keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37958950/ginseng-stem-and-leaf-saponins-mitigate-chlorpyrifos-evoked-intestinal-toxicity-in-vivo-and-in-vitro-oxidative-stress-inflammatory-response-and-apoptosis
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Silu Liu, Xiaoying Zhu, Hongyan Pei, Yan Zhao, Ying Zong, Weijia Chen, Zhongmei He, Rui Du
In recent years, the phenomenon of acute poisoning and organ damage caused by organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) has been a frequent occurrence. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides. The main active components of ginseng stems and leaves are total ginseng stem-and-leaf saponins (GSLSs), which have various biological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumor activities. We speculate that these could have great potential in the treatment of severe diseases and the relief of organophosphorus-pesticide-induced side effects; however, their mechanism of action is still unknown...
November 4, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37925431/organophosphorus-poisoning-induced-delayed-neurotoxicity-a-report-of-two-cases
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amrutha Viswanath, Apurba Barman, Jagannatha Sahoo, Souvik Bhattacharjee, Suman Patel
INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are one of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide and are often misused for suicidal poisoning due to their easy availability. Acute manifestations and management of organophosphorus (OP) poisoning have been reported several times. Organophosphorus-induced delayed neurotoxicity (OPIDN) is a rare delayed presentation of OP poisoning that involves central-peripheral distal axonopathy. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, we report two cases of OPIDN developed after a few weeks of OP poisoning...
November 4, 2023: Spinal Cord Series and Cases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37908063/serum-creatinine-phosphokinase-a-potential-prognostic-marker-in-assessing-clinical-severity-with-organophosphorus-poisoning
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ashekul Islam, Dhiman Chowdhury, Pulak Kanti Palit, Md Sohel, Md Mozibullah, Mohammod Johirul Islam, Abdullah Al Mamun, Joyonti Datta, Annanya Dev, Pradip Kumar Nath, Md Faisal Fahad Chowdhury, Sabuj Kanti Nath, Abu Syed Mohammed Mujib
INTRODUCTION: Organophosphorus compound (OPC) poisoning undoubtedly being a major concern in cultivation sites of the developing world, including Bangladesh. Two potential biomarkers, for example, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), are widely used in OPC poisoning severity indicators in patients. In this study, we sought to correlate the severity score of acute OPC poisoning with CPK or LDH level and subsequently explore their prognostic value. METHODS: This study was performed on a total of 70 patients with OPC poisoning admitted to the inpatient care unit at a territory-based hospital in Bangladesh...
October 31, 2023: Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37811048/lambda-cyhalothrin-ingestion-an-infrequent-yet-concerning-presentation-of-pyrethroid-poisoning
#24
Prabhat Silwal, Rojeena Adhikari, Binay Yadav, Sanjan K Sah, Ajay Bhatt, Samjhana Basnet
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lambda-cyhalothrin is a type II pyrethroid compound commonly used as a pesticide, with the potential to cause life-threatening toxicity in humans. Furthermore, among cases of pesticide poisoning in Nepal, organophosphates are most frequently implicated. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old female presented to our hospital after ingesting a pesticide compound with suicidal intent. She also admitted to alcohol intoxication and exhibited symptoms of confusion, abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting...
October 2023: Annals of Medicine and Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37805177/organophosphorus-and-carbamate-pesticides-molecular-toxicology-and-laboratory-testing
#25
REVIEW
Sumanpreet Kaur, Sheemona Chowdhary, Deepak Kumar, Rajasri Bhattacharyya, Dibyajyoti Banerjee
Population and food requirements are increasing daily throughout the world. To fulfil these requirements application of pesticides is also increasing. Organophosphorous (OP) and Organocarbamate (OC) compounds are widely used pesticides. These pesticides are used for suicidal purposes too. Both inhibit Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinergic symptoms are mainly used for the diagnosis of pesticide poisoning. Although the symptoms of the intoxication of OP and OC are similar, recent research has described different targets for OP and OC pesticides...
