Helios T cell

Regulatory T cells (Treg) have potential for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and graft rejection. Antigen-specificity and functional stability are considered to be critical for their therapeutic efficacy. In this study, expansion of human Treg in the presence of porcine PBMC (Xn-Treg) allowed the selection of a distinct Treg subset, co-expressing the activation/memory surface markers HLA-DR and CD27 with enhanced proportion of FOXP3+Helios+ Tregs. Compared to their unsorted and HLA-DA+CD27+ double positive (DP) cell depleted Xn-Treg counterparts, HLA-DR+CD27+ DP-Enriched Xn-Treg expressed upregulated Treg function markers CD95 and ICOS with enhanced suppression of xenogeneic but not polyclonal MLR...

In murine periodontitis, the Th17 response against Porphyromonas gingivalis in CLN is abrogated by diphtheria toxin-driven depletion of Langerhans cells (LCs). We determined the impact of MHC-II presentation in LCs on Th17 cells in the oral mucosa of mice. Using an established human-Langerin promoter-Cre mouse model we generated LC-specific deletion of the H2-Ab1 (MHC-II) gene. MHC-II expression was ablated in 81.2% of oral-resident LCs compared to >99% of skin-resident LCs. MHC-II (LCΔMHC-II ) depletion did not reduce the number of CD4 T cells nor the frequency of Th17 cells when compared to wild-type mice...

Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), provides significant insights into the mechanisms that initiate and drive autoimmunity. MS is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, characterized by inflammatory infiltration associated with demyelination. T lymphocyte cells play a crucial role in MS, whereas natural T regulatory (nTreg) cells prevent autoimmune inflammation by suppressing lymphocyte activity. This study sought to investigate the role of PD98059, a selective MAP kinase inhibitor, in Th1, Th9, Th17, and nTreg cells using the SJL/J mouse model of EAE...

Glioblastoma is the most frequent primary malignant brain tumor without effective treatment, which makes this work extremely relevant. The study of the bioactive compounds from medicinal plants plays an important role in the discovery of new drugs.This research investigated the constituents of Tapirira guianensis and its antitumor potential ( in vitro and in vivo) in glioblastoma. The T. guianensis extracts were characterized by mass spectrometry. The ethyl acetate partition (01ID) and its fractions 01ID-F2 and 01ID-F4 from T...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the changes and significance of circulating Helios-associated T cell subsets in patients with early-stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS: Blood samples were collected from 35 healthy controls and 34 patients with early-stage LUAD. Flow cytometry was used to analyze various CD4+ T cell subsets, including regulatory T(Treg) cells, follicular regulatory T(Tfr) cells, follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, and conventional T (con-T) cells...

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common childhood sarcoma, and its treatment is hindered by adverse effects, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Interleukin (IL)-6 production by tumors plays a significant role in inflammation, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative potential of luteolin derivatives in OS and to evaluate interleukin production. MG-63, Saos-2, HOS, and 143B human OS cell lines were incubated with luteolin and eight derivatives containing hydroxy, chlorine, or alkyl substitutions...

Current methods for biomarker discovery and target identification in immuno-oncology rely on static snapshots of tumor immunity. To thoroughly characterize the temporal nature of antitumor immune responses, we developed a 34-parameter spectral flow cytometry panel and performed high-throughput analyses in critical contexts. We leveraged two distinct preclinical models that recapitulate cancer immunoediting (NPK-C1) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response (MC38), respectively, and profiled multiple relevant tissues at and around key inflection points of immune surveillance and escape and/or ICB response...

Obesity, which continues to increase worldwide, was shown to irreversibly impair the differentiation potential and angiogenic properties of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs). Because these cells are intended for regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and the effects of obesity on the immunomodulatory properties of ADSCs are not yet clear, here we investigated how ADSCs isolated from former obese subjects (Ex-Ob) would influence macrophage differentiation and polarization, since these cells are the main instructors of inflammatory responses...

Local regional recurrence (LRR) remains the primary cause of treatment failure in solid tumors despite advancements in cancer therapies. Canady Helios Cold Plasma (CHCP) is a novel Cold Atmospheric Plasma device that generates an Electromagnetic Field and Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species to induce cancer cell death. In the first FDA-approved Phase I trial (March 2020-April 2021), 20 patients with stage IV or recurrent solid tumors underwent surgical resection combined with intra-operative CHCP treatment...

BACKGROUND: Follicular helper T (Tfh), follicular regulatory T (Tfr), and follicular cytotoxic T (Tfc) cells play important roles in autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, their changes of functional phenotypes in ulcerative colitis (UC), most importantly, their changes in colon tissue as the target-organ, have not been explored. METHODS: DSS-colitis was induced in Balb/c mice and lymphocytes were collected from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, peripheral blood and colon...

