advanced directive

Rhodanine is a heterocyclic organic compound that has been investigated for its potential biomedical applications, particularly in drug discovery. Rhodanine derivatives have been examined as the medication options for numerous illnesses, including cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Some rhodanine derivatives have also shown promising activity against drug-resistant strains of bacteria and viruses. One of these derivatives is polyrhodanine (PR), a conducting polymer that has gained attention for its biomedical properties...

This paper proposes an advanced control approach to controlling a DC-DC buck converter for a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer within the framework of a direct current (DC) microgrid. The proposed adaptive backstepping terminal sliding mode control (ABTSMC) leverages a physics-informed neural network (PINN) to accurately estimate and compensate for system uncertainty. The composite controller achieves finite-time convergence of the tracking error by combining backstepping control and terminal sliding mode control (TSMC)...

To address the issue of the common illegal addition of Atenolol in Panax notoginseng, we propose an approach that realizes multivariate calibration transfer between different particle sizes based on near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral data fusion. To achieve high prediction accuracy, we construct three data fusion schemes (full-spectrum fusion, feature-level fusion, and decision-level fusion) that combine NIR and MIR spectral data. Among three data fusion schemes, the feature-level fusion based on the UVE-SPA-PLS model for 120-mesh spectral data achieves optimal prediction accuracy...

This review comprehensively evaluates the impacts of anthropogenic threats on beaked whales (Ziphiidae)-a taxonomic group characterized by cryptic biology, deep dives and remote offshore habitat, which have challenged direct scientific observation. By synthesizing information published in peer-reviewed studies and grey literature, we identified available evidence of impacts across 14 threats for each Ziphiidae species. Threats were assessed based on their pathways of effects on individuals, revealing many gaps in scientific understanding of the risks faced by beaked whales...

Protozoa exert a serious global threat of growing concern to human, and animal, and there is a need for the advancement of novel therapeutic strategies to effectively treat or mitigate the impact of associated diseases. Omega polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-PUFAs), including Omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are constituents derived from various natural sources, have gained significant attention for their therapeutic role in parasitic infections and a variety of essential structural and regulatory functions in animals and humans...

In this work, a non-precious group metal (non-PGM) electrocatalyst based on transition metals is introduced as a promising solution for enhancing the efficiency of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Nickel-cobalt mixed tungstate was prepared using a simple co-precipitation method with different molar ratios of Ni, Co and W. The prepared materials were tested and validated using different characterization techniques. It was observed using SEM that the materials are agglomerated amorphous random circular nanocomposite structures...

Dental implant failures caused by bacterial infections are a significant concern for dental implantologists. We modified the titanium surface by depositing silver (Ti-Ag) using direct current (DC) sputtering and confirmed the formation of a 'nano coat' by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface profilometry and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed the deposition of a uniform nano Ag thin film. A gradual increase in thickness was observed, and the film thickness (530 nm) at 5 min deposition time (Ti-Ag5 ) resulted in a reduction of the water contact angle (WCA, 15%) and an increase in surface energy (SFE, 22%) in comparison to the uncoated Ti surface...

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging approach for malignant tumor treatment, offering high precision, deep tissue penetration, and minimal side effects. The rapid advancements in nanotechnology, particularly in cancer treatment, have enhanced the efficacy and targeting specificity of SDT. Combining sonodynamic therapy with nanotechnology offers a promising direction for future cancer treatments. In this review, we first systematically discussed the anti-tumor mechanism of SDT and then summarized the common nanotechnology-related sonosensitizers and their recent applications...

With the development of biotechnology, biomaterials have been rapidly developed and shown great potential in bone regeneration therapy and bone tissue engineering. Nanoparticles have attracted the attention of researches and have applied in various fields especially in the biomedical field as the special physicochemical properties. Nanoparticles were found to regulate bone remodeling depending on their size, shape, composition, and charge. Therefore, in-depth research was necessary to provide the basic support to select the most suitable nanoparticles for bone relate diseases treatment...

BACKGROUND: The communities of El Salto and Juanacatlán face negative impacts on human and ecosystem health due to their proximity to the second-largest industrial area in Mexico. Despite living in a region negatively impacted by high levels of pollution, these communities have organised to foster planetary health by reforesting with native plants, campaigning to stop further industrial development, and founding the Xonacatlán Indigenous Council (XIC) to reclaim traditional ways of living...

