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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shruti K Gohil, Edward Septimus, Ken Kleinman, Neha Varma, Taliser R Avery, Lauren Heim, Risa Rahm, William S Cooper, Mandelin Cooper, Laura E McLean, Naoise G Nickolay, Robert A Weinstein, L Hayley Burgess, Micaela H Coady, Edward Rosen, Selsebil Sljivo, Kenneth E Sands, Julia Moody, Justin Vigeant, Syma Rashid, Rebecca F Gilbert, Kim N Smith, Brandon Carver, Russell E Poland, Jason Hickok, S G Sturdevant, Michael S Calderwood, Anastasiia Weiland, David W Kubiak, Sujan Reddy, Melinda M Neuhauser, Arjun Srinivasan, John A Jernigan, Mary K Hayden, Abinav Gowda, Katyuska Eibensteiner, Robert Wolf, Jonathan B Perlin, Richard Platt, Susan S Huang
IMPORTANCE: Pneumonia is the most common infection requiring hospitalization and is a major reason for overuse of extended-spectrum antibiotics. Despite low risk of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection, clinical uncertainty often drives initial antibiotic selection. Strategies to limit empiric antibiotic overuse for patients with pneumonia are needed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether computerized provider order entry (CPOE) prompts providing patient- and pathogen-specific MDRO infection risk estimates could reduce empiric extended-spectrum antibiotics for non-critically ill patients admitted with pneumonia...
April 19, 2024: JAMA
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Tang, Z-G Zhong, C-D Wu
OBJECTIVE: Dexmedetomidine has demonstrated potential in preclinical medical research as a protective agent against inflammatory injuries and a provider of neuroprotective benefits. However, its effect on the short-term prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy remains unclear. This study aims to explore the underlying value of dexmedetomidine in these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study enrolled patients with sepsis-associated encephalopathy from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database, and they were divided into two groups based on dexmedetomidine therapy during hospitalization...
April 2024: European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences
#3
REVIEW
Uğur Önal, Halis Akalın
This study aimed to identify opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients in Turkey. Therefore, we conducted a systematic literature review of the studies published up to October 1, 2022, in the Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), and ULAKBİM TR Dizin databases. We searched for medical subject headings (MeSH) terms of (HIV) OR (AIDS) OR (human immunodeficiency virus) AND (opportunistic infections) AND (Turkey). Fifty-five studies in Pubmed, 68 in WoS, and 212 in ULAKBİM TR Dizin were listed with these keywords...
June 2023: Infect Dis Clin Microbiol
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicola K Wills, Marguerite Adriaanse, Shandri Erasmus, Sean Wasserman
BACKGROUND: The performance of chest x-ray (CXR) features for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) diagnosis has been evaluated in small studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe CXR changes in adults with HIV-associated laboratory-confirmed PCP, comparing these with non-PCP respiratory disease. METHODS: We searched databases for studies reporting CXR changes in people >15 years old with HIV and laboratory-confirmed PCP and those with non-PCP respiratory disease...
April 2024: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Study on mNGS Technique in Diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Non-HIV-Infected Patients.
Shuai Li, Xue Han, Jing Ma, Guo-Hong Huang, Shu-Ting Yang, Chang-Min Wang
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) in diagnosing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, non-HIV-infected patients with PJP and those diagnosed with non-PJP from August 2022 to December 2024 were selected as subjects. The presence of Pneumocystis jirovecii (PJ) and other co-pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed, and the diagnostic efficacy of NGS, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serum 1,3-β-D-glucan (BDG) in PJP was compared with the reference standard of clinical compound diagnosis...
2024: Infection and Drug Resistance
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marufa Sultana, Jennifer J Watts, Nur H Alam, A S G Faruque, George J Fuchs, Niklaus Gyr, Nausad Ali, Md Jobayer Chisti, Tahmeed Ahmed, Julie Abimanyi-Ochom, Lisa Gold
OBJECTIVE: To estimate inpatient care costs of childhood severe pneumonia and its urban-rural cost variation, and to predict cost drivers. DESIGN: The study was nested within a cluster randomised trial of childhood severe pneumonia management. Cost per episode of severe pneumonia was estimated from a healthcare provider perspective for children who received care from public inpatient facilities. A bottom-up micro-costing approach was applied and data collected using structured questionnaire and review of the patient record...
