IgE Asthma

INTRODUCTION: Asthma encompasses a spectrum of phenotypes often categorized into two groups- type 2 high (T2 high) and type 2 low (T2 low). T2 high includes atopic and eosinophilic presentations whereas T2 low is non-atopic, non-eosinophilic, and oft associated with neutrophilic inflammation. Eosinophilic asthma is often driven by IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and TSLP. This can lead to eosinophilic inflammatory response in the airways which in turn can be used as target for treatment. AREAS COVERED: The article will focus on biologic therapy that is currently being used in eosinophilic asthma management in mainly the adult population including clinical trials and co-morbidities that can be treated using the same biologics...

More than 20% of the world's population suffers from allergic diseases, including allergic asthma, rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis that severely reduce the patient's quality of life. The treatment of allergy has been developed, but there are still unmet needs. Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. is a traditional medicinal herb with beneficial bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-hypertension, anti-viral, anti-mutagenic, and skin and liver (anti-hepatotoxic) protective actions. However, its anti-allergic effect has not been addressed...

BACKGROUND: Bronchial asthma is a severe respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation, remodeling, and oxidative stress. β-Glucan (BG) is a polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls with powerful immunomodulatory properties. This study examined and clarified the mechanisms behind BG's ameliorativeactivitiesin an allergic asthma animal model. METHOD: BG was extracted from Chaga mushroom and characterized using FT-IR, UV-visible, zeta potential, and 1 H NMR analysis...

Severe asthma often features a T2 high profile regulated by cytokines such as interleukins IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Dupilumab (Dupixent®) is humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the α subunit of the receptor for IL-4 and IL-13. Here we summarise the immunogical background of severe asthma which supports the use of dupilumab and the pivotal randomised controlled trials which have established the efficacy of dupilumab in treating people with severe asthma. Dupilumab reduces the exacerbation rate, has corticosteroids sparing effect, provides sustained improvement in expiratory flow rates and improved asthma control and quality of life with a reassuring safety profile...

We report the case of a patient who has been hospitalized for dyspnea. Investigations revealed airway obstruction, eosinophilia, elevated IgE and elevated exhaled nitric oxide. Patient improved with oral corticosteroids (OCS). However, the patient presented two exacerbations requiring OCS during the next twelve months. Chest CT scan revealed two multiloculated parenchymal lesions. Lab test was positive for Echinococcus and Western-Blot confirmed infection with Echinococcus granulosus. Bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed the presence of 6 % eosinophils...

INTRODUCTION: Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), which is produced mainly by Th2 cells and mast cells, promotes a type-2 immune response by activating Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) via its receptor, chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecules on Th2 cells (CRTH2). However, the role of CRTH2 in models of airway inflammation induced by sensitization without adjuvants, in which both IgE and mast cells may play major roles, remain unclear. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) and CRTH2-knockout (KO) mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) without an adjuvant and then challenged intranasally with OVA...

BACKGROUND: There are limited longitudinal data on the population prevalence of allergic conditions during childhood, and few studies have incorporated the reference standard oral food challenge to confirm food allergy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the population prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, eczema, asthma, and rhinitis at ages 6 and 10 years in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: The HealthNuts study recruited 5,276 1-year-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, with repeat assessments at ages 6 and 10 years...

BACKGROUND: Childhood bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Nutritional conditions, including zinc deficiency, can affect such allergic disorders. AIM: To outline the difference in serum zinc levels between asthmatic children and healthy controls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Children's Hospital, Cairo University, investigating serum zinc levels in children with BA ( n = 40) and healthy children ( n = 21)...

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a spectrum of clinical outcomes that may be complicated by severe asthma. Antiviral immunity is often compromised in patients with asthma; however, whether this is true for SARS-CoV-2 immunity and children is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 immunity in children with asthma on the basis of infection or vaccination history and compared to respiratory syncytial viral or allergen (eg, cockroach, dust mite)-specific immunity...