October 5, 2023: Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37801972/a-study-on-the-mechanism-of-the-impact-of-phenthoate-exposure-on-prorocentrum-lima
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Si-Wei Wu, Cai-Qin Cheng, Yi-Tong Huang, Jin-Zhou Tan, Song-Liang Li, Jia-Xin Yang, Xue-Ling Huang, Dan Huang, Li-Gong Zou, Wei-Dong Yang, Hong-Ye Li, Da-Wei Li
Extensive application of organophosphorus pesticides such as phenthoate results in its abundance in ecosystems, particularly in waterbodies, thereby providing the impetus to assess its role in aquatic organisms. However, the impact of phenthoate on marine algal physiological and proteomic response is yet to be explored despite its biological significance. In this study, we thus ought to investigate the impact of phenthoate in the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum lima, which is known for synthesizing okadaic acid (OA), the toxin responsible for diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP)...
September 24, 2023: Journal of Hazardous Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37801242/gc-ms-ms-analysis-of-chlorpyrifos-in-forensic-samples-with-varied-survival-time
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Husna Tabasum, S E Neelagund, K R Kotresh, M D Gowtham, N Sulochana
Organophosphorus pesticides are extensively used in the agricultural sector to kill insects, worms, and other pests. Many people may be poisoned by chlorpyrifos either accidentally or intentionally, including accidental, suicidal, and homicidal poisoning cases in India. The effect of chlorpyrifos on human health depends on factors such as the time, amount and frequency of exposure, the individual's health, and certain environmental conditions. The main objective of this investigation is to identify the post-mortem biological sample that shows the longest detection window, enabling precise chlorpyrifos detection in cases of acute poisoning with varying survival durations...
October 6, 2023: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37788753/pralidoxime-like-reactivator-with-increased-lipophilicity-molecular-modeling-and-in-vitro-study
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kamil Kuca, Jorge Alberto Valle da Silva, Eugenie Nepovimova, Ngoc Lam Pham, Wenda Wu, Martin Valis, Qinghua Wu, Tanos Celmar Costa França
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) reactivators (2-PAM, trimedoxime, obidoxime, asoxime) have become an integral part of antidotal treatment in cases of nerve agent and organophosphorus (OP) pesticide poisonings. They are often referred to as specific antidotes due to their ability to restore AChE function when it has been covalently inhibited by an OP compound. Currently available commercial reactivators exhibit limited ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, where reactivation of inhibited AChE is crucial...
October 1, 2023: Chemico-biological Interactions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37760868/pollutants-including-organophosphorus-and-organochloride-pesticides-may-increase-the-risk-of-cardiac-remodeling-and-atrial-fibrillation-a-narrative-review
#29
REVIEW
Ewen Le Quilliec, Alexia Fundere, Doa'a G F Al-U'datt, Roddy Hiram
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common type of cardiac rhythm disorder. Recent clinical and experimental studies reveal that environmental pollutants, including organophosphorus-organochloride pesticides and air pollution, may contribute to the development of cardiac arrhythmias including AF. Here, we discussed the unifying cascade of events that may explain the role of pollutant exposure in the development of AF. Following ingestion and inhalation of pollution-promoting toxic compounds, damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) stimuli activate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress that may negatively affect the respiratory, cognitive, digestive, and cardiac systems...
August 30, 2023: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37742496/simultaneous-determination-of-fenthion-and-its-metabolites-in-a-case-of-fenthion-self-poisoning
#30
Tadashi Nishio, Yoko Toukairin, Tomoaki Hoshi, Tomomi Arai, Makoto Nogami
Fenthion (MPP) is a popular organophosphorus pesticide that acts via inhibition of the enzyme cholinesterase. It is well known that fenthion is metabolized by plants, animals and soil microorganisms to sulfone and sulfoxide by oxidation of thioether and is further metabolized by conversion of P = S to P = O (oxon). Although human fenthion poisonings sometimes occur, details of the distribution of fenthion and its metabolites within the bodies of victims are unclear. In this study, we developed and validated an approach that uses liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the concentrations of fenthion and its five metabolites (MPP-sulfoxide, MPP-sulfone, MPP-oxon, MPP-oxon sulfoxide and MPP-oxon sulfone) in the fluids [blood, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and urine] of a human cadaver...
