Teppei Takeshima, Jurii Karibe, Tomoki Saito, Shinnosuke Kuroda, Mitsuru Komeya, Hiroji Uemura, Yasushi Yumura
Approximately 1% of the general male population has azoospermia, and nonobstructive azoospermia accounts for the majority of cases. The causes vary widely, including chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, varicocele, drug-induced causes, and gonadotropin deficiency; however, the cause is often unknown. In azoospermia caused by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gonadotropin replacement therapy can be expected to produce sperm in the ejaculate. In some cases, upfront varicocelectomy for nonobstructive azoospermia with varicocele may result in the appearance of ejaculated spermatozoa; however, the appropriate indication should be selected...
January 2024: International Journal of Urology: Official Journal of the Japanese Urological Association