keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455271/death-by-hunger-strike-suicide-or-not
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joseph H Obegi
Conventional thinking holds that most inmates who hunger strike do not desire to die. Rather, they want prison officials to concede to their demands. In this paper, I examine whether death by hunger strike can be classified as suicide. After reviewing definitions of suicide and suicidal intent, I conclude that some deaths by hunger strike can be readily classified as suicides. I further propose that conditional intention is a useful way to understand the complex motivations of hunger strikers. I close by discussing the implications of conditional intention for the assessment of suicidal intent among hunger strikers and for the duty of mental health providers to prevent suicide...
2024: Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law: An Interdisciplinary Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Association of Psychiatry, Psychology and Law
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38333476/acute-cardiomyopathy-in-a-prisoner-on-a-hunger-strike
#2
Tenes J Paul, Glenn Stokken
Chronic starvation and its associated metabolic derangements are known to have dangerous cardiovascular implications in the long term, but less is known about the cardiovascular consequences of acute starvation, such as in the context of a hunger strike. This case describes a patient who presented with signs and symptoms of acute coronary syndrome which began two weeks into a hunger strike and was ultimately found to have stress cardiomyopathy with complete resolution on subsequent imaging.
January 2024: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38295792/the-calmodulin-interacting-peptide-pcp4a-regulates-feeding-state-dependent-behavioral-choice-in-zebrafish
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margherita Zaupa, Nagarjuna Nagaraj, Anna Sylenko, Herwig Baier, Suphansa Sawamiphak, Alessandro Filosa
Animals constantly need to judge the valence of an object in their environment: is it potential food or a threat? The brain makes fundamental decisions on the appropriate behavioral strategy by integrating external information from sensory organs and internal signals related to physiological needs. For example, a hungry animal may take more risks than a satiated one when deciding to approach or avoid an object. Using a proteomic profiling approach, we identified the Calmodulin-interacting peptide Pcp4a as a key regulator of foraging-related decisions...
January 23, 2024: Neuron
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38145140/using-ethics-committees-to-justify-force-feeding-political-prisoners-in-israel
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zohar Lederman, Ryan Essex
Thousands of Palestinian prisoners are held in Israeli prisons without trial. For some of them, engaging in hunger strikes is the last resort in opposing unlawful detention and inhumane prison conditions. While mainstream bioethics deliberation, reasonable arguments, and international legal and medical professional declarations prohibit force-feeding, local ethical deliberations, professional medical guidelines, and legislation allow the use of medical judgment and clinical ethics committees to force-feed these prisoners...
December 2023: Health and Human Rights
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37556734/prognostic-significance-of-etp-phenotype-and-minimal-residual-disease-in-t-all-a-children-s-oncology-group-study
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brent L Wood, Meenakshi Devidas, Ryan J Summers, Zhiguo Chen, Barbara Asselin, Karen R Rabin, Patrick A Zweidler-McKay, Naomi J Winick, Michael J Borowitz, William L Carroll, Elizabeth A Raetz, Mignon L Loh, Stephen P Hunger, Kimberly P Dunsmore, David T Teachey, Stuart S Winter
The early thymic precursor (ETP) immunophenotype was previously reported to confer poor outcome in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Between 2009 and 2014, 1256 newly diagnosed children and young adults enrolled in Children's Oncology Group (COG) AALL0434 were assessed for ETP status and minimal residual disease (MRD) using flow cytometry at a central reference laboratory. The subject phenotypes were categorized as ETP (n = 145; 11.5%), near-ETP (n = 209; 16.7%), or non-ETP (n = 902; 71...
December 14, 2023: Blood
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37293457/the-insidious-return-of-cholera-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region-lebanon-and-syria-a-worrying-signal-past-present-and-future-forthcoming
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Orsini Davide, Mariano Martini
INTRODUCTION: War, hunger, and disease continue to decimate the populations of many countries in the world. Owing to conflicts, environmental instability and natural disasters, many people, especially the poorest, fall victim to epidemic diseases. One such disease, cholera, began to spread again in 2022, striking Lebanon and Syria, countries that have experienced serious social troubles for years. The return of cholera immediately alarmed the scientific community, which is now making every effort, most notably by implementing a major vaccination campaign, to prevent this disease from becoming endemic in these two countries, thus making them a reservoir for its potential spread in the Eastern Mediterranean Region...
March 2023: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37292650/chronic-stress-triggers-seeking-of-a-starvation-like-state-in-anxiety-prone-female-mice
#7
Hakan Kucukdereli, Oren Amsalem, Trent Pottala, Michelle Lim, Leilani Potgieter, Amanda Hasbrouck, Andrew Lutas, Mark L Andermann
Elevated anxiety often precedes anorexia nervosa and persists after weight restoration. Patients with anorexia nervosa often describe hunger as pleasant, potentially because food restriction can be anxiolytic. Here, we tested whether chronic stress can cause animals to prefer a starvation-like state. We developed a virtual reality place preference paradigm in which head-fixed mice can voluntarily seek a starvation-like state induced by optogenetic stimulation of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons...
