early detection of cancer

RATIONALE: Paraneoplastic neurological syndrome with anti-Hu antibody (Hu-PNS) is a neurological disorder that occur in patients with malignancy. The syndrome has a wide range of presentations and can present before diagnosis of primary malignancy. Familiarity with these paraneoplastic neurological syndromes can help early recognition and take appropriate regimens. PATIENTS CONCERNS: Diagnosis and treatment of Hu-PNS. DIAGNOSES: This is retrospective study that analyzed the clinical data of this case...

Chest radiography (CR) has been used as a screening tool for lung cancer and the use of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is not recommended in Japan. We need to reconsider whether CR really contributes to the early detection of lung cancer. In addition, we have not well discussed about other major thoracic disease detection by CR and LDCT compared with lung cancer despite of its high frequency. We review the usefulness of CR and LDCT as veridical screening tools for lung cancer and other thoracic diseases...

Colon cancer (CC) is a malignant tumor in the colon. Despite some progress in the early detection and treatment of CC in recent years, some patients still experience recurrence and metastasis. Therefore, it is urgent to better predict the prognosis of CC patients and identify new biomarkers. Recent studies have shown that anoikis-related genes (ARGs) play a significant role in the progression of many tumors. Hence, it is essential to confirm the role of ARGs in the development and treatment of CC by integrating scRNA-seq and transcriptome data...

Cancer genome profiling has revealed important genetic alterations that serve as prognostic indicators and guides for treatment decisions, enabling precision medicine. The shift to molecular diagnosis of brain tumors, as reflected in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System, is a crucial role for treatment decision-making. This review discusses the significance and role of cancer genome profiling in precision medicine for malignant brain tumors, particularly gliomas...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the ultrasound, CT findings, and clinical manifestations of pathologically confirmed metastases involving the subcutaneous fat layer of the trunk and pelvis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 30 patients with subcutaneous metastases in the trunk and pelvis, verified by ultrasound-guided biopsy. We comprehensively reviewed ultrasound findings of all 30 patients and contrast-enhanced CT findings of 25 patients obtained before biopsy...

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States despite declining incidence and improved outcomes because of advancements in early detection and development of novel therapies. Accurate mediastinal lymph node staging is crucial for determining prognosis and guiding treatment decisions, particularly for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: A systematic search of PubMed was conducted to identify English language articles published between January 2010 and January 2024 focusing on preoperative lymph node staging in adults with NSCLC...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is widely used, particularly in combination with high-risk (HR) HPV tests for cervical cancer screening. We developed a genotyping method using sequences of approximately 800 bp in the E6/E7 region obtained by PacBio single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) and evaluated its performance against MY09-11 L1 sequencing and after the APTIMA HPV genotyping assay. The levels of concordance of PacBio E6/E7 SMRT sequencing with MY09-11 L1 sequencing and APTIMA HPV genotyping were 100% and 90...

Methylation panels, tools for investigating epigenetic changes associated with diseases like cancer, can identify DNA methylation patterns indicative of disease, providing diagnostic or prognostic insights. However, the application of methylation panels focusing on the sex-determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1) and paired box gene 1 (PAX1) genes for diagnosing cervical lesions is under-researched. This study aims to examine the diagnostic performance of PAX1/SOX1 gene methylation as a marker for cervical precancerous lesions and its potential application in triage diagnosis...

BACKGROUND: In breast cancer screening programmes, women may have discussions with a healthcare provider to help them decide whether or not they wish to join the breast cancer screening programme. This process is called shared decision-making (SDM) and involves discussions and decisions based on the evidence and the person's values and preferences. SDM is becoming a recommended approach in clinical guidelines, extending beyond decision aids. However, the overall effect of SDM in women deciding to participate in breast cancer screening remains uncertain...

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES: Despite U.S. Preventive Services Task Force and American Cancer Society endorsement of primary HPV screening, limited published data shows low uptake. PRIMARY AIM: Assess cervical cancer screening rates over time, particularly primary HPV test uptake, among patients in a midwestern practice. SECONDARY AIM: Evaluate associations between sociodemographics and screening adherence. METHODS: Cross-sectional study...