September 14, 2023: Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37711360/pesticides-in-vegetable-production-in-bangladesh-a-systemic-review-of-contamination-levels-and-associated-health-risks-in-the-last-decade
#31
REVIEW
Popy Khatun, Arup Islam, Sabbya Sachi, Md Zahorul Islam, Purba Islam
This paper reviewed the published data on the levels of different pesticide residues in vegetables (tomato, eggplant, beans, gourds, cauliflower, cabbage, cucumber, potato, carrot, onion, red chilli, red amaranth, lady's finger, spinach, coriander, and lettuce) from Bangladesh in the last decade. Vegetable production in Bangladesh has increased tremendously (37.63%) compared to the last decades, along with its pesticide use. The most observed pesticide groups used in vegetable production were organophosphorus, pyrethroids, carbamate, organochlorine, nereistoxin analogue group, and neonicotinoids...
December 2023: Toxicology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37651250/alternate-biochemical-markers-in-organophosphate-poisoning
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Austin J Mangaly, Chandni Radhakrishnan
In India, organophosphates are the most widely used pesticides for suicide by poisoning. Early recognition of the diagnosis and its severity will help in achieving a better outcome. In poisoning by organophosphorus compounds, serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and pseudocholinesterase are currently widely accepted as biochemical markers for estimating the severity. A wide array of alternate, cheap, and easily available markers are explored in this review and using a combination of these markers may be better in terms of early identification of severe poisoning...
August 2023: Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37649739/a-sweet-emergency-due-to-bitter-poisoning-a-case-report
#33
Jenny Joseph, Saravanan Thangavelu, J Shanjitha, Deepak Jacob
Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) are major components of pesticides and nerve gas agents. Self-harm by ingestion of OPC pesticides is one of the common problems encountered in the emergency room (ER), especially in developing countries such as India. It is recognised by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the third most prevalent means of suicide. In addition to the cholinergic effects caused by these agents, they can induce metabolic dysregulations. We present a case of a 22-year-old male patient, without previous history of diabetes, who was brought to the ER in an unresponsive state with an HbA1c of 5%...
July 2023: Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37610476/-catch-up-therapy-combining-antidotal-treatment-with-dermal-application-of-aha-following-percutaneous-vx-poisoning-in-the-domestic-swine
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eugenia Bloch-Shilderman, Uri Nili, Victoria Nahum, Boris Smolkin, Nissan Ashkenazi
Low-volatility organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OP CWAs) are cholinesterase inhibitors which easily absorb into the skin, leading to the formation of a dermal depot from which they slowly enter the bloodstream. This leads to sustained cholinergic hyperstimulation, which if untreated may lead to death. However, current available countermeasures are not adequate to neutralize the agent residing in the dermal depot. Accordingly, we evaluated the efficacy of the potassium salt of acetohydroxamic acid (880 mg/ml in DMSO/H2 O 1:4, AHAK), as a potential "catch-up" therapy lotion intended to neutralize the dermal depot, by penetrating the skin and decomposing it before it reaches the bloodstream...
August 23, 2023: Archives of Toxicology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37579936/modeling-of-a-near-attack-conformation-of-oxime-in-phosphorylated-acetylcholinesterase-via-a-reactivation-product-a-phosphorylated-oxime
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Goran Šinko
At the present, only four antidotes are in use in therapy for poisoning by organophosphorus compounds: 2-PAM, HI-6, obidoxime and trimedoxime. Numerous compounds have been designed and synthetized to be more effective reactivators than those currently in use. Many of those new compounds fail at the enzyme level because interactions formed within the AChE active site are not favourable ones that lead to a successful reactivation. The approach in which the modeling of a phosphorylated oxime (POX), a product of successful reactivation in the AChE active site, may be a way to better understand the role of active site residues during the process of formation of the Michaelis type of complex between an enzyme and oxime...