May 17, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37243624/altered-learning-and-transfer-abilities-in-korsakoff-s-syndrome-depending-on-task-complexity
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Cigdem Ulasoglu-Yildiz, Zerrin Yildirim, Catherine E Myers, Mark A Gluck, Hakan Gurvit
Korsakoff's syndrome (KS) is characterized by episodic memory impairment due to damage to the medial diencephalic structures. Although commonly associated with chronic alcoholism, starvation due to the hunger strike is one of its nonalcoholic causes. Learning the stimulus-response associations and transferring the just-learned associations to novel combinations were previously tested by specific tasks in memory-impaired patients with hippocampal, basal forebrain, and basal ganglia damage. To add to this previous research, we aimed to use the same tasks in a group of patients with hunger strike-related KS presenting a stable isolated amnestic profile...
May 27, 2023: Applied Neuropsychology. Adult
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37031275/the-hunger-strikes-back-an-epigenetic-memory-for-autophagy
#9
REVIEW
Patricia González-Rodríguez, Jens Füllgrabe, Bertrand Joseph
Historical and demographical human cohorts of populations exposed to famine, as well as animal studies, revealed that exposure to food deprivation is associated to lasting health-related effects for the exposed individuals, as well as transgenerational effects in their offspring that affect their diseases' risk and overall longevity. Autophagy, an evolutionary conserved catabolic process, serves as cellular response to cope with nutrient starvation, allowing the mobilization of an internal source of stored nutrients and the production of energy...
April 8, 2023: Cell Death and Differentiation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36688294/eating-in-isolation-a-normative-comparison-of-force-feeding-and-solitary-confinement
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma Buzath, Zohar Lederman
The practice of solitary confinement (SC) is established within the literature as a common occurrence of torture within the prison system, and many international and national human rights organizations have called for its abolition. A somewhat more contentious topic in the literature is the practice of force feeding (FF) of hunger-striking prisoners. The paper aims to make a case against FF by establishing a parity argument that states the following: If SC is considered an immoral practice (and indeed it should be), it should follow that FF is morally impermissible as well...
January 23, 2023: Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics: CQ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36686853/when-politics-are-contagious-covid-19-and-political-resistance-inside-an-immigration-detention-center
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ettore Asoni
During the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, immigration detainees in the United States rose up to protests their forced confinement during a global pandemic, launching collective hunger strikes across separate facilities on a national scale. In this article, I utilize primary and secondary sources to examine the strike that occurred at the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego in the Spring 2020. While acts of resistance are hardly a new phenomenon in immigration detention, the 2020 protests were unusually powerful because of their range and the pace at which they spread across facilities...
January 16, 2023: Political Geography
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36258044/sex-differences-in-activation-of-extra-hypothalamic-forebrain-areas-during-hedonic-eating
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William Parsons, Eliza Greiner, Laura Buczek, Jennifer Migliaccio, Erin Corbett, Amanda M K Madden, Gorica D Petrovich
Palatable foods can stimulate appetite without hunger, and unconstrained overeating underlies obesity and binge eating disorder. Women are more prone to obesity and binge eating than men but the neural causes of individual differences are unknown. In an animal model of hedonic eating, a prior study found that females were more susceptible than males to eat palatable food when sated and that the neuropeptide orexin/hypocretin (ORX) was crucial in both sexes. The current study examined potential extra-hypothalamic forebrain targets of ORX signaling during hedonic eating...
October 18, 2022: Brain Structure & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35959495/wernicke-korsakoff-syndrome-in-a-hunger-striker-despite-oral-thiamine-supplementation
#13
Phillip Wagner, Thuy Bui
Case: We present the case of a 49-year-old woman who underwent a 237-day hunger strike on the streets of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Despite medical supervision and appropriate micronutrient supplementation, including higher-than-recommended dosing of oral thiamine, the patient developed Wernicke's Encephalopathy and subsequent Korsakoff Syndrome. She is now permanently impaired. Introduction: Hunger strikers are subject to numerous sequelae of micronutrient deficiency...