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Addressing the critical challenge of early ovarian cancer (OC) detection, our study focuses on identifying novel biomarkers by analyzing preoperative peripheral blood exosomes from high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) patients and healthy controls. Utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics, we isolated and analyzed peripheral blood exosomes to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). This comprehensive analysis, supported by gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database assessments, revealed 28 proteins with decreased abundance and 33 with increased abundance in HGSC patients compared to controls...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant tumor of the colon and rectum. It can be cured if detected in the early stage through established screening programs. CRC screening is the best way to improve cancer morbidity and mortality. Various approaches such as stool tests, virtual colonoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy are available for early detection. On average, a person after reaching the age of 45 should begin the screening process for CRC periodically for 5 years. Our study aims to measure the population's awareness and knowledge of the effect of CRC screening on CRC outcomes...

Pancreatic cancer (PC), as one of the main endocrine and digestive systems malignancies has the highest cancer related mortality in the world. Lack of the evident clinical symptoms and appropriate diagnostic markers in the early stages of tumor progression are the main reasons of the high mortality rate among PC patients. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the molecular pathways involved in the PC progression, in order to introduce novel early diagnostic methods. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a critical cellular process associated with pancreatic tumor cells invasion and distant metastasis...

PURPOSE: Brain metastases (BMs) most frequently originate from the primary tumors of the lung and breast. Survival in patients with BM can improve if they are detected early. No studies attempt to consider all potential surgical predictive factors together by including clinical, radiological variables for their recognition. METHODS: The study aims to simultaneously analyze all clinical, radiologic, and surgical variables on a cohort of 314 patients with surgically-treated BMs to recognize the main features and differences between the two histotypes...

BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer represents a significant health concern globally and is the fourth most common cancer among women, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The primary cause is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types. Despite advancements in prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, disparities in cervical cancer outcomes persist due to variations in screening accessibility and socioeconomic factors. This study focuses on women in the Kyrgyz Republic, highlighting regional disparities and the critical role of early detection...

INTRODUCTION: Malnutrition is prevalent among individuals with gastric cancer and notably decreases their quality of life (QOL). However, the factors impacting QOL are yet to be clearly defined. This study aimed to identify essential factors impacting QOL in malnourished patients suffering from gastric cancer. METHODS: By using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) to assess the nutritional status (≥4 defined malnutrition) of hospitalized cancer patients, 4,586 gastric cancer patients were ultimately defined as malnourished...

The detection of specific intracellular microRNAs could be potentially helpful in understanding the underlying mechanisms of cancer metastasis and invasion. MiRNAs are usually present in lower expression levels, especially in early stage of cancer. Here, we proposed a "one-to-more" amplification strategy for miRNA imaging, by virtue of DNA strand displacements with dual-amplification. This approach involves leveraging high-abundance endogenous mRNA as fuel strand to drive cascade reactions between DNA strands for amplification, enabling the monitoring of low abundance intracellular miRNA155...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is prevalent worldwide, with disparities in screening, diagnosis, treatment outcomes, and survival. In Africa, the majority of women are diagnosed at advanced stages, affecting treatment outcomes. Screening is one of the best strategies to reduce mortality rates caused by this cancer. Yet in a resource-constrained setting, there is limited access to screening and early detection services, which are available only at a few referral hospitals. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and screening results of breast cancer using clinical breast examination coupled with fine needle aspiration cytology in a resource-constraint setting...

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous noncoding RNAs, and alterations in their expression may contribute to oncogenesis. Discovering a unique miRNA pattern holds the potential for early detection and novel treatment possibilities in cancer. This study aimed to evaluate miRNA expression in pediatric patients with gonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs), focusing on characterizing the miRNA profiles of each histological subtype and identifying a distinct histological miRNA signature for a total of 42 samples of pediatric gonadal GCTs...