deconditioning

Stroke is a prevalent and disabling illness that is becoming more common in developing countries. After a stroke, physical inactivity frequently results in long-term deconditioning and disappointing consequences. This case study focuses on an infrequent 0.3% of ischemic stroke cases that occur in the external capsular (ECC) or extreme capsular (EXC) region. In sub-insular infarcts, ECC-EXC lesions are distinct and frequently linked to the anterior opercular syndrome. We are presenting the case of an 86-year-old female patient who had a fall and loss of consciousness...

Males and females experience different trajectories of neuromuscular function across the lifespan, with females demonstrating accelerated deconditioning in later life. We hypothesise that the menopause is a critical period in the female lifespan, during which, the dramatic reduction in sex hormone concentrations negatively impacts synaptic input to the motoneuron pool, as well as motor unit discharge properties.

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of adult muscular dystrophy often resulting also in cardiorespiratory deconditioning and weakness of the lower limbs. Although previous studies examined outcomes of interventions aimed at improving either cardiorespiratory fitness or muscle strength, the potential benefits of a rehabilitation program targeting both remain unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes following participation in a rehabilitation program combining aerobic and strength exercises...

Myasthenia gravis occurring de novo after kidney transplantation is a rare course of severe muscle weakness. A 57-year-old female on treatment with peritoneal dialysis following polycystic kidney disease received a renal transplant with standard basiliximab induction. She had no preceding history of neuromuscular problems. Three months after transplant she presented with progressive weakness and fatigability, finally needing a wheelchair to mobilise. Graft function was stable. Examination revealed patchy limb weakness, worsening on repeated exercise...

Studies using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to evaluate persistent dyspnea following infection with COVID-19 have focused on older patients with co-morbid diseases who are post-hospitalization. Less attention has been given to younger patients with post-COVID-19 dyspnea treated as outpatients for their acute infection. We sought to determine causes of persistent dyspnea in younger patients recovering from acute COVID-19 infection that did not require hospitalization. We collected data on all post-COVID-19 patients who underwent CPET in our clinic in the calendar year 2021...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: This study assessed the vocal health of performers returning to full-time performance after the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown and investigated how differences in voice usage, exposure to voice care professionals, and vocal pathology before and during the pandemic contributed to variability in self-perceived and instrumental vocal outcome measures. STUDY DESIGN: This was a prospective, case-control observational study conducted at a single outpatient site...

AIM: Altered mitochondrial function across various tissues is a key determinant of spaceflight-induced physical deconditioning. In comparison to tissue biopsies, blood cell bioenergetics holds promise as a systemic and more readily accessible biomarker, which was evaluated during head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR), an established ground-based analog for spaceflight-induced physiological changes in humans. More specifically, this study explored the effects of HDTBR and an exercise countermeasure on mitochondrial respiration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)...

AIMS: Elucidating the impacts of long-term spaceflight on cardiovascular health is urgently needed in face of the rapid development of human space exploration. Recent reports including the NASA Twins Study on vascular deconditioning and aging of astronauts in spaceflight are controversial. The aims of this study were to elucidate whether long-term microgravity promotes vascular aging and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Hindlimb unloading (HU) by tail suspension was used to simulate microgravity in rats and mice...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem. In patients with CKD, exercise endurance is decreased, especially as renal dysfunction advances. This is due to the combined effects of protein-energy wasting, uremic acidosis, and inflammatory cachexia, which lead to sarcopenia and are aggravated by a sedentary lifestyle, resulting in a progressive downward spiral of deconditioning. Renal rehabilitation (RR) is a coordinated, multifaceted intervention designed to optimize a patient's physical, psychological, and social functioning, as well as to stabilize, slow, or even reverse the progression of renal deterioration, improving exercise tolerance and preventing the onset and worsening of heart failure, thereby reducing morbidity and mortality...

Interest in eccentric exercises has increased over the last decades due to its efficiency in achieving moderate-high intensity muscular work with reduced metabolic demands. However, individualizing eccentric exercises in rehabilitation contexts remains challenging, as concentric exercises mainly rely on cardiovascular parameters. To overcome this, perceived exertion could serve as an individualization tool, but the knowledge about cardiovascular responses to eccentric cycling based on perceived exertion are still scarce...

