pain sciences

BACKGROUND: In wrist salvage, proximal row carpectomy (PRC) has increasingly shown superior outcomes to four-corner fusion (4CF). Furthermore, PRC with resurfacing capitate pyrocarbon implants (PRC + RCPIs) provides a treatment option that may allow patients to avoid 4CF or wrist arthrodesis and help restore natural joint function and distribute loads evenly across the implant, though RCPI has yet to be evaluated on a large scale. We aimed to compare outcomes between PRC and PRC + RCPI for the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) and scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC) wrists...

Haemorrhoidal disease is identified by declension of the inflamed and bleeding of vascular tissues of the anal canal. Traditionally, haemorrhoids are associated with chronic constipation and the most common symptoms are irritation in anus region, pain and discomfort, swelling around anus, tender lumps around the anus and rectal bleeding (depending upon the grade of haemorrhoid). Among the several conventional treatment procedures (commonly mentioned as, rubber band litigation, sclerotherapy and electrotherapy), laser haemorrhoidoplasty is an out-patient and less-invasive laparoscopic procedure...

Endoscopic carpal tunnel release (ECTR) techniques have been established as a successful treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome and have proven equally effective as traditional open carpal tunnel release (OCTR) techniques in relieving pain and numbness. However, patients who undergo OCTR are more likely to experience scar tenderness and pillar pain and take longer to return to work. We present here a method of metacarpal small incision for carpal tunnel release (MSICTR) as a safe, reliable, cost-effective alternative surgical decompression of the median nerve of the wrist...

PURPOSE: Postoperative sleep disturbance, characterized by diminished postoperative sleep quality, is a risk factor for postoperative delirium (POD); however, the association between pre-existing sleep disturbance and POD remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative sleep disturbance and POD in elderly patients after non-cardiac surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center and enrolled 489 elderly patients who underwent surgery between May 1, 2020, and March 31, 2021...

OBJECTIVE: We applied a user experience (UX) design approach to clinical decision support (CDS) tool development for the specific use case of pediatric asthma. Our objective was to understand physicians' workflows, decision-making processes, barriers (ie, pain points), and facilitators to increase usability of the tool. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a mixed-methods approach with semi-structured interviews and surveys. The coded interviews were synthesized into physician-user journey maps (ie, visualization of a process to accