ganglioglioma

Ganglioglioma (GG) is a WHO-grade 1 glioneuronal neoplasm. It is well differentiated with a slow-growing pattern and is composed of a combination of neoplastic ganglion and glial cells. Anaplastic ganglioglioma (AGG) is an extremely rare malignant variant of ganglioglioma, which is not included in the new WHO classification; however, the term is used to talk about gangliogliomas with data of malignancy. AGGs usually occur in children and young adults and are associated with high recurrence and mortality. The authors describe the case of a 62-year-old woman with AGG...

BACKGROUND: The postoperative epilepsy outcome and clinicopathological features in children with ganglioglioma (GG) are not well understood. METHODS: Data from 51 consecutive pediatric patients diagnosed with GGs who underwent surgery were collected. The correlations between the expression of CD34 and BRAF V600E mutations and clinical features were analyzed. The related factors affecting the outcome of epilepsy were analyzed. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 44...

The hippocampus is a complex structure located in the mesial temporal lobe that plays a critical role in cognitive and memory-related processes. The hippocampal formation consists of the dentate gyrus, hippocampus proper, and subiculum, and its importance in the neural circuitry makes it a key anatomic structure to evaluate in neuroimaging studies. Advancements in imaging techniques now allow detailed assessment of hippocampus internal architecture and signal features that has improved identification and characterization of hippocampal abnormalities...

Brain surgery is the only curative treatment for people with focal epilepsy, but it is unclear whether this induces active disease in multiple sclerosis (MS). This creates a barrier to evaluate MS patients for epilepsy surgery. We present two cases of successful epilepsy surgery in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy and stable MS and give an overview of the existing literature. (1) a 28-year-old woman with seizures arising from a right basal temporo-occipital ganglioglioma was seizure-free after surgery, without MS relapse but with one new MS lesion postsurgically...

PURPOSE: The primary aim was to evaluate whether anti-3-[18 F]FACBC PET combined with conventional MRI correlated better with histomolecular diagnosis (reference standard) than MRI alone in glioma diagnostics. The ability of anti-3-[18 F]FACBC to differentiate between molecular and histopathological entities in gliomas was also evaluated. METHODS: In this prospective study, patients with suspected primary or recurrent gliomas were recruited from two sites in Norway and examined with PET/MRI prior to surgery...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate the value of nomograms based on MRI radiomics and clinical semantic features in identifying pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) and ganglioglioma (GG) as well as predicting BRAFV600E expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 265 patients histologically diagnosed with PXA (n = 113) and GG (n = 152). T1WI, T2WI, and CET1 sequences were utilized to extract radiomics features...

OBJECTIVE: Seizures can be a debilitating manifestation of underlying neoplastic intracranial pathology. Existing literature offers a paucity of scientific consensus regarding risk factors, seizure semiology, operative techniques, and tumor characteristics in pediatric patients with a concurrent diagnosis of primary intracranial neoplasm and seizures. To address the limited evidence in current literature, the authors systematically reviewed published literature on current clinical characteristics and management strategies for patients presenting concurrently with seizures and a newly diagnosed brain lesion, while aiming to synthesize a potential management protocol or set of recommendations for these patients...

Desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIG) are rare intracranial tumors that predominantly affect children. They are characterized by a mixture of glial and neuronal components interspersed with abundant fibrous stroma and are typically located on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres. In this case report, we present a seven-year-old male child with a late presentation of DIG, which is typically diagnosed between zero and 60 months of age. We discuss the MRI findings, clinical symptoms, and differential diagnosis of DIG in patients with this central nervous system tumor...

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to share our initial experience with epilepsy surgery and provide an overview on the surgical treatments of epilepsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the demographics and clinical and investigative features of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery between January 2016 and August 2021. Postoperative seizure outcome was categorized according to modified Engel's classification, and the minimum period of follow-up was 1 year...

BACKGROUND: Ganglioglioma is a rare, slowly proliferating mixed glioneuronal tumor, with the highest incidence observed in children and young adults, but it can also occur in adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the imaging characteristics of ganglioglioma in children/adolescents and adults to facilitate radiographic diagnosis. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 32 patients were included and divided into two groups: the child/adolescent group (age < 18 years, n=19) and the adult group (age ≥ 18 years, n=13)...

