to investigate the implementation of proton planning parameters (spot spacing, layer spacing and margins) in four commercial proton treatment planning systems (TPSs): Eclipse, Pinnacle3 , RayStation and XiO...

PURPOSE: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) utilizes many small fields for producing a uniform dose distribution. Therefore, there are many field junctions in the target region, and resulting dose uncertainties are accumulated. However, such accumulation of the dose uncertainty has not been implemented in the current practice of IMRT dose verification. The purpose of this study is to develop a method to predict the gamma passing rate (GPR) using a dose uncertainty accumulation model...

AIM: To evaluate the influence of the beam shape created by X-rays with "flat beams" and without "flattening-filter-free [FFF] beams" a flattening filter, and the isocenter locations for FFF beams on the treatment of a large irradiated volume for tumours. BACKGROUND: The increase of dose rate and the decrease of out-of-field dose can be expected for FFF beams and lead to effective and safety radiotherapy. On the other hand, the bell-shaped dose profile is thought to be a factor of negating these advantages...