2022: International Medical Case Reports Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35885817/malpractice-claims-and-ethical-issues-in-prison-health-care-related-to-consent-and-confidentiality
#14
REVIEW
Oana-Maria Isailă, Sorin Hostiuc
Respecting the consent and confidentiality of a patient is an underlying element in establishing the patient's trust in the physician and, implicitly, obtaining the patient's compliance. In particular, cases of inmate patients require increased attention in order to fulfill this goal against a background of institutional interferences, which, in certain situations, may endanger the autonomy of the physician and their respect for the inmate's dignity. The purpose of this article is to depict the characteristics of consent and confidentiality in a prison environment, in special cases, such as hunger strikes, violent acts, HIV testing, COVID-19 measures, and drug use, bringing into focus the physician and the inmate in the context of the particular situation where the target is disciplining someone in order for them to conform to social and juridical norms...
July 12, 2022: Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35692350/between-sympathy-fascination-and-powerlessness-the-experiences-of-health-professionals-during-the-medical-monitoring-of-a-hunger-strike-among-undocumented-migrants
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rita Vanobberghen, Dirk Lafaut, Fred Louckx, Dirk Devroey, Jan Vandevoorde
In 2014, a group of undocumented migrants started a hunger strike in Brussels. The medical monitoring was mainly done by young, committed health professionals with no prior experience of medical monitoring of people on hunger strike. Following the hunger strike, two focus groups were organized to assess the experiences of the health professionals during the medical monitoring of the hunger strike. Their main motivation for assisting was wanting to help the people on hunger strike but they were also curious about the living conditions among undocumented migrants and the reasons behind starting the strike...
2022: Frontiers in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35575404/molecular-mechanisms-of-arid5b-mediated-genetic-susceptibility-to-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xujie Zhao, Maoxiang Qian, Charnise Goodings, Yang Zhang, Wenjian Yang, Ping Wang, Beisi Xu, Cheng Tian, Ching-Hon Pui, Stephen P Hunger, Elizabeth A Raetz, Meenakshi Devidas, Mary V Relling, Mignon L Loh, Daniel Savic, Chunliang Li, Jun J Yang
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the inherited basis of susceptibility to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Genome-wide association studies have identified non-coding ALL risk variants at the ARID5B gene locus, but their exact functional effects and the molecular mechanism linking ARID5B to B-ALL leukemogenesis remain largely unknown. METHODS: We performed targeted sequencing of ARID5B in germline DNA of 5,008 children with ALL. Variants were evaluated for association with ALL susceptibility using 3,644 subjects from the UK10K cohort as non-ALL controls, under an additive model...
May 16, 2022: Journal of the National Cancer Institute
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35430562/clinicians-scientists-and-public-health-experts-call-for-boris-johnson-to-listen-to-climate-activist-on-hunger-strike
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 16, 2022: BMJ: British Medical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34986696/starving-to-death-and-the-anorexic-frame-of-mind
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer Radden
Because some forms of self-starvation such as hunger striking are exempt from attributions of pathology, and due to incomplete understanding of its etiology, anorexia nervosa (AN) is and must presently be defined by psychological criteria as well as behavioral and bodily measures. Although opaque, typical motivational frames of mind in AN lack the apparent cognitive and volitional dysfunction usually indicating disorder. In contrast to other conditions that exhibit more evident dysfunction, this distinguishes AN from the perspective of medical epistemology: the opacity of AN motivation jeopardizing the epistemic warrant for assigning it to the category of a mental disorder (and so influencing decisions over diagnosis and recovery)...
June 2022: Transcultural Psychiatry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34971348/providing-health-care-in-politically-charged-contexts-a-qualitative-study-about-experiences-during-a-public-collective-hunger-strike-of-asylum-seekers-in-germany
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dominik Haselwarter, Verina Wild, Katja Kuehlmeyer
PURPOSE: Role expectations of physicians providing health care for hunger strikers have been discussed in the context of prisons and detention centres. Ethical guidance for physicians in these situations is codified in the Declaration of Malta. In the last years, new forms of collective, public hunger strikes of asylum seekers have occurred. We have aimed at reconstructing the experiences of health-care personnel involved in one of such cases. METHODS: Semi-structured interviews with nine participants (physicians and paramedics) that had been involved in a public collective hunger strike of asylum seekers in Germany were conducted...
December 2022: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34945685/cognitive-keys-in-psychophysical-estimation-of-chemosensory-perception-in-university-students
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Laura María Martínez-Sánchez, Cecilio Parra-Martínez, Tomás Eugenio Martínez-García, Concha Martínez-García
Psychophysical methods allow us to measure the relationship between stimuli and sensory perception. Of these, Detection Threshold (DT) allows us to know the minimum concentration to produce taste identification. Given this, we wonder whether, for example, wine tasting experts are more capable of perceiving their sensory properties than other people, or whether they can distinguish them because they are better able to "describe" them. To verify this, this study analyses the influence of having prior knowledge of the name astringency and, failing that, to detect it and distinguish it between the four basic tastes...
December 17, 2021: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
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