UNLABELLED: Currently, visual field defects are considered as an inevitable consequence of occipital lobe surgery. However, recent advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as diffusion tensor tractography allowing better visualization of optic radiation and its relationship with occipital lobe tumors, as well as intraoperative monitoring of cortical visual evoked potentials (cVEPs) can contribute to correct planning of surgery and minimizing the risk of visual field defects after surgery...

Neuropil-like islands (NIs) are a histologic hallmark of glioneuronal tumors with neuropil-like islands (GTNIs), but GTNIs are presently not considered a homogeneous entity. The essence of GTNI is likely its glial component, and NIs are now considered aberrant neuronal differentiation or metaplasia. The case we report herein is a 41-year-old woman who was synchronously affected by two brain tumors: one was a glioblastoma (glioblastoma multiforme, GBM), of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wild type, with NIs in the left parietal lobe, and the other was histologically a composite gangliocytoma (GC)/anaplastic ganglioglioma (GG) with NIs in the right medial temporal lobe...

AIM: Gangliogliomas (GGs) are primary, low-grade, slow-growing neuroepithelial brain tumors. Usually, GGs are found in the temporal lobe. Locations such as the ventricular system, cerebellum or brainstem are very rare. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We present a series of consecutive patients who underwent surgery for GG with unusual locations, intraventricular and posterior fossa. RESULTS: Nine patients with GGs located in unusual areas, one in the intraventricular region and 8 in the posterior fossa, were included...

PURPOSE: During the last decade, there has been renewed interest in stereotactic approaches to diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) in children, due to the development of new concepts in molecular biology and management, and subsequent need for tissue sampling. Stereotactic frame-based and robot-assisted techniques are associated with reduced target error and have been incorporated into standard practice at our institution. METHODS: Four children (age 2-7 years) underwent a robot-assisted frame-based transcerebellar approach using the Leksell G frame coupled with Renishaw's neuromate® stereotactic robot...

INTRODUCTION: Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) are associated with significant risk of visual and endocrine morbidity, but data on long-term outcomes in symptomatic patients is sparse. This study reviews the clinical course, disease progression, survival outcomes and long-term sequelae in pediatric patients with symptomatic OPGs in our institution over three decades. METHODS: Retrospective review of patients with symptomatic OPG treated in a single tertiary pediatric oncology center from 1984 to 2016...

BACKGROUND: Low-grade gangliogliomas (GGs) are typically epileptogenic intracranial neoplasms. Yet, the presentation of simplex vertiginous experience and spontaneous downbeat nystagmus (DBN) has not been reported to date. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a 26-year-old male with focal onset impaired awareness seizures, characterized by vertigo due to right temporal lobe epilepsy caused by ganglioglioma. As rare presentations, a spontaneous, consistent DBN in the absence of vertiginous experience was noticed...

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Benign spinal intradural tumors are relatively rare and include intramedullary tumors with a favorable histology such as low-grade astrocytomas and ependymomas, as well as intradural extramedullary tumors such as meningiomas and schwannomas. The effect on the neural tissue is usually a combination of mass effect and neuronal involvement in cases of infiltrative tumors. The new understanding of molecular profiling of different tumors allowed us to better define central nervous system tumors and tailor treatment accordingly...

Benign glioma broadly refers to a heterogeneous group of slow-growing glial tumors with low proliferative rates and a more indolent clinical course. These tumors may also be described as "low-grade" glioma (LGG) and are classified as WHO grade I or II lesions according to the Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) (Louis et al. in Acta Neuropathol 114:97-109, 2007). Advances in molecular genetics have improved understanding of glioma tumorigenesis, leading to the identification of common mutation profiles with significant treatment and prognostic implications...

BACKGROUND: Gangliogliomas are rare mixed neuronal-glial tumors of the central nervous system, accounting for less than 2% of intracranial tumors. CASE DESCRIPTION: This report presents a rare case of ganglioglioma in the sellar region of a 3-year-old and 5-month-old pediatric patient. The patient underwent surgical intervention initially through a transnasal transsphenoidal approach and subsequently through a transcranial pterional craniotomy approach. Subsequently, radiotherapy and chemotherapy were administered for residual tumor tissue...