CONTEXT: Asthma presents a global health challenge. The main pharmacotherapy is synthetic chemicals and biological-based drugs that are costly, and have significant side effects. In contrast, use of natural products, such as onion ( Allium cepa L., Amaryllidaceae) in the treatment of airway diseases has increased world-wide because of their perceived efficacy and little safety concerns. However, their pharmacological actions remain largely uncharacterized. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether onion bulb extract (OBE) can (1) reverse established asthma phenotype (therapeutic treatment) and/or (2) prevent the development of the asthma phenotype, if given before the immunization process (preventative treatment)...

BACKGROUND: Pediatricians are often the first point of contact for children in Primary Care (PC), but still perceive gaps in their allergy knowledge. We investigated self-perceived knowledge gaps and educational needs in pediatricians across healthcare systems in Europe so that future educational initiatives may better support the delivery of allergy services in PC. METHOD: A multinational survey was circulated to pediatricians who care for children and adolescents with allergy problems in PC by the EAACI Allergy Educational Needs in Primary Care Pediatricians Task Force from February to March 2023...

Nitration of allergenic proteins caused by atmospheric pollutants O3 and NO2 may enhance their allergenic potential. In the study, the influence of nitration was investigated on the allergenicity of Der p 2, which is a main allergen from house dust mites and plays an important role in allergenic rhinitis and asthma. The results reveal that nitrated Der p 2 enhanced the IgE-binding capacity, upregulated the mRNA expression and release of IL-6 and IL-8 from bronchial epithelial cells, and induced higher levels of specific-IgE, TH 2 cytokines and white blood cells in mice...

Bruton's Tyrosine kinase (BTK) plays a pivotal role as the key mediator in B cell signaling. Recent research has revealed that it is also expressed in cells critical to asthma development, such as T cells, and eosinophils. This study aims to investigate the potential of BTK inhibitor in eosinophilic asthma mouse model. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) via intraperitoneal injections and followed by OVA nebulizations. The mice were treated with 250 µg/ml or 500 µg/ml of ibrutinib before the second intraperitoneal injection and the first nebulization...

Mast cells are effector cells known to contribute to allergic airway disease. When activated, mast cells release a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators, including the mast cell-specific protease carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3). The expression of CPA3 in the airway epithelium and lumen of asthma patients has been associated with a Th2-driven airway inflammation. However, the role of CPA3 in asthma is unclear and therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of CPA3 for the development and severity of allergic airway inflammation using knockout mice with a deletion in the Cpa3 gene...

BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization and low lung function in early childhood are risk factors for subsequent wheezing and asthma. However, it is unclear how allergic sensitization impacts lung function over time. OBJECTIVE: To test whether allergy influences lung function and whether these factors synergistically increase the risk of continued wheezing in childhood. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal measurements of lung function (spirometry, impulse oscillometry) and allergic sensitization (aeroallergen skin tests, serum allergen-specific IgE) throughout early childhood in the Urban Environmental and Childhood Asthma study which included high-risk urban children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods...

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OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively study the effects of budesonide inhalation combined with conventional symptomatic treatment on serum inflammatory factor expression levels and pulmonary function in patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) and to evaluate treatment efficacy. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 200 patients diagnosed with CVA at the Second Hospital of Jiaxing between January 2022 and June 2023 and given conventional symptomatic treatment plus budesonide inhalation were included in this study...

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 40% of children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, comorbid illnesses, complications and quality of life in children referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece. We analyzed 590 pediatric patients referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece from 26/01/2012 to 20/11/2022. Allergic rhinitis was recorded as the one and only allergic disease in 59% of the children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, concomitant asthma in 16% of them, atopic dermatitis in 8% and allergic conjunctivitis in 5%...

BACKGROUND: Immediate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to polyethylene glycol (PEG) are rare. Our understanding of PEG hypersensitivity is limited. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the clinical characteristics and investigation outcomes of the largest cohort of PEG-allergic patients reported. METHODS: 44 patients investigated for suspected PEG allergy across four UK tertiary allergy centres between October 2013 and December 2020 were studied...

RATIONALE: Social determinants of health underlie disparities in asthma. However, the effects of individual determinants likely interact, so a summary metric may better capture their impact. The Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) is one such tool, yet its association with exacerbation-prone (EP) asthma is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the COI and EP asthma and clinical measures of asthma severity in children. METHODS: We analyzed data from two prospective observational pediatric asthma cohorts (n = 193)...