Stem cells knee

The current first-line treatment for repairing cartilage defects in clinical practice is the creation of microfractures (MF) to stimulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); however, this method has many limitations. Recent studies have found that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) play an important role in tissue regeneration. This study aimed to verify whether MSC-EVs promote cartilage damage repair mediated by MFs and to explore the repair mechanisms. In vitro experiments showed that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly MSC-EVs (hWJMSC-EVs) promoted the vitality of chondrocytes and the proliferation and differentiation ability of bone marrow-derived MSCs...

Osteoarthritis affects 15% of people over 65 years of age. It is characterized by articular cartilage degradation and inflammation, leading to joint pain and disability. Osteoarthritis is incurable and the patients may eventually need joint replacement. An emerging treatment is mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), with over two hundred clinical trials being registered. However, the outcomes of these trials have fallen short of the expectation, due to heterogeneity of MSCs and uncertain mechanisms of action. It is generally believed that MSCs exert their function mainly by secreting immunomodulatory and trophic factors...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The level of physical activity in the daily lives of cancer survivors following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is crucial for maintaining their physical and mental health. Considering that life space mobility (LSM) may limit physical activity, maintaining and expanding LSM is particularly essential for post-HSCT survivors. This study aimed to identify factors influencing LSM in post-HSCT survivors. METHODS: Thirty cancer survivors after HSCT (14 women, mean age 52...

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common sports injury, which causes knee instability and abnormal joint kinematics. The current ACL graft was single-phasic, and not convenient for the formation of enthesis-like tissue in the bone tunnel, resulting in poor integration of graft-to-bone. METHODS: A band-shaped acellular tendon (BAT) was prepared as the core component of the ACL reconstruction graft at first, while sleeve-shaped acellular cartilage (SAC) or sleeve-shaped acellular bone (SAB) was fabricated using a vacuum aspiration system (VAS)-based decellularization protocol...

AIMS: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is known to induce several types of tissue regeneration by activating tissue-specific stem cells. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PEDF 29-mer peptide in the damaged articular cartilage (AC) in rat osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS: Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from rat bone marrow (BM) and used to evaluate the impact of 29-mer on chondrogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs in culture...

PURPOSE: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of concurrent cartilage procedures on cartilage regeneration when performed alongside high tibial osteotomy (HTO). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The systematic review followed the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A comprehensive search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, covering articles published until August 31, 2023...

BACKGROUND: To explore the ability of three-dimensional texture analyses based on gray-level run-length matrix (GLRLM) for examining the spatial distribution of pixel values on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation time maps and detecting the compositional variation of cartilage repair following treatment with allogeneic human adipose-derived mesenchymal progenitor cells (haMPCs). METHODS: Participants with knee osteoarthritis were randomly divided into three groups with intra-articular haMPCs injections: low-, medium-, and high-dose groups...

Injuries to the articular cartilage of the human knee joint, commonly resulting from trauma, inflammation, or age- and activity-related wear and tear, have significant implications, primarily leading to osteoarthritis (OA). Conservative treatments for such injuries often yield suboptimal clinical outcomes. Surgical interventions using current methods may not consistently provide satisfactory results, largely due to the formation of low-quality scar tissue lacking the biomechanical properties of hyaline cartilage...

During the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA), the synovium and infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) can serve as source for Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), two important pain-transmitting, immune, and inflammation modulating neuropeptides. Our previous studies showed that infrapatellar fat pad-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) acquire a potent immunomodulatory phenotype and actively degrade Substance P via CD10 both in vitro and in vivo. On this basis, our hypothesis is that CD10-bound IFP-MSC sEVs can be engineered to target CGRP while retaining their anti-inflammatory phenotype...

Meniscus injury is one of the most common sports injuries within the knee joint, which is also a crucial pathogenic factor for osteoarthritis (OA). The current meniscus substitution products are far from able to restore meniscal biofunctions due to the inability to reconstruct the gradient heterogeneity of natural meniscus from biological and biomechanical perspectives. Here, inspired by the topology self-induced effect and native meniscus microstructure, we present an innovative tissue-engineered meniscus (TEM) with a unique gradient-sized diamond-pored microstructure (GSDP-TEM) through dual-stage temperature control 3D-printing system based on the mechanical/biocompatibility compatible high Mw poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a significant health problem globally and is linked to a number of complications such as cardiovascular disease, bone fragility and periodontitis. Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) are a promising therapeutic approach for bone and periodontal regeneration; however, the effect of T2DM on the expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers in BM-MSCs is not fully established. Furthermore, the effect of the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and osteoarthritis on BM-MSCs is also yet to be investigated...

