chronic stress

AIM: Armed conflict remains a tragic feature of the modern world and so it is necessary to continue to study its health impacts. Even the study of historical conflicts is relevant given that certain health impacts are common to most wars e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: This study built on a previous quantitative analysis of a randomly selected group of 200 New Zealand veterans from the First World War (WWI). From this sample we selected 10 cases that illustrated particular themes around morbidity impacts...

Introduction. Patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis (HD) treatment have an 8-10 times higher risk of experiencing stroke events and developing cognitive impairment. The high vascular stress they are subjected to may be the basis for the development of vascular dementia (VaD). Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the executive functions, typically impaired in VaD, of patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis treatment. Method. HD patients were recruited from the U.O.C. of Nephrology and Dialysis (ASP Ragusa)...

Objectives We aim to estimate the prevalence of anxiety among pregnant women, explore the possible risk factors, and compare the presence of anxiety in each gestational trimester in all pregnant women attending the antenatal care clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Manama, Bahrain. Methods This study followed a cross-sectional research design at the antenatal clinics of Salmaniya Medical Complex in Manama, Bahrain. Direct interviews with 513 participants were conducted using the Pregnancy Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised-2 (PRAQ-R2)...

Chronic pancreatitis (CP), an inflammatory disease characterized by irreversible pancreatic changes and progressive fibrosis, significantly impairs patients' quality of life. This systematic review aims to assess the efficacy of antioxidant therapy in enhancing the quality of life of CP patients. Focusing on the role of oxidative stress in CP pathogenesis, we explored several databases for studies evaluating the impact of antioxidant supplementation. The review included randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting pain frequency, intensity, and overall quality of life measures...

Saffron, derived from Crocus sativus, is gaining research attention for potential therapeutic applications. Its diverse clinical applications extend to cardiovascular health, diabetes management, sleep quality, psychiatric illnesses, and rheumatoid arthritis. Saffron's positive effects on blood pressure, glucose levels, cognitive function, and inflammatory markers contribute to its versatility. Additionally, carotenoids like crocin and crocetin suggest anti-cancer potential. In terms of reproductive health, saffron's impact on male reproductive health shows conflicting findings on semen parameters...

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune systemic inflammatory disease that affects the joints and other vital organs and diminishes the quality of life. The current developments and innovative treatment options have significantly slowed disease progression and improved their quality of life. Medicaments can be delivered to the inflamed synovium via nanoparticle systems, minimizing systemic and undesirable side effects. Numerous nanoparticles such as polymeric, liposomal, and metallic nanoparticles reported are impending as a good carrier with therapeutic properties...

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a chronic disease presenting with severe fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and cognitive disturbances-among a spectrum of symptoms-that collectively render the patient housebound or bedbound. Epigenetic studies in ME/CFS collectively confirm alterations and/or malfunctions in cellular and organismal physiology associated with immune responses, cellular metabolism, cell death and proliferation, and neuronal and endothelial cell function. The sudden onset of ME/CFS follows a major stress factor that, in approximately 70% of cases, involves viral infection, and ME/CFS symptoms overlap with those of long COVID...

Astaxanthin is a keto-based carotenoid mainly obtained from marine organisms, like Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pluvialis). Previous studies indicated the protective effects of Astaxanthin and H. pluvialis on aging related oxidative injury in liver, while the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. In addition, H. pluvialis residue is a by-product after astaxanthin extraction, which is rarely studied and utilized. The present study aimed to compare the effects of astaxanthin, H. pluvialis and H. pluvialis residue on the oxidant injury of liver in D-galactose-induced aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms through gut-liver axis...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder. Its prevalence has increased due to increasing obesity and improved screening and diagnostic strategies. OSA overlaps with cardiopulmonary diseases to promote intermittent hypoxia and autonomic dysfunction. Intermittent hypoxia increases the risk for oxidative stress and inflammation, which promotes endothelial dysfunction and predisposes to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular complications. OSA is associated with an increased sympathetic nervous system drive resulting in autonomic dysfunction leading to worsening of cardiopulmonary diseases...

OBJECTIVES: Glucose fluctuations are more harmful than persistent hyperglycemia for chronic complications of diabetes. However, the relationship between cognition and glucose fluctuations in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) complicated by type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the association between short-term glucose fluctuations and cognition in patients with AIS complicated by T2DM. DESIGN: A cohort study with a 2-year follow-up...