Rapid deconditioning and comprehensive deleterious physiological changes that result in bedrest affect every system, function and cell of the body. It was assumed that the inherent inactivity was the cause of the problem, and that exercise would restore good health (Vernikos, 2018). However, numerous studies exploring different types and bouts of exercise once a day during bedrest produced only partial benefits. The usual frequent signal to the vestibular system of the inner ear and the brain, of changing posture, such as standing up regularly during a normal day's activities, goes silent in the microgravity of space, in bedrest or when sitting continuously...

The circadian clock extensively regulates physiology and behavior. In space, astronauts encounter many environmental factors that are dramatically different from those on Earth; however, the effects of these factors on circadian rhythms and the mechanisms remain largely unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the mouse diurnal rhythm and gut microbiome under simulated space capsule conditions, including microgravity, noise and low atmospheric pressure (LAP). Noise and LAP were loaded in the capsule while the conditions in the animal room remained constant...

In the coming decades, as humanity aims to establish a presence on Mars, there is a growing significance in comprehending, monitoring, and controlling the diverse health challenges arising from space exploration. The extended exposure to microgravity during space missions leads to various physical alterations in astronauts, such as shifts in bodily fluids, reduced plasma volume, loss of bone density, muscle wasting, and cardiovascular deconditioning. These changes can ultimately lead to orthostatic intolerance, underscoring the increasing importance of addressing these health risks...

BACKGROUND: Clinical guidelines list active fungal infection and sepsis as contraindications to liver transplantation due to the risk of worsening infection with immunosuppression postoperatively. Mortality from systemic opportunistic infections in transplant recipients is high, approaching 100% for disseminated aspergillosis. However, the optimal duration of treatment required before transplant is unclear. Additionally, delaying surgery while the infection is treated risks death from hepatic decompensation and physical deconditioning, preventing progression to transplantation...

Cardiovascular deconditioning and altered baroreflexes predispose returning astronauts to Orthostatic Intolerance. We assessed 7 astronauts (1 female) before and following long-duration spaceflight (146 ± 43 days) with minimal upright posture prior to testing. We applied lower body negative pressure (LBNP) of up to - 30 mmHg to supine astronauts instrumented for continual synchronous measurements of cardiovascular variables, and intermittent imaging the Portal Vein (PV) and Inferior Vena Cava (IVC)...

Recently, the importance of post-COVID-19 in children has been recognized in surveys and retrospective chart analysis. However, objective data in the form of cardiopulmonary exercise test as performed in adults suffering from this condition are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate the cardiopulmonary effects of post-COVID-19 on children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study (the FASCINATE study), children fulfilling the criteria of post-COVID-19 and an age- and sex-matched control group underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing on a treadmill and completed a questionnaire with regard to physical activity before, during and after the infection with SARS-CoV-2...

Microgravity, in space travel and prolonged bed rest conditions, induces cardiovascular deconditioning along with skeletal muscle mass loss and weakness. The findings of microgravity research may also aid in the understanding and treatment of human health conditions on Earth such as muscle atrophy, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the paucity of biomarkers and the unknown underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular and skeletal muscle deconditioning in these environments, there are insufficient diagnostic and preventative measures...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer patients are commonly treated with sequential administrations of epirubicin-cyclophosphamide (EC) and paclitaxel (TAX). The chronic effect of this treatment induces skeletal muscle alterations, but the specific effect of each chemotherapy agent is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EC or TAX administration on skeletal muscle homeostasis in breast cancer patients. METHODS: Twenty early breast cancer patients undergoing EC followed by TAX chemotherapies were included...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate how changes in levels of physical activity (PA) in regard to acute disease severity relate to perceived difficulties in performing daily life activities 18 months after COVID-19 infection. DESIGN: An observational study with an 18-month follow-up survey based on registry data from a national cohort. PARTICIPANTS: 5464 responders to the 18-month follow-up survey of a Swedish national cohort of 11 955 individuals on sick leave due to COVID-19 during the first wave of the pandemic...

BACKGROUND: Chronic knee pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common complication that is difficult to treat. This report aims to highlight the benefit of combining embolotherapy and neurolysis intervention for symptomatic relief of post-TKA pain in a patient with long-standing pain refractory to conservative management. CASE PRESENTATION: A 77-year-old man who had previously undergone left knee arthroplasty has been grappling with worsening knee effusion and debilitating pain, resulting in limited mobility and progressive musculature deconditioning over a 20-year period...