Currently available focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are fully or partially composed of metals, which show a large disparity in elastic modulus relative to bone and cartilage tissue. Although titanium is known for its excellent osseointegration, the application in FKRIs can lead to potential stress-shielding and metal implants can cause degeneration of the opposing articulating cartilage due to the high resulting contact stresses. Furthermore, metal implants do not allow for follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)...

BACKGROUND: Cartilage defects are some of the most common causes of arthritis. Cartilage lesions caused by inflammation, trauma or degenerative disease normally result in osteochondral defects. Previous studies have shown that decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from autologous, allogenic, or xenogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can effectively restore osteochondral integrity. AIM: To determine whether the decellularized ECM of antler reserve mesenchymal cells (RMCs), a xenogeneic material from antler stem cells, is superior to the currently available treatments for osteochondral defects...

BACKGROUND: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common orthopedic condition with an uncertain etiology, possibly involving genetics and biomechanics. Factors like changes in chondrocyte microenvironment, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune responses affect KOA development. Early-stage treatment options primarily target symptom relief. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for treatment, despite challenges. Recent research highlights microRNAs (miRNAs) within MSC-released extracellular vesicles that can potentially promote cartilage regeneration and hinder KOA progression...

PURPOSE: To compare the outcomes of treating large cartilage defects in knee osteoarthritis using human allogeneic umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUCB-MSC) implantation or arthroscopic microdrilling as a supplementary cartilage regenerative procedure combined with high tibial osteotomy (HTO). METHODS: This 1-year prospective comparative study included 25 patients with large, near full-thickness cartilage defects (International Cartilage Repair Society grade ≥ IIIB) in the medial femoral condyles and varus malalignment...

BACKGROUND: Focal chondral defects are often treated with cartilage restoration procedures. Malalignment often accompanies chondral defects. High tibial osteotomy (HTO), classically utilized to treat uni-compartmental knee osteoarthritis, corrects malalignment. HTO combined with cartilage restoration procedures can treat uni-compartmental osteoarthritis and focal chondral defects. PURPOSE: To assess outcomes of combined HTO and cartilage restoration procedures and review prognostic factors that may assist in preoperative planning and patient counseling...

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) injection has emerged as a novel treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA). In addition, low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been reported to delay the progression of OA. Thus, the current study on animal models of OA investigated the effectiveness of these methods when administered independently and combined. METHODS: Twenty-five guinea pig models of OA were randomly sorted into five study groups. The test groups received intra-articular MSC, LLLT, and a combination of these therapeutics for 8 weeks...

Osteoarthritis (OA) can arise from various factor including trauma, overuse, as well as degeneration resulting from age or disease. The specific treatment options will vary based on the severity of the condition, and the affected joints. Some common treatments for OA include lifestyle modifications, medications, physical therapy, surgery and tissue engineering (TE). For cartilage tissue engineering (CTE), three-dimension (3D) scaffolds are made of biocompatible natural polymers, which allow for the regeneration of new cartilage tissue...

OBJECTIVE: Marrow stimulation is used to address knee cartilage defects. In this study, we used the fragility index (FI), reverse fragility index (rFI), and fragility quotient (FQ) to evaluate statistical fragility of outcomes reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating marrow stimulation. DESIGN: PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE were queried for recent RCTs (January 1, 2010-September 5, 2023) assessing marrow stimulation for cartilage defects of the knee...

Meniscus tears in the avascular region undergoing partial or full meniscectomy lead to knee osteoarthritis and concurrent lifestyle hindrances in the young and aged alike. Here they reported ingenious photo-polymerizable autologous growth factor loaded 3D printed scaffolds to potentially treat meniscal defects . A shear-thinning photo-crosslinkable silk fibroin methacrylate-gelatin methacrylate-polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate biomaterial-ink is formulated and loaded with freeze-dried growth factor rich plasma (GFRP) ...