Intestinal oxidative stress in broilers is produced by chronic heat stress (HS) and has a negative impact on poultry performance as it induces intestinal inflammation and promotes the invasion of gram-negative bacteria, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore, dietary inclusion of the antioxidant compound, ethoxyquin (EQ), could improve enteric antioxidant capacity, immune responses, and the epithelial barrier, and maintain the symbiotic gut microbiota community. To investigate the effects of EQ supplementation on alleviating enteric oxidative stress in heat-stressed broilers, 200 one-day-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 50 chicks/group; n = 10 chicks/replicate) and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (CT), 50 (EQ-50), 100 (EQ-100), and 200 (EQ-200) mg EQ/ kg-1 for 5 wk...

This qualitative study was conducted to explore the common dyadic coping (DC) efforts of married couples, with a chronically ill partner. The sample for the study consisted of twelve couples chosen from Gujrat, Pakistan. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with the help of an interview guide and analyzed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006). The following four major themes were emerged: "common problem-focused DC," "common emotion-focused DC," "common religious DC," and "combined pattern of intimate relationships...

BACKGROUND: Benign gallbladder diseases have become a high-prevalence condition not only in China but also worldwide. The main types of benign gallbladder diseases include gallbladder polyps, acute and chronic cholecystitis, and gallstones, with gallstones being the most common, accounting for over 70% of cases. Although the mortality rate of benign gallbladder diseases is low, they carry obvious potential risks. Studies have shown that an increased incidence of benign gallbladder diseases can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and gallbladder cancer, resulting in a substantial disease burden on patients and their families...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Mounting evidence highlights a strong association between chronic pancreatitis (CP) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), although the exact mechanism of interaction remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the crosstalk genes and pathogenesis between CP and T2D. METHODS: Transcriptomic gene expression profiles of CP and T2D were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus, respectively, and the common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were subsequently identified...

INTRODUCTION: The research criteria for prodromal Parkinson disease (pPD) depends on prospectively validated clinical inputs with large effect sizes and/or high prevalence. Neither traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), nor chronic pain are currently included in the calculator, despite recent evidence of association with pPD. These conditions are widely prevalent, co-occurring, and already known to confer risk of REM behavior disorder (RBD) and PD. Few studies have examined PD risk in the context of TBI and PTSD; none have examined chronic pain...

Ferroptosis, a type of programmed cell death that relies on iron, is distinct in terms of its morphological, biochemical and genetic features. Unlike other forms of cell death, such as autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, ferroptosis is primarily caused by lipid peroxidation. Cells that die due to iron can potentially trigger an immune response which intensifies inflammation and causes severe inflammatory reactions that eventually lead to multiple organ failure. In recent years, ferroptosis has been identified in an increasing number of medical fields, including neurological pathologies, chronic liver diseases and sepsis...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is connected to mitochondria through mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs). MAMs provide a framework for crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria, playing a crucial role in regulating cellular calcium balance, lipid metabolism, and cell death. Dysregulation of MAMs is involved in the development of chronic liver disease (CLD). In CLD, changes in MAMs structure and function occur due to factors such as cellular stress, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading to abnormal interactions between mitochondria and the ER, resulting in liver cell injury, fibrosis, and impaired liver function...

BACKGROUND: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited...

BACKGROUND: Monitoring of training load is done to improve physical performance and minimize the incidence of injuries. The study examined the correlation between accumulated training load parameters based on periods with maturity (i.e., maturity offset and peak height velocity -PHV- and wellness variables -e.g., stress and sleep quality-). The second aim was to analyze the multi-linear regression between the above indicators. METHODS: Twenty elite young U14 soccer players (M = 13...

Adaptation to hypothermia is important for skeletal muscle cells under physiological stress and is used for therapeutic hypothermia (mild hypothermia at 32  °C). We show that hypothermic preconditioning at 32  °C for 72 hours improves the differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts using both C2C12 and primary myoblasts isolated from 3 month and 18-month-old mice. We analyzed the cold-shock proteome of myoblasts exposed to hypothermia (32  °C for 6 and 48 h) and identified significant changes in pathways related to RNA processing and central carbon, fatty acid, and redox metabolism...