April 15, 2024: Archives of Disease in Childhood
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Xin Liew, Aloysius Yew Leng Ho, Gee Chuan Wong, Shimin Jasmine Chung, Thuan Tong Tan, Ban Hock Tan
BACKGROUND: In Haematology, prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is recommended for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and in selected categories of intensive chemotherapy for hematological malignancies. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is the recommended first-line agent, but its use is not straightforward. Inhaled pentamidine is the recommended second-line agent but aerosolized medications were discouraged during respiratory virus outbreaks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of potential contamination risks...
April 12, 2024: International Journal of Infectious Diseases: IJID
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Toyoshi Yanagihara, Kentaro Hata, Keisuke Matsubara, Kazufumi Kunimura, Kunihiro Suzuki, Kazuya Tsubouchi, Satoshi Ikegame, Yoshihiro Baba, Yoshinori Fukui, Isamu Okamoto
Anticancer treatments can result in various adverse effects, including infections due to immune suppression/dysregulation and drug-induced toxicity in the lung. One of the major opportunistic infections is Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), which can cause severe respiratory complications and high mortality rates. Cytotoxic drugs and immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can induce interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Nonetheless, the differentiation of these diseases can be difficult, and the pathogenic mechanisms of such diseases are not yet fully understood...
April 12, 2024: ELife
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Malin Bergstrom, Anika Rahim, Jane Akodu, Gavin Marshall, Cora Harrison, Louisa Penrose, Marc Ci Lipman, Robert F Miller
Receipt of nebulised pentamidine in people with HIV was audited to identify if individuals were appropriately receiving nebulised pentamidine, and whether national guidelines were being followed when prophylaxis was commenced and discontinued. Of 76 people with who received nebulised pentamidine, the main indication for starting nebulised pentamidine was a co-trimoxazole adverse drug reaction. Co-trimoxazole desensitization was not attempted before starting nebulised pentamidine. The main indication for stopping nebulised pentamidine prophylaxis was when immune reconstitution occurred...
April 12, 2024: International Journal of STD & AIDS
#10
REVIEW
Connor Prosty, Khaled Katergi, Mark Sorin, Marianne Bou Rjeily, Guillaume Butler-Laporte, Emily G McDonald, Todd C Lee
BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is a common opportunistic infection among people living with HIV (PLWH), particularly among new and untreated cases. Several regimens are available for the prophylaxis of PCP including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), dapsone-based regimens (DBRs), aerosolized pentamidine (AP), and atovaquone. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of PCP prophylaxis regimens in PLWH by network meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Embase, MedLine, and CENTRAL from inception to June 21, 2023...
April 5, 2024: Clinical Microbiology and Infection
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maaha Ayub, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Najia Ghanchi, Safia Awan, Kauser Jabeen, Ali Zubairi
In this study, we compared the predisposing factors, key demographic and clinical characteristics, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with poor prognosis in pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) infection among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and non-HIV patient populations. This retrospective analysis was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, via the collection and analysis of patient records with a diagnosis of "pneumocystosis" between January 2015 and October 2020. Additionally, the laboratory database was evaluated, and patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of PCP were included...
April 3, 2024: Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease
#12
REVIEW
Hong Cao, Yan Chen, Long Ge, Joey Sum-Wing Kwong, Honghao Lai, Fangfang Hu, Rui Zhang, Huaye Zhao, Linfang Hu, Rui He, Wenyi Zheng, Jiaxing Zhang
BACKGROUND: An increasing number of systematic reviews (SRs) have evaluated the diagnostic values of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in infectious diseases (IDs). AIM: This umbrella analysis aimed to assess the potential risk of bias in existing SRs and to summarize the published diagnostic values of NGS in different IDs. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until September 2023 for SRs assessing the diagnostic validity of NGS for IDs...
April 3, 2024: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simran Gupta, Lisa M Bebell
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 1, 2024: Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jordan E Roberts, Anna Faino, Mersine A Bryan, Jonathan D Cogen, Esi M Morgan
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the frequency and types of infections in hospitalized children with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE), and to identify risk factors for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of youth 2-21 years of age with ICD codes for SLE during admission to a hospital participating in the Pediatric Health Information System, a database of United States children's hospitals, from 2009-2021...
