Damage reanimation

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Present the state-of-the-art overview of laryngeal pacing for treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis. A minimally invasive unilateral pacing system and a fully implantable bilateral pacing system are currently in clinical trials. The relative advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS: Research in functional electrical stimulation for the reanimation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle has successfully translated from animal models to human clinical trials for unilateral pacing and bilateral pacing...

A 48-year-old female presented to the emergency department with chest pain and collapsed at the front desk. She was reanimated with mechanical chest compression, and after coronary angiography, a left anterior descending/diagonal bifurcation mini-crush stenting was performed. Few hours after the procedure, the patient showed severe hypotension. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scan evidenced a massive subcapsular liver hematoma (Grade IV, American association for the surgery of trauma (AAST) liver injury scale) of the right lobe with extrahepatic blushing...

Melanie Klein and André Green offer competing descriptions of primitive mental development. The former emphasizes the need to control internal objects through splitting and projective identification, while the latter emphasizes a narcissistic retreat from objects through progressive deadening of the self. To bridge these theoretical differences a spectrum of fantasies is proposed ranging from reanimation (bringing deadness back to life) to reparation (healing damage caused by paranoid attack). Clinically, alternations between these two defensive patterns occur, acting together to avoid painful anxieties...

For serious cases of COVID-19, with severe respiratory failure due to damage to the lungs by SARS-CoV-2, hospitalisation in intensive care with intubation is often essential. What psychotraumatic risks does this episode present for these patients? Are these sudden, complex treatments, sometimes with fatal outcomes and frequently reported in the media, also a factor in the appearance of psychological trauma for families? These questions are the subject of this clinical reflection.

INTRODUCTION:  Facial nerve palsy has a great physical and psychological impact on patients, so the avoidance of facial nerve damage during surgery and its reanimation are important for Otolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons. The acquisition of anatomical knowledge and surgical training regarding the parotid surgery and facial nerve is mandatory, but not easy to achieve. Surgical simulation is a reliable alternative to the on-the-job learning. In the study, we tested an ex vivo animal model to obtain the basic and advanced skills of parotid gland surgery and facial nerve reconstruction/reanimation...

Coronavirus associated severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) causes a worldwide syndrome called Covid-19 that has caused 5,940,441 infections and 362,813 deaths until May 2020. In moderate and severe stages of the infection a generalized swelling, cytokine storm and an increment of the heart damage biomarkers occur. In addition, a relation between Covid-19 and neurological symptoms have been suggested. The results of autopsies suggest thrombotic microangiopathy in multiple organs. We present 2 cases of patients infected with severe Covid-19 that were hospitalized in the Reanimation Unit that presented cerebrovascular symptoms and died afterwards...

Paralysis of the facial mimetic muscles causes loss of voluntary and non-voluntary muscle function, as well as facial tone. This is a devastating condition with profound functional, aesthetic and psychological consequences. Etiologies include congenital paralysis and acquired paralysis following viral infection, trauma, head and neck tumors, iatrogenic damage and more. Clinical presentation includes ocular symptoms (dry eye, epiphora, corneal irritation), nasal symptoms (nasal obstruction) and oral symptoms (drooling and speech disturbances)...

INTRODUCTION: Infraclavicular brachial plexus (BP) injury secondary to glenohumeral joint (GHJ) dislocation is a rather common complication, which may be accountable for long-lasting deficits. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential benefits of BP neurolysis in such presentation, using an endoscopic approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients who underwent endoscopic BP neurolysis in the setting of infraclavicular BP palsy due to GHJ dislocation were included...

While the donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplantation is an emerging clinical practice, the primary source of donor hearts for transplantation remains donation after brain death (DBD) donors. DCD process induces formation of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key mediator of inflammation-driven damage to heart. Inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome formation could be protective to DCD hearts. Five groups (n = 8 each) of mice were studied-control beating heart donor (CBD) wild-type (WT), DCD WT, CBD NLRP3 knockout (KO), DCD NLRP3 KO, and DCD WT NLRP3 inhibitor group...

Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis (HFA) aims to reanimate denervated mimic muscles with hypoglossal axons when the transected facial nerve is not accessible. The aim of this study was to evaluate the recovery of HFA using a "Y" tube in two variants: (1) the proximal stump of the hypoglossal nerve was entubulated to the "Y" tube (classic "Y" tube HFA) and (2) the "Y" tube was sutured to an epineurial window of a slightly damaged hypoglossal nerve (end-to-side "Y" tube HFA). A total of 48 adult female rats were divided into four groups: intact controls (group 1), sham operated (group 2), classic "Y" tube HFA (group 3) and end-to-side "Y" tube HFA (group 4)...

