keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36750779/spinal-epidural-arteriovenous-fistula-with-nerve-root-enhancement-mimicking-myeloradiculitis-a-case-report
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sharon Chiang, Douglas B Pet, Jason F Talbott, Sara C LaHue, Vanja C Douglas, Nicole Rosendale
BACKGROUND: Gadolinium enhancement of spinal nerve roots on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has rarely been reported in spinal dural arteriovenous fistula (SDAVF). Nerve root enhancement and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis can be deceptive and lead to a misdiagnosis of myeloradiculitis. We report a patient who was initially diagnosed with neurosarcoid myeloradiculitis due to spinal nerve root enhancement, mildly inflammatory cerebrospinal fluid, and pulmonary granulomas, who ultimately was found to have an extensive symptomatic SDAVF...
February 7, 2023: BMC Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35405431/the-csf-in-neurosarcoidosis-contains-consistent-clonal-expansion-of-cd8-t-cells-but-not-cd4-t-cells
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael A Paley, Brandi J Baker, S Richard Dunham, Nicole Linskey, Claudia Cantoni, Kenneth Lee, Lynn M Hassman, Jennifer Laurent, Elisha D O Roberson, David B Clifford, Wayne M Yokoyama
The tissue-specific drivers of neurosarcoidosis remain poorly defined. To identify cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specific, antigen-driven T and B cell responses, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of CSF and blood cells from neurosarcoid participants coupled to T and B cell receptor sequencing. In contrast to pulmonary sarcoidosis, which is driven by CD4 T cells, we found CD8 T cell clonal expansion enriched in the neurosarcoid CSF. These CSF-enriched CD8 T cells were composed of two subsets with differential expression of EBI2, CXCR3, and CXCR4...
June 15, 2022: Journal of Neuroimmunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34950407/a-case-of-neurosarcoid-presenting-as-multiple-intraparenchymal-hemorrhages
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amit Mehta, Fahad Khan, Chris Wagner, Taymour Hashemzadeh, Andrew Stemer, Emily A Sloan, Douglas Mayson, Faria Amjad
This report explores the case of a 49-year-old African American male with a six-month history of multifocal neurological deficits who presented to an outside hospital after a generalized seizure. Patient was transferred to our tertiary medical center after brain imaging showed multiple bilateral supratentorial intraparenchymal hemorrhages (IPH). A brain biopsy confirmed parenchymal and perivascular non-caseating granulomas with vasculitis. The patient was definitively diagnosed with neurosarcoidosis (NS) and his condition improved with high dose corticosteroids and additional immunosuppressive therapies...
January 2022: Neurohospitalist
https://read.qxmd.com/read/34471595/sarcoidosis-beyond-pulmonary-involvement-a-case-series-of-unusual-presentations
#4
Basma M Medhat, Mervat E Behiry, Mohamed Fateen, Nehal El-Ghobashy, Raghda Fouda, Aya Embaby, Esraa M Seif, Marwa Magdy Taha, Mohammed Kamal Hasswa, Dina Sobhy, Christina Samir Ragheb, Mohamed Abdelkader Morad
Unusual presentations of sarcoidosis pose a diagnostic challenge and warrant attention. Hematologic associations: Case 1 (37-years-old male): Pancytopenia: myelofibrosis (leading to sepsis and mortality) following a two-year quiescent course of biopsy-proven-sarcoidosis. Case 2 : (38-years-old male): Presentation with thrombocytopenia (5 × 103 /cmm): immune thrombocytopenic purpura ( histologically associated with megakaryocytic emperipolesis ). Biopsied enlarged lymph nodes demonstrated sarcoidosis. Hematologic sarcoid involvement is usually due to granulomatous bone marrow (3...
2021: Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/33737030/systemic-associations-of-sarcoid-uveitis-correlation-with-uveitis-phenotype-and-ethnicity
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachael Louise Niederer, Shirley P Ma, Margaret L Wilsher, Noor Q Ali, Joanne L Sims, Oren Tomkins-Netzer, Sue L Lightman, Lyndell L Lim
PURPOSE: To examine systemic associations of sarcoid uveitis and association with uveitis clinical phenotype and ethnicity. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 362 subjects with definite or presumed sarcoid uveitis from Moorfields Eye Hospital, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear, and Auckland District Health Board. METHODS: Data were collected from the review of clinical notes, imaging, and investigations...
September 2021: American Journal of Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31748369/neurosarcoidosis-presenting-with-a-partial-claude-syndrome
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Meng Yip, Kirtana Vallabhaneni, David Williams
Neurosarcoidosis when encountered by neurologists most commonly presents as cranial neuropathy, peripheral mononeuropathy,polyneuropathy, myopathy, meningitis or myelopathy. There are limited reports in the current literature on the cases of neurosarcoidosis patients presenting with ischaemic stroke. We discuss a 52-year-old patient with a known previous history of cutaneous sarcoidosis presenting with an acute third nerve palsy, facial weakness and ataxia. His magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain demonstrated focal signal changes in the midbrain consistent with an acute ischaemic event in the region of his third nucleus, suggesting a partial Claude syndrome presentation...