April 1, 2024: Journal of Rheumatology
#15
Emily Krier, Ursulina Tomczak, Thomas Checketts, Saurabh Chandan
Pneumocystis jirovecii is an opportunistic fungus typically causing pulmonary infection in immunocompromised persons. We present a case of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in a patient with alcoholic hepatitis and underlying cirrhosis. PJP in patients with alcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis is sparsely reported in literature. This condition carries a poor prognosis and high mortality. Clinicians need to recognize alcohol use resulting in liver damage as a significant etiological risk factor for PJP.
April 2024: ACG Case Reports Journal
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Nisarg, Praveen Kumar Tirlangi, Prithvishree Ravindra, Rachana Bhat, Sachin Nayak Sujir, Sai Deepak Alli, Soumi Chowdhury, Venkat Abhiram Earny, Nitin Gupta, Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
BACKGROUND: Septic melioidosis is associated with high mortality in resource-limited settings. The current study aims to find 28-d all-cause mortality predictors within 24 h of admission in melioidosis patients presenting to an emergency department. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study (2018-2022) included melioidosis patients divided into two groups based on their primary outcomes (28-d mortality). All the clinically relevant factors significant in univariate analysis were selected for binary logistic regression analysis...
March 30, 2024: Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chunxia Lei, Chunhui Wan, Caixia Liu
INTRODUCTION: Congenital surfactant deficiency, often caused by mutations in genes involved in surfactant biosynthesis such as ABCA3, presents a significant challenge in neonatal care due to its severe respiratory manifestations. This study aims to analyze the clinical data of a newborn male diagnosed with pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 3 resulting from ABCA3 gene mutations to provide insights into the management of this condition. PATIENT CONCERNS: A newly born male child aged 1 day and 3 hours was referred to our department due to poor crying and shortness of breath...
March 29, 2024: Medicine (Baltimore)
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iván Arturo Rodríguez-Sabogal, Ruth Cabrera, Diana Marin, Lucelly Lopez, Yudy Aguilar, Gustavo Gomez, Katherine Peña-Valencia, Will Riaño, Lázaro Vélez, Yoav Keynan, Zulma Vanessa Rueda
The frequency of respiratory viruses in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and their impact on lung function remain unclear. We aimed to determine the frequency of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum samples in PLHIV and correlate their presence with lung function. A prospective cohort of adults hospitalized in Medellín between September 2016 and December 2018 included three groups: group 1 = people diagnosed with HIV and a diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), group 2 = HIV, and group 3 = CAP...
February 23, 2024: Viruses
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily L Coffey, Liang Ma, Ousmane H Cissé, Joseph A Kovacs, Katie M Minor, Antti Sukura, Patrizia Danesi, Steven G Friedenberg, Jonah N Cullen, Christiane Weissenbacher-Lang, Julie C Nadeau, Amber M Graham, Martin N Granick, Natalie K Branson, Kyle C Branson, Barbara Blasi, Casandra M Jacobs, Eva Furrow
Pet dogs are a valuable natural animal model for studying relationships between primary immunodeficiencies and susceptibility to Pneumocystis and other opportunistic respiratory pathogens. Certain breeds, such as the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, are over-represented for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), suggesting the presence of a primary immunodeficiency in the breed. Here, we report the discovery of a CARMIL2 nonsense variant in three Cavalier King Charles Spaniel dogs with either PCP (n = 2) or refractory Bordetella pneumonia (n = 1)...
March 5, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
#20
Tingting Yang, Yikan Ding, Yajie Fu, Hongchao Chen
Muyocopron laterale is a type of endophytic fungus that parasitizes monocotyledonous plants. Cases of humans and other mammals being infected by M. laterale are very rare around the world. We report the first case of subcutaneous mycosis caused by M. laterale in China. A kidney transplant recipient was admitted for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and subsequently developed left calf redness and swelling due to a M. laterale infection. The patient was treated with sulfamethoxazole and voriconazole and underwent five surgical debridements and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) applications with the left leg...
March 2024: Medical Mycology Case Reports
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