August 12, 2023: Chemico-biological Interactions
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37556058/visible-light-driven-zno-fe-3-o-4-magnetic-nanoparticles-for-detoxification-of-diazinon-the-photocatalytic-optimization-process-with-rsm-bbd-model
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sima Kalantar, Akram Bemani, Mohammad Hossein Sayadi, Elham Chamanehpour
Today, diazinon is one of the most widely used organophosphorus pesticides, whose widespread use can cause many ecological and biological risks. In this research, a magnetic ZnO/Fe3 O4 nanoparticle was used to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of diazinon. Sol-gel synthesis was used to create the nanoparticle, which was then characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, VSM, and XPS techniques. The design of photocatalytic degradation experiments was done using the response surface method and the Box-Behnken design model...
August 9, 2023: Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37549027/acute-organophosphate-poisoning-case-review-with-consideration-of-off-gassing-during-postmortem-examination
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Courtney Hanson, Lauren N Huddle, Julia Kockanowski, Kevin D Whaley
Although self-harm via ingestion of organophosphorus compounds is relatively common in the developing world, it is rare in the United States. This article reviews the signs and symptoms associated with acute organophosphate poisoning and highlights the effects of organophosphate off-gassing during postmortem examinations to increase awareness of this potentially dangerous workplace exposure.Paramedics responded to a 42-year-old man with pulseless electrical activity. Spontaneous circulation was restored after aggressive resuscitation...
August 7, 2023: American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37533608/predictors-of-mortality-in-hospitalized-patients-with-pesticide-poisoning
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tushar Sontakke, Shriprakash Kalantri
Background Organophosphorus poisoning (OPP) is a prevalent mortality rate that varies from 2% to 25% method of suicides worldwide. ICUs commonly employ various scoring systems such as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) Poison Severity Score (PSS) tools for risk stratification for mortality prediction scores and prognosis. This study aims to compare the predictive validity of these systems in hospitalized patients suffering from pesticide poisoning in a teaching hospital located in central India...
July 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37517344/fabrication-of-a-re-useable-ionic-liquid-based-colorimetric-organo-nanosensor-for-detection-of-nerve-agents-stimulants
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Najmin Tohora, Sabbir Ahamed, Tuhina Sultana, Manas Mahato, Sudhir Kumar Das
Nerve agents are highly poisonous organophosphorus chemicals, and the possibility of being used in terrorist attacks seriously threatens public safety. Thus, developing quick and straightforward detection techniques for these dangerous substances is paramount for the scientific communities. In this contribution, we have fabricated a sensitive and easily applicable ionic liquids (ILs) based colorimetric sensor for detecting various nerve agents' stimulants in solution and gas phases, respectively, based on methyl orange (MO)-based IL ([P66614 ]+ [MO]- ) derived from MO dye and trihexyltetradecylphosphonium chloride (P66614 Cl) by a simple ion exchange mechanism...
July 25, 2023: Talanta
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37448435/assessment-of-the-peradeniya-organophosphorus-poisoning-scale-as-a-severity-and-prognostic-marker-in-patients-with-acute-organophosphorus-poisoning-presenting-to-an-emergency-medicine-department
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nimesh B Malaviya, Rina Parikh, Krunalkumar Pancholi, O B Belim
Background Organophosphorus (OP) compound poisoning is the most common toxicological medical emergency in India, where the majority of the population lives on agriculture. The Peradeniya Organophosphorus Poisoning (POP) scale can be a simple and effective system to determine the need for ventilatory support early in the course of admission. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of the clinical parameters of the POP scale in predicting the severity of organophosphorus compound poisoning, by comparing early predicted patient prognosis evaluated by the POP scale on admission with the patient outcome...
June 2023: Curēus
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