neurocognitive disorder

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cannabis may have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in people with HIV (PWH); however, given this population's high burden of persisting neurocognitive impairment (NCI), clinicians are concerned they may be particularly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of cannabis on cognition. Here, we present a systematic scoping review of clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the effects of cannabinoid exposure on cognition in HIV. RECENT FINDINGS: Results revealed little evidence to support a harmful impact of cannabis use on cognition in HIV, with few eligible preclinical data existing...

As global aging becomes more prominent, neurocognitive disorders (NCD) incidence has increased. Patients with NCD usually have an impairment in one or more cognitive domains, such as attention, planning, inhibition, learning, memory, language, visual perception, and spatial or social skills. Studies indicate that 50-80% of these adults will develop neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), such as apathy, depression, anxiety, disinhibition, delusions, hallucinations, and aberrant motor behavior. The progression of NCD and subsequent NPS requires tremendous care from trained medical professionals and family members...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with reading (RD) or mathematics disorders (MD). Structured treatment programs were developed to improve phonological awareness and number sense among children and adolescents with RD or MD, respectively, and the effectiveness of the learning disorder treatment programs were evaluated. METHODS: We used standardized, objective diagnostic, and evaluation tools not only to recruit participants with RD, MD, or comorbid attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, but also to assess the effectiveness of the treatments regarding both improved core neurocognitive deficits of RD or MD and academic achievement...

BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESIS: Speech markers are digitally acquired, computationally derived, quantifiable set of measures that reflect the state of neurocognitive processes relevant for social functioning. "Oddities" in language and communication have historically been seen as a core feature of schizophrenia. The application of natural language processing (NLP) to speech samples can elucidate even the most subtle deviations in language. We aim to determine if NLP based profiles that are distinctive of schizophrenia can be observed across the various clinical phases of psychosis...

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic is an ongoing global health problem affecting 38 million people worldwide with nearly 1.6 million new infections every year. Despite the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), a large percentage of people with HIV (PWH) still develop neurological deficits, grouped into the term of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Investigating the neuropathology of HIV is important for understanding mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment seen in PWH...

BACKGROUND: Higher educational attainment is strongly associated with a reduced risk of neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). However, the literature is not yet clear on (1) the minimum years of compulsory education that would sufficiently mitigate the risk of NCDs, and (2) whether educational attainment has differential effects across sexes. To bridge these gaps, this study sought to model potential non-linear relationship between years of education and NCD risk, across men and women. METHODS: The study recruited 17,671 participants from Alzheimer's Disease Centres across United States, aged≥50 years and had normal cognition at baseline...

Pragmatic impairment is diffused in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, but the literature still debates its neurocognitive underpinnings. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the neurocognitive correlates of pragmatic disorders in schizophrenia and determine the weight of social cognition and executive functioning on such disorders. Of the 2,668 records retrieved from the literature, 16 papers were included in the systematic review, mostly focused on non-literal meanings and discourse production in schizophrenia...

Background : Depression and cognitive impairment are recognized complications of COVID-19. This study aimed to assess cognitive performance in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD, n = 25) patients using neuropsychological testing. Methods : The study involved 71 post-COVID patients with matched control groups: recovered COVID-19 individuals without complications (n = 18) and individuals without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, and a comparison group (noPCD, n = 46) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression...

BACKGROUND: Deficits in Theory of Mind (ToM) had been suggested as a possible endophenotype for unaffected relatives of first episode of psychosis (FEP) patients. There are a limited number of studies which have evaluated ToM deficits among the siblings and parents of FEP patients. AIM: This study aimed to explore ToM deficits and its correlates among FEP patients, their siblings, parents, and controls. METHODOLOGY: FEP patients (N=102), their parents (N=135), siblings (N=97), and controls (N=167) were evaluated on ToM performance with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test)...

PURPOSE: To characterise existing knowledge about the design and learning outcomes of education and training programs for supported or shared decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A scoping review was performed to identify academic and grey literature, published between January 2006 and February 2022, that reported on the design and/or learning outcomes of supported or shared decision making education or training programs. Eligible literature was mapped across domains of educational design and Kirkpatrick's hierarchy of learning effectiveness, and then qualitatively synthesised using cross-case analysis...