The transcriptional regulators that drive regulatory T (Treg) cell development and function remain partially understood. Helios (Ikzf2) and Eos (Ikzf4) are closely-related members of the Ikaros family of transcription factors. They are highly expressed in CD4+ Treg cells and functionally important for Treg cell biology, as mice deficient for either Helios or Eos are susceptible to autoimmune diseases. However, it remains unknown if these factors exhibit specific or partially redundant functions in Treg cells...

Chromones and triazoles are groups of heterocyclic compounds widely known to exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. The combination of these two pharmacophores could result in multiple mechanisms of action to increase the potency of anticancer drugs and reduce their side effects. The in vitro antitumor effect of eight chromone-based compounds was evaluated in breast (T-47D and MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines, and in non-cancerous human mammary epithelial cells (HuMEC) using a resazurin-based method...

INTRODUCTION: The beneficial effects of physical exercise on functional capacity and inflammatory response are well-known in cardiovascular diseases; however, studies on sickle cell disease (SCD) are limited. It was hypothesized that physical exercise may exert a favorable effect on the inflammatory response of SCD patients, contributing to an improved quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a regular physical exercise program on the anti-inflammatory responses in SCD patients...

Foxp3 is regarded as the major transcription factor for T regulatory (Treg ) cells and expression of Foxp3 is used to identify and quantitate Treg cells in mouse models. However, several studies have demonstrated that human CD4+ T conventional (Tconv ) cells activated in vitro by T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation can express Foxp3. This observation has raised doubt as to the suitability of Foxp3 as a Treg marker in man. Helios, a member of the Ikaros gene family, has been shown to be expressed by 80-90% of human Foxp3+ Treg cells and can potentially serve as a marker of human Treg ...

BACKGROUND: Helios (encoded by IKZF2 ), a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is a zinc finger protein involved in embryogenesis and immune function. Although predominantly recognised for its role in the development and function of T lymphocytes, particularly the CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), the expression and function of Helios extends beyond the immune system. During embryogenesis, Helios is expressed in a wide range of tissues, making genetic variants that disrupt the function of Helios strong candidates for causing widespread immune-related and developmental abnormalities in humans...

Foxp3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the colon are key to promoting peaceful co-existence with symbiotic microbes. Differentiated in either thymic or peripheral locations, and modulated by microbes and other cellular influencers, colonic Treg subsets have been identified through key transcription factors (TF; Helios, Rorg, Gata3, cMaf), but their inter-relationships are unclear. Applying a multimodal array of immunologic, genomic, and microbiological assays, we find more overlap than expected between populations...

BACKGROUND: Corneal transplantations (CTXs) are a vision-saving procedure. Routinely, while CTXs' survival rates remain high, the risk of graft failure increases significantly for repeated CTXs. The reason is an alloimmunization following previous CTXs and development of memory T (Tm) and B (Bm) cells. METHODS: We characterized populations of cells present in explanted human corneas from patients receiving the first CTX and marked as a primary CTX (PCTX) or the second or more CTXs and marked as a repeated CTX (RCTX)...

Survival and pulmonary recuperation following Influenza A (IAV) infection requires a well-orchestrated balance between pro-inflammatory and regulatory cells of the immune response. IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family of alarmins, is abundantly released in the lungs during IAV infections where it promotes anti-viral TH 1 responses. However, there is cumulating evidence that TREG cells can also recognize IL-18, although the mechanisms involved remain ill-defined. Through genetic disruption of the IL-18 receptor, we demonstrate that IL-18 not only promotes pulmonary TH 1 responses, but also influences TREG function in the infected lungs...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic alcohol use poses significant negative consequences to public health and, among its many biologic effects, is associated with significant T cell dysregulation within the adaptive immune system that has yet to be fully characterized. Novel, automated strategies for high dimensional flow cytometric analysis of the immune system are rapidly improving researchers' ability to detect and characterize rare cell types. METHODS: Using a murine model of chronic alcohol ingestion in conjunction with viSNE and CITRUS analysis tools, we performed a machine-driven, exploratory analysis comparing rare splenic subpopulations within the conventional CD4+ , regulatory CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments between alcohol- and water-fed animals...

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative, immobile, aerobic nosocomial opportunistic coccobacillus that causes pneumonia, septicemia, and urinary tract infections in immunosuppressed patients. There are no commercially available alternative antimicrobials, and multi-drug resistance is an urgent concern that requires emergency measures and new therapeutic strategies. This study evaluated a multi-drug-resistant A. baumannii whole-cell vaccine, inactivated and adsorbed on an aluminum hydroxide-chitosan (mAhC) matrix, in an A...