PURPOSE: Heart transplantation is commonly considered to be the only option available for patients with congenital heart defects and/or individuals with terminal heart failure. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) can damage the heart and prolong recovery. Common complications of IRI include graft rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy, graft dysfunction, and chronic kidney disease. Solutions of omega-3/omega-6 fatty acids and bear bile acids have been found to attenuate IRI...

BACKGROUND: Hypoglossal-facial direct side-to-end neurorrhaphy has become widely used for facial reanimation in patients with irreversible facial nerve damage. Although this procedure achieves good restoration of facial function, it has disadvantages such as mass movement and lack of spontaneity. OBJECTIVE: To present a new facial reanimation technique using hypoglossal-facial direct side-to-end neurorrhaphy with concomitant masseteric-zygomatic nerve branch coaptation and secondary muscle transfer to reduce mass movement and achieve a spontaneous smile in patients with facial paralysis...

The intricate anatomy and physiology of cranial nerves have inspired clinicians and scientists to study their roles in the nervous system. Damage to motor cranial nerves may result from a variety of organic or iatrogenic insults and causes devastating functional impairment and disfigurement. Surgical innovations directed towards restoring function to injured motor cranial nerves and their associated organs have evolved to include nerve repair, grafting, substitution, and muscle transposition. In parallel with this progress, research on tissue-engineered constructs, development of bioelectrical interfaces, and modulation of the regenerative milieu through cellular, immunomodulatory, or neurotrophic mechanisms has proliferated to enhance the available repertoire of clinically applicable reconstructive options...

OBJECTIVE: To develop French guidelines on the management of patients with severe abdominal trauma. DESIGN: A consensus committee of 20 experts from the French Society of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine (Société française d'anesthésie et de réanimation, SFAR), the French Society of Emergency Medicine (Société française de médecine d'urgence, SFMU), the French Society of Urology (Société française d'urologie, SFU) and from the French Association of Surgery (Association française de chirurgie, AFC), the Val-de-Grâce School (École du Val-De-Grâce, EVG) and the Federation for Interventional Radiology (Fédération de radiologie interventionnelle, FRI-SFR) was convened...

BACKGROUND: Dynamic rehabilitation of longstanding facial palsy with damaged, atrophied, or absent facial muscles requires replacement of neural and muscular components. The ideal reconstruction would include a fast-twitch muscle that is small, a reliable donor vessel and nerve, and the potential to provide a natural, synchronous, dentate smile with minimal donor site morbidity. Many flaps have been successfully used historically, but none has produced ideal rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the novel sterno-omohyoid, dual-vector flap in rehabilitation of chronic facial paralysis...

The brain is one of the main organs affected by hypoxia and reoxygenation in the neonatal period and one of the most vulnerable to oxidative stress. Hypoxia/ischemia and reoxygenation leads to impairment of neurogenesis, disruption of cortical migration, mitochondrial damage and neuroinflammation. The extent of the injury depends on the clinical manifestation in the affected regions. Preterm newborns are highly vulnerable, and they exhibit severe clinical manifestations such as intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and diffuse white matter injury (DWMI) among others...

Corneal neurotization represents an effective surgical strategy to restore corneal sensibility in patients affected by neurotrophic keratopathy.Corneal sensibility is essential in preserving structure and function of the eye. Loss of corneal sensibility can lead to a degenerative condition of the cornea known as neurotrophic keratopathy.Moreover, patients suffering from facial palsy show failure of full eyelid closure resulting in chronic corneal exposure and subsequent progressive damage.Reports have shown that the use of the contralateral ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve can be effective in restoring corneal sensibility...

Permanent facial paralysis and paresis (FP) results from damage to the facial nerve (FN), and is a debilitating condition with substantial functional and psychological consequences for the patient. Unfortunately, surgeons have few tools with which they can satisfactorily reanimate the face. Current strategies employ static (e.g., implantation of nonmuscular material in the face to aid in function/cosmesis) and dynamic options (e.g., gracilis myoneurovascular free tissue transfer) to partially restore volitional facial function and cosmesis...

BACKGROUND: Incomplete facial paralysis is still a challenge because we must restore what is missing without causing damage to what has recovered. The current literature is insufficient, with a small number of cases. The use of nerve transfers has gained recent popularity for reanimating facial palsy. The authors present a comparative study between cross-face nerve grafting and masseteric-to-facial nerve transposition for incomplete facial paralysis. METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with incomplete unilateral facial paralysis were reanimated with either cross-face nerve grafting (group I, n = 10) or masseteric nerve transfer (group II, n = 18)...

Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis provides excellent motor supply to the mimetic muscles of the face when there is no chance of recovery of the damaged facial nerve. However, to achieve optimal results, the timing of facial nerve surgery based on electrophysiological testing and clinical evaluation requires close follow-up of the patient. Functional results after delayed surgery are not predictable and depend on the number of surviving fibers, type of injury, severity of damage, degree of infiltration of inflammatory cells, and local fibrosis...