BACKGROUND: Addressing complex and interconnected ecological, social, and health issues necessitates upstream, solutions-oriented, and whole-systems thinking. Specifically, exploring what it means to live in reciprocity with the planet and all living systems, now and for generations to come, can have a crucial role in advancing planetary health. METHODS: In this presentation, we show findings from four gatherings that we co-designed and co-hosted to connect communities, lands, waters, climate, and health...

STUDY DESIGN: Protocol for the development of clinical practice guidelines following the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) standards. OBJECTIVES: Acute SCI or intraoperative SCI (ISCI) can have devastating physical and psychological consequences for patients and their families. The treatment of SCI has dramatically evolved over the last century as a result of preclinical and clinical research that has addressed important knowledge gaps, including injury mechanisms, disease pathophysiology, medical management, and the role of surgery...

BACKGROUND: Patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) often suffer from cachexia, a wasting syndrome that significantly reduces both quality of life and survival. Although advanced cachexia is associated with inflammatory signalling and elevated muscle catabolism, the early events driving wasting are poorly defined. During periods of nutritional scarcity, the body relies on hepatic ketogenesis to generate ketone bodies, and lipid metabolism via ketogenesis is thought to protect muscle from catabolizing during nutritional scarcity...

BACKGROUND: Pseudonymization has become a best practice to securely manage the identities of patients and study participants in medical research projects and data sharing initiatives. This method offers the advantage of not requiring the direct identification of data to support various research processes while still allowing for advanced processing activities, such as data linkage. Often, pseudonymization and related functionalities are bundled in specific technical and organization units known as trusted third parties (TTPs)...

Animal-derived biomaterials have been extensively employed in clinical practice owing to their compositional and structural similarities with those of human tissues and organs, exhibiting good mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and extensive sources. However, there is an associated risk of infection with pathogenic microorganisms after the implantation of tissues from pigs, cattle, and other mammals in humans. Therefore, researchers have begun to explore the development of non-mammalian regenerative biomaterials...

Shaping room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials into three-dimensional (3D) bodies is important for stereoscopic optoelectronic displays, but remains challenging due to their poor processability and mechanical properties. Here, konjac glucomannan is employed to anchor arylboronic acids with various π conjugations via a facile B─O covalent reaction to afford printable inks, using which full-color high-fidelity 3D RTP objects with high mechanical strength can be obtained via direct ink writing-based 3D printing and freeze-drying...

Bacterial chemotaxis requires bidirectional flagellar rotation at different rates. Rotation is driven by a flagellar motor, which is a supercomplex containing multiple rings. Architectural uncertainty regarding the cytoplasmic C-ring, or 'switch', limits our understanding of how the motor transmits torque and direction to the flagellar rod. Here we report cryogenic electron microscopy structures for Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium inner membrane MS-ring and C-ring in a counterclockwise pose (4.0 Å) and isolated C-ring in a clockwise pose alone (4...

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death. Every specialty of medical practitioner will encounter PE in their patients, and should be prepared to employ contemporary strategies for diagnosis and initial risk-stratification. Treatment of PE is based on risk-stratification, with anticoagulation for all patients, and advanced modalities including systemic thrombolysis, catheter-directed therapies, and mechanical circulatory supports utilized in a manner paralleling PE severity and clinical context...

Epilepsy diagnosis is often delayed or inaccurate, exposing people to ongoing seizures and their substantial consequences until effective treatment is initiated. Important factors contributing to this problem include delayed recognition of seizure symptoms by patients and eyewitnesses; cultural, geographical, and financial barriers to seeking health care; and missed or delayed diagnosis by health-care providers. Epilepsy diagnosis involves several steps. The first step is recognition of epileptic seizures; next is classification of epilepsy type and whether an epilepsy syndrome is present; finally, the underlying epilepsy-associated comorbidities and potential causes must be identified, which differ across the lifespan...

Ordered pore engineering that embeds uniform pores with periodic alignment in electrocatalysts opens up a new avenue for achieving further performance promotion. Hierarchically ordered porous metal-organic frameworks (HOP-MOFs) possessing multi-level pores with ordered distribution are the promising precursors for the exploration of ordered porous electrocatalysts, while the scalable acquisition of HOP-MOFs with editable components and adjustable pore size regimes is critical. In this review, we presented recent progress on hierarchically ordered pore engineering of MOF-based materials for enhanced electrocatalysis...