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9113.].

BACKGROUND: Age and HIV are synergistic risk factors for conditions such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Yet, it is unclear whether OAWH display different cognitive profiles for HAND. OBJECTIVE: To describe the cognitive patterns of OAWH treated with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 330 participants with HIV, aged 50 years or older, cared for at a tertiary care hospital in Mexico City...

Since the identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, many improvements have been made to control viral replication in the peripheral blood and to treat opportunistic infections. This has increased life expectancy but also the incidence of age-related central nervous system (CNS) disorders and HIV-associated neurodegeneration/neurocognitive impairment and depression collectively referred to as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND encompasses a spectrum of different clinical presentations ranging from milder forms such as asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment or mild neurocognitive disorder to a severe HIV-associated dementia (HAD)...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With the rapidly changing landscape of state level legalization of cannabis, older adults have become one of the fastest growing populations seeking medical cannabis (MC). However, research evidence on the risks and benefits of MC use in this population remains limited. This review aims to synthesize recent literature on the impacts of MC use in older adults and identify critical knowledge gaps to be addressed in future research. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent literature showed that older adults often face financial and/or educational barriers and stigma associated with MC access...

Due to worldwide demographic change, the number of older persons in the population is increasing. Aging is accompanied by changes of sleep structure, deposition of beta-amyloid (Aß) and tau proteins and vascular changes and can turn into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as dementia. Sleep disorders are discussed both as a risk factor for and as a consequence of MCI/dementia. Cross-sectional and longitudinal population-based as well as case-control studies revealed sleep disorders, especially sleep-disorderded breathing (SDB) and excessive or insufficient sleep durations, as risk factors for all-cause MCI/dementia...

Several studies on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have suggested a developmental sequence of brain changes: subcortico-subcortical connectivity in children, evolving to subcortico-cortical in adolescence, and culminating in cortico-cortical connectivity in young adulthood. This study hypothesized that children with ADHD would exhibit decreased functional connectivity (FC) between the cortex and striatum compared to adults with ADHD, who may show increased FC in these regions. Seventy-six patients with ADHD (26 children, 26 adolescents, and 24 adults) and 74 healthy controls (25 children, 24 adolescents, and 25 adults) participated in the study...

BACKGROUND: Inflammation impairs cognitive function in healthy individuals and people with psychiatric disorders, such as bipolar disorder (BD). This effect may also impact emotion recognition, a fundamental element of social cognition. Our study aimed to investigate the relationships between pro-inflammatory cytokines and emotion recognition in euthymic BD patients and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS: We recruited forty-four euthymic BD patients and forty healthy controls (HCs) and measured their inflammatory markers, including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TNF-α...

INTRODUCTION: Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) has attracted consistently increasing attention worldwide. However, there are few bibliometric studies that systematically evaluate this field. This study aimed to visualize the knowledge structure and research trends in PND through bibliometrics to help understand the future development of basic and clinical research. METHODS: Literature related to PND in Web of Science and PubMed from 1990 to 2022 were collected through keywords retrospectively...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and eclampsia, are associated with cognitive decline later in life among U.S. Hispanic/Latina individuals. METHODS: The HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) is a prospective population-based study of Hispanic/Latino individuals aged 18-74 years from four U.S. communities. This analysis included parous individuals aged 45 years or older who participated in the HCHS/SOL clinic study visit 1 (2008-2011) neurocognitive assessment and subsequently completed a repeat neurocognitive assessment as part of the Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging ancillary study visit 2 (2015-2018)...

Falls cause severe morbidity and mortality in people over 65 years old in all countries. Cognitive frailty is considered to be one of the risk factors for falls in the elderly. Approximately 60% of the elderly with neurocognitive disorders fall annually and this is two times more compared to elderly with no cognitive impairment. We already know that neurocognitive disorders and their severity are a risk factor for falls in older people. Few studies are conducted to investigate the association between the severity of neurocognitive disorders and the severity of falls...