November 19, 2019: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30617191/chronic-lymphocytic-inflammation-with-pontine-perivascular-enhancement-responsive-to-steroids-clippers-in-limited-cutaneous-sclerosis-a-rare-disease-combination
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sucharita Anand, Animesh Das, Surjyaprakash Shivnarayan Choudhury
A 26-year-old patient of limited cutaneous sclerosis presented to us with insidious-onset posterior fossa symptoms of headache, vomiting, vertigo and gait imbalance, progressing over a period of 3 weeks. A diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids was made by combining the clinical features with radiological evidence showing punctate infiltration of the pons, brainstem and cerebellum. Relevant differentials in the form of neurosarcoid, infections, central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma and Neuro-Behcet's disease were ruled out by history and investigations...
January 7, 2019: BMJ Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29720030/concurrent-letm-and-nerve-root-enhancement-in-spinal-neurosarcoid-a-case-series
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pojen Deng, Olga Krasnozhen-Ratush, Christopher William, Jonathan Howard
Spinal neurosarcoidosis is a rare form of neurosarcoid which can be challenging to diagnose given its clinical or radiographic findings are often indistinguishable from other causes of spinal demyelinating disease. We present a series of three patients with spinal neurosarcoid, all of whom demonstrated concurrent longitudinally enhancing transverse myelitis as well as spinal nerve root enhancement. These findings may be suggestive of spinal neurosarcoid and may help clinicians make the diagnosis as well as reduce the need for invasive biopsy...
December 2018: Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical and Laboratory Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28761540/neurosarcoidosis-presenting-as-an-incidental-solitary-cranial-ring-enhancing-lesion
#9
Michael Thambuswamy, Ashish H Shah, Mai Tran, Joanne T Thambuswamy, Amade Bregy, Michael D Norenberg, Ricardo J Komotar
Isolated neurosarcoidosis without prior systemic symptoms is extremely rare, occurring in approximately 2% of patients with neurosarcoidosis. Due to its rarity, mistakes in diagnosis and treatment occur commonly. We present a case of a 47-year-old female who was found to have an incidentally discovered solitary intracranial lesion that mimicked a high-grade neoplasm, but was later confirmed to be neurosarcoidosis. Incidental solitary neurosarcoid granulomas are difficult to diagnose due to its nonspecific clinical and imaging presentations...
July 2017: Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27454591/18f-fdg-uptake-in-neurosarcoid-dural-plaque-on-pet-ct
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Iman Khodarahmi, Roger E Turbin, Larry P Frohman, Nasrin Ghesani
While the imaging modality of choice to diagnose neurosarcoidosis is gadolinium-enhanced MRI, F-FDG PET/CT maybe used to stage the disease or target the optimal biopsy site. Few cases have described intense F-FDG uptake at the sites of active neurosarcoidosis in the midbrain and pituitary gland, cerebellar hemispheres, and temporal lobes. Here, we present a case of neurosarcoidosis whose PET/CT examination demonstrated F-FDG avidity in a dural plaque.
September 2016: Clinical Nuclear Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25589420/-cerebral-mr-imaging-of-malignant-melanoma
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Breckwoldt, M Bendszus
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE: Melanoma is the third leading cancer entity to metastasize to the central nervous system (CNS) after lung and breast cancer. This is often an early event in the disease course and limits survival. Metastasis in the CNS is the cause of death in 10-40 % of melanoma patients and the incidence of brain metastasis is even higher (50-75 %). Cerebral metastases are commonly found in the subcortical white matter. The signal characteristics can vary substantially and may change over time due to hemorrhages or the accumulation of melanin and paramagnetic ions...
February 2015: Der Radiologe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25183456/sarcoidosis-of-the-head-and-neck
#12
REVIEW
Arvind K Badhey, Sameep Kadakia, Ricardo L Carrau, Codrin Iacob, Azita Khorsandi
Sarcoidosis is a complex disorder that often times involves the head and neck. Despite the presence of strong clinical evidence, tissue diagnosis and imaging is needed for confirmation of the disease. Although typically managed medically, when found in the sinonasal tract or intracranially, it may necessitate the intervention of a rhinologist-skull base surgeon. This article seeks to provide a comprehensive review of head and neck sarcoidosis, as this fascinating disorder often poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge...
June 2015: Head and Neck Pathology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24182701/-18-f-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron-emission-tomography-in-patients-with-active-myelopathy
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eoin P Flanagan, Christopher H Hunt, Val Lowe, Jay Mandrekar, Sean J Pittock, Brian Patrick O'Neill, B Mark Keegan
OBJECTIVE: To report and compare spinal cord [(18)F]-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) metabolism in 51 patients with active myelopathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively identified patients from January 1, 2001, through December 31, 2011, with active myelopathy in whom FDG-PET was performed. Inclusion criteria were (1) intramedullary myelopathy, (2) neoplastic/inflammatory etiology, and (3) FDG-PET performed after myelopathy onset...
November 2013: Mayo Clinic Proceedings
https://read.qxmd.com/read/24071889/%C3%AF-neurosarcoidosis-presenting-as-trigeminal-nevralgia-a-case-report-and-review-of-the-literature
#14
REVIEW
S Braksick, S Shah-Haque, B El-Haddad, R Moussa
Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease that can present systemically, but primarily has pulmonary manifestations. It is reported across all races, but has a higher incidence among African Americans. Neurological involvement in sarcoidosis is rare, with cranial nerve seven being the most commonly reported neurological finding. Trigeminal neuralgia, as presented in this case, is very rare. A 38-year-old African American female, with history of refractory trigeminal neuralgia, cutaneous sarcoidosis, and an extensive psychiatric history, presented to the hospital for fifth cranial nerve decompression...
August 1, 2013: Sarcoidosis, Vasculitis, and Diffuse Lung Diseases: Official Journal of WASOG
https://read.qxmd.com/read/21402636/la-crosse-virus-encephalitis-preceding-neurosarcoidosis-diagnosed-by-brain-biopsy
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daisuke Kobayashi, Kelly Rouster-Stevens, Amy Harper
Childhood neurosarcoidosis is rare, and its etiology is unknown. La Crosse virus is one of the most common causes of encephalitis in North America. We report the case of a 12-year-old boy who had La Crosse virus encephalitis and subsequently developed imaging and pathologic findings suggestive of neurosarcoidosis. He presented with acute onset of transient aphasia 4 months after an episode of encephalitis; serology results at the time of aphasia were positive for La Crosse virus. Brain MRI revealed diffuse subcortical nodular lesions...
April 2011: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/20671516/a-pragmatic-approach-to-diagnosing-and-treating-neurosarcoidosis-in-the-21st-century
#16
REVIEW
Elske Hoitsma, Marjolein Drent, Om P Sharma
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Neurosarcoidosis may be a serious complication of sarcoidosis. As the presentation of neurosarcoidosis is manifold, solitary nervous system sarcoidosis without systemic activity remains a difficult diagnosis. Appropriate treatment may be a dilemma. RECENT FINDINGS: Most neurosarcoidosis patients present with neurological symptoms as the first manifestation. Whole-body fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has been found useful in neurological patients suspected of sarcoidosis...
September 2010: Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19787715/differentiating-multiple-sclerosis-from-other-causes-of-demyelination-using-diffusion-weighted-imaging-of-the-corpus-callosum
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rebecca Straus Farber, Laetitia Devilliers, Aaron Miller, Fred Lublin, Meng Law, Girish Fatterpekar, Bradley Delman, Thomas Naidich
PURPOSE: To compare diffusion weighted imaging metrics in gray and white matter brain regions of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) to those diagnosed with secondary demyelinating diseases such as neurosarcoid and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Diffusion weighted scans were performed and apparent diffusion coefficients of 12 regions of interest were determined in 30 MS patients, 21 neurosarcoid patients, and 4 ADEM patients...
October 2009: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: JMRI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/19383611/presentations-and-outcomes-of-neurosarcoidosis-a-study-of-54-cases
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Pawate, H Moses, S Sriram
OBJECTIVE: To report on the clinical presentations, laboratory abnormalities, treatment and outcomes in 54 patients with neurosarcoidosis (NS). BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems. Neurosarcoidosis (CNS involvement) is seen in approximately 25% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis, although it is subclinical in most of these cases. Because of its rarity, exposure of neurologists to the clinical spectrum of NS is limited to case reports or short case series...
July 2009: QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17976699/obstructive-hydrocephalus-and-progressive-psychosis-rare-presentations-of-neurosarcoidosis
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Franklin D Westhout, Mark E Linskey
BACKGROUND: Neurosarcoidosis presents with meningitis, cranial nerve involvement, and parenchymal masses. Usually, abnormal MR enhancement and/or structural lesion(s) are present. Communicating hydrocephalus arises from meningeal arachnoid granulation involvement. Reported cases of obstructive hydrocephalus have all involved obstructing ventricular lesions. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 40-year-old African American man presented with papilledema, diplopia, and headache. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed "aqueductal stenosis" without abnormal enhancement or obstructive lesion...
March 2008: Surgical Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/17895037/recurrent-intracerebral-hemorrhage-from-sarcoid-angiitis
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R B Libman, S Sharfstein, W Harrington, P Lerner
BACKGROUND: Sarcoid affecting the central nervous system may cause granulomatous angiitis. Nevertheless, neurosarcoid manifesting as intracerebral hemorrhage has been infrequently reported. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 48-year-old woman with systemic sarcoid developed recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages culminating in death despite treatment with corticosteroids. Pathological examination of the brain revealed inflammatory changes of blood vessels including multinucleated giant cells...
July 1997: Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases: the Official Journal of National Stroke Association
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