Ectasia

INTRODUCTION: Corneal ectasia leads to progressive irregular corneal curvature and reduced visual acuity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and effectiveness of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for managing corneal ectasia resulting from refractive laser surgery (RSL). METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were realized according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for studies on CXL in patients with ectasia after RLS...

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A 48-year-old male with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) presented with bilateral diminution of vision. Ocular examination revealed bilateral central corneal thinning, scarring with ectasia, depigmented irides, transillumination defects, and pseudophakia. Examination of the right eye also revealed a hyperoleon, emulsified silicon oil in the vitreous cavity, and an attached retina, while the left eye had a total rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This case describes a unique set of challenges (the presence of an ectatic scarred cornea and a hypopigmented fundus) and sodium fluorescein dye as an adjunct in the surgical management of a complex RRD...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: New developments in artificial intelligence, particularly with promising results in early detection and management of keratoconus, have favorably altered the natural history of the disease over the last few decades. Features of artificial intelligence in different machine such as anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and femtosecond laser technique have improved safety, precision, effectiveness, and predictability of treatment modalities of keratoconus (from contact lenses to keratoplasty techniques)...

OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the effect of combining corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) with refractive laser ablation techniques for the treatment of keratoconus, a progressive corneal disorder. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of combined CXL and refractive techniques. We included all published clinical trials or observational studies published by September 1, 2023. We calculated and compared the standardized mean difference (SMD) between CXL alone and CXL plus laser ablation for uncorrected distance visual acuity, best-corrected distance visual acuity, spherical equivalent manifest refraction, sphere and cylinder, flat keratometry (K1 ), steep keratometry (K2 ), and central corneal thickness...

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PURPOSE: To compare the visual, refractive, and topographic outcomes of a high irradiance accelerated corneal crosslinking (ACXL) protocol after a 12-month follow-up between pediatric and adult patients with progressive keratoconus (KC). METHODS: Retrospective, comparative, cohort study. Patients with KC were divided into two groups: pediatric (≤ 18 years) and adult (> 18 years). All of them were managed with epi-OFF ACXL (30 mW/cm2 , 8 min, pulsed 1:1 on and off = 7...

OBJECTIVES: Though initially protected from vessel dilation by estrogen, women may experience rapid abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) growth post-menopause. The rate of growth has been poorly defined in prior literature. Here we describe aneurysm growth in a cohort of women found through an AAA screening program. METHODS: Women with AAA were retrospectively identified. Aortic imaging was reviewed, and measurements of maximum transverse and anterior-posterior diameters were completed...

The nipple-areolar complex (NAC), a unique anatomic structure of the breast, encompasses the terminal intramammary ducts and skin appendages. Several benign and malignant diseases can arise within the NAC. As several conditions have overlapping symptoms and imaging findings, understanding the distinctive nipple anatomy, as well as the clinical and imaging features of each NAC disease process, is essential. A multimodality imaging approach is optimal in the presence or absence of clinical symptoms. The authors review the ductal anatomy and anomalies, including congenital abnormalities and nipple retraction...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Scheimpflug tomographically normal fellow eyes of keratoconus patients are also classified as normal using an ectasia screening algorithm based on anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). METHODS: This monocentric cross-sectional study included 22 very asymmetric ectasia patients with tomographically significant keratoconus in 1 eye and normal Scheimpflug tomography in the fellow eye...

We present a 57-year-old woman with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE), initially treated as acne. She noted blemishes, including nodules and facial swelling for nine months associated with discrete itching of the ears. Examination showed multiple malar nodules, comedones, pustules, atrophic scars, and hyperpigmentation. A biopsy was performed and revealed atrophic epidermis, discrete hyperkeratosis, vacuolar degeneration of basal layer, basal membrane zone with upper dermal lymphohistiocytic inflammatory infiltrate and deep perivascular and peri-adenexal lymphocytes, vascular ectasia, and mucin deposits...

Introduction: Keratoconus (KTCN) is a corneal ectasia, characterized by a progressive thinning and protrusion of the cornea, with a complex etiology involving genetic, behavioral, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Previous studies indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) could be involved in KTCN pathogenesis. This in silico study aimed to identify precursor microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) differentially expressed in KTCN corneas and to characterize mature miRNAs and their target genes. Materials and methods: Expression levels of pre-miRNAs were retrieved from our previously obtained RNA sequencing data of 25 KTCN and 25 non-KTCN human corneas (PMID:28145428, PMID:30994860)...

Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is an uncommon cause of upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds. Due to the high vascularity of the region, transient bacteremia due to manipulation of the GI tract can very rarely cause the translocation of bacteria. We present a rare case in which endoscopic manipulation to treat GAVE led to native valve infective endocarditis (IE). Our patient had a prior history of GAVE and presented with worsening dizziness and shortness of breath (SOB). After an esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and subsequent argon plasma coagulation (APC) for active preantral bleeding, the patient was noted to have repeated fevers, a new cardiac murmur, and positive blood cultures for  Staphylococcus epidermidis , leading to a diagnosis of native infective endocarditis...

INTRODUCTION: We present a case of a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) and keratoglobus (KG) who had a near-total rupture of Descemet's membrane followed by spontaneous corneal clearing. This case is unique in that it demonstrates the potentially excellent outcome of conservative treatment for Descemet's rupture in patients with KG and illustrates the impressive migratory potential of healthy endothelial cells. CASE PRESENTATION: An 11-year-old girl with OI and KG who had rupture and near-total detachment of Descemet's membrane presented for evaluation...

Plasma cell mastitis (PCM) is a sterile inflammatory condition primarily characterized by periductal inflammation and ductal ectasia. Currently, there is a lack of non-invasive or minimally invasive treatment option other than surgical intervention. The NLRP3 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various inflammatory diseases, however, its involvement in PCM has not yet been reported. In this study, we initially observed the pronounced upregulation of NLRP3 in both human and mouse PCM tissue and elucidated the mechanism underlying the attenuation of PCM through inhibition of NLRP3...

OBJECTIVE: Reducing the incidence of delayed postoperative hemorrhage (DPH) is one of the challenges in the surgical treatment of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs). This study aimed to identify several risk factors for DPH after bAVM resection and evaluate the impact of these risk factors in patients with bAVMs. METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients with bAVMs who underwent microsurgical resection between August 2011 and September 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Pulmonary artery aneurysm (PAA) is a rare abnormality of pulmonary vasculature. It can be idiopathic or secondary to various pathologies, frequently with multiple factors leading to its formation. We report the case of a man with concomitant sarcoidosis and PAA. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 75-year-old male with a diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis was referred to the Cardiology department due to heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)...

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