ALCAPA

PURPOSE: This article aims to discuss the use of three-dimensional (3D) printed models of vascular variation cases as an educational tool for undergraduate and postgraduate anatomy students. METHODS: This advanced study involved ten anatomy assistants who were provided with five distinct cases of congenital cardiovascular variations, each accompanied by a computed tomography angiography (CT-A) and 1:1 solid model format. The residents were asked to generate perceptions for both formats and then compare these perceptions based on identifying the variation, defining the structural features, and evaluating relevant educational perspectives...

INTRODUCTION: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart disease that usually presents with heart failure symptoms in infants. Without surgical correction, the condition has a high infant mortality rate. However, patients with ALCAPA can remain asymptomatic for decades in some cases, and the risk of sudden death decreases in adulthood. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present the case of a 52-year-old female who was incidentally diagnosed with ALCAPA during a routine medical evaluation...

UNLABELLED: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is considered a rare congenital heart disease where the take-off of the left coronary artery abnormally originates from the pulmonary artery instead of left aortic sinus. It is associated with a high mortality rate in the first year of life and sudden death in adults if left untreated. We report an adult form of ALCAPA syndrome in a 20-year-old female who presented with anginal pain for the previous few months...

A young woman presented with a syncopal episode. As part of the work-up for her presentation, an MRI of the brain was performed which showed a small acute stroke. She subsequently had a further embolic-appearing stroke 9 months later. The initial investigations for the work-up of her strokes did not reveal any major abnormalities, including an unremarkable ECG and transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE). A transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) showed aneurysmal apical and mid-anteroseptal akinesis with mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction...

The colorful term "coronary steal" arose in 1967 to parallel "subclavian steal" coined in an anonymous 1961 editorial. In both instances, the word "steal" described flow reversal in the setting of an interconnected but abnormal vascular network-in one case a left subclavian stenosis proximal to the origin of the vertebral artery and in the other case a coronary fistula. Over time, the term has morphed to include a larger set of pathophysiology without explicit flow reversal but rather with a decrease in stress flow due to other mechanisms...

Objectives: To analyze the reasons of missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis on anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) by echocardiography. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Patients with ALCAPA who underwent surgical treatment in Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2008 to December 2021 were included. According to the results of preoperative echocardiography and surgical diagnosis, the patients were divided into confirmed group or missed diagnosis/misdiagnosis group...

BACKGROUND: Anomalous origin of the coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital disease. Surgical re-implantation of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) to the aorta is a definitive treatment with a good prognosis. CASE SUMMARY: A 9-year-old boy was admitted with a complaint of exertional chest pain and dyspnoea. At 13 months of age, he was diagnosed to have ALCAPA as a workup of severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction and underwent coronary re-implantation of ALCAPA...

Both the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) and unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery (UAPA) are rare congenital malformations, ALCAPA accompanied with UAPA is extremely rare. Here, we reported a middle-aged man admitted to our department for evaluation of chest pain during exercise. Physical examination and lab tests did not unveil obvious abnormality; however, transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) revealed multivessel myocardial collateral blood flow signals in the left ventricular wall and ventricular septum, a shunting flow from the left coronary artery into the pulmonary artery and dilated right coronary artery (RCA), which supported but did not confirm the diagnosis of ALCAPA...

Teaching Point: Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA syndrome) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by a steal phenomenon; it must be recognized, as a prompt treatment may prevent life-threatening complications such as myocardial infarction, mitral dysfunction, and malignant dysrhythmias in adults.

A 5-month-old girl, weighing 5.3 kg, diagnosed ALCAPA underwent emergency surgery. The left coronary artery (LCA) originated from the posterior pulmonary artery (PA), and the left main trunk (LMT) was very short (1.5 mm), with moderate level of mitral valve regurgitation (MR). The distance from the origin to the pulmonary valve (Pv) was also short. A free extension conduit was created using adjacent sinus Valsalva flaps and implanted in the ascending aorta to avoid distortion of the coronary artery and the Pv...

• ALCAPA can be diagnosed for the first time in older adults. • Collateral coronary blood flow from the RCA leads to RCA dilatation. • Consider ALCAPA with reduced LVEF, bright papillary muscles, MR, and RCA dilatation. • Color and spectral Doppler is useful to assess perioperative coronary arterial flow.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a congenital malformation that classically presents within the first year of life. Few patients survive into adulthood, and initial presentation after the fourth decade of life is rare. We describe a 55-year-old woman who presented after cardiac arrest. She initially refused surgery and underwent automated implantable cardioverter defibrillator placement, followed later by surgical repair involving reimplantation of the left coronary artery to the aorta and pulmonary artery reconstruction using interposition grafts...

BACKGROUND: The study aims to review the midterm results of surgical repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA) in our center, and assess the postoperative cardiac function recovery and misdiagnosis. METHOD: Patients who underwent repair of ALCAPA between January 2005 and January 2022 at our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 136 patients underwent repair of ALCAPA in our hospital, among which 49...

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The anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is a rare congenital disease. Early surgical reconstruction is mandatory to prevent adverse cardiac events. Direct coronary button transfer, vein graft interposition, ligation, and coronary artery bypass construction are the most commonly used techniques. This case report presents a modified technique of Dacron graft interposition and reimplantation anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery on the ascending aorta.

Anomalous origin of left anterior descending artery (LAD) from pulmonary artery (ALADCAPA) with dual LAD from left sinus is an extremely rare coronary anomaly. The diagnostic challenge lies in differentiating this from a coronary cameral fistula. Surgical reimplantation of the anomalous LAD is recommended to prevent the risk of myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias.

OBJECTIVES: Myocardial strain abnormalities are described after surgical repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) even after recovery of ventricular function. The factors that predispose to the presence of these strain abnormalities in the presence of normal ventricular function are unknown. The aim of this study was to find out whether the age at repair influences the presence of global and regional strain abnormalities on follow-up. METHODS: Repaired ALCAPA patients from a single centre (n = 40) with good ventricular ejection fraction on follow-up were recruited...

INTRODUCTION: Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital coronary artery malformation, with a fatality rate of 90% at 1 year of age; only 10% to 15% of patients are diagnosed in adulthood. However, elderly survivors are particularly rare. Here, we report a case of elderly ALCAPA presented with acute myocardial infarction. CASE PRESENTATION: A 64-years-old female, complained of acute precordial pain in our hospital for 2 days...

INTRODUCTION: Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) is a rare coronary artery malformation with an incidence of 0.002% in patients undergoing coronary angiography. It can lead to an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death, even in asymptomatic patients. METHODS: We conducted a review of published cases of ARCAPA using PubMed and Scopus databases and included patients over 18 years old with adequate echocardiographic data...

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital malformation, usually diagnosed in the infant period due to myocardial ischemia and heart failure, with the need for emergency surgery. Less commonly, it can be asymptomatic until adulthood. Coronary artery aneurysms are also rare anatomical anomalies with symptoms of acute or chronic angina or even remain completely asymptomatic. We present an unusual case of ALCAPA, associated with a giant aneurysm of the right coronary artery...