Diabetic retinopathy losartan

PURPOSE: To examine the association of ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and ambulatory pulse rate (APR) with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in persons with type 1 diabetes in the Renin-Angiotensin System Study (RASS), a multicenter primary diabetic nephropathy (DN) prevention trial. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ninety-four normotensive RASS participants in 3 centers who are 16 years of age or older with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) of 2 to 20 years' duration...

To study if the endogenous renin-angiotensin system affects diabetic retinal leukostasis, rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with an ACE inhibitor (ramipril), an angiotensin II AT(1) receptor antagonist (losartan) and the Ca channel blocker, (nifedipine). In the diabetic rats, these drug treatments reduced systolic blood pressure by approximately 16 mmHg but did not change blood glucose. After 2 weeks, the rats were examined for retinal leukostasis in vivo with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO)...

BACKGROUND: Retinopathy is the clinical hallmark of generalized microangiopathy in diabetes. AIM: To examine the relation of this abnormality to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and death in type 2 diabetes. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: Of 1513 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy participating in the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) study, 1456 (96.5%) were assessed at baseline by ophthalmoscopy or fundus photography...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially visually devastating complication of chronic hyperglycemia and other associated systemic abnormalities. Numerous large, prospective, randomized clinical trials have delineated the current standard prevention and treatment protocols including intensive glycemic and blood pressure control and laser photocoagulation for neovascularization and clinically significant macular edema. However, despite standard intervention, vision loss from DR still occurs at an alarming rate...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and it affects 30% of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) and 20% of patients with type 2 DM. Clinical features in both types of DM are similar and are characterized by an underlying abnormality of the microcirculation, manifested by both retinopathy and nephropathy. Clinical hallmarks of DN include elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated urinary protein excretion. Treatment consists of maintaining BP at <130/85 mm Hg in patients without proteinuria and <125/75 mm Hg in patients with microalbuminuria or overt DN...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of losartan for the treatment of leucocyte entrapment in the retinal microcirculation of diabetic rats was evaluated quantitatively. METHODS: After diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin (STZ), the rats were divided into two subgroups. The first subgroup (n = 6), received no medications; the second subgroup (n = 6) was given fresh drinking water supplemented with losartan (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Six rats that were not injected with STZ or given medications served as controls...

PURPOSE: To examine a possible role for the angiotensin system in a rodent model of retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: A previously described model was used in which oxygen cycling (5 days hyperoxia and 5 days hypoxia) induced retinal alterations in newborn mice. An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (perindopril), or angiotensin receptor antagonists AT1 (losartan) or AT2 (PD123319) were administered subcutaneously for 5 days after the hyperoxia exposure...

Both angiotensin II and vascular endothelial growth factor are angiogenic agents that have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In this study, retinal neovascularization was examined in a model of retinopathy of prematurity with the use of neonatal transgenic (mRen-2)27 rats, which overexpress renin in tissues, and Sprague-Dawley rats. Blockers of the renin-angiotensin system were administered during the neovascularization period. The ACE inhibitor lisinopril and the angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist losartan both increased retinal renin levels and prevented inner retinal blood vessel growth...

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) plays a central role in blood pressure regulation and fluid and electrolyte homoeostasis. Blockade of this system with inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been shown to benefit several groups of patients, including those with essential hypertension, congestive heart failure, and post myocardial infarction. Inhibition of ACE also slows the progression of diabetic renal disease and diabetic retinopathy. The recent development of agents that are specific antagonists of angiotensin II (AII) has allowed us to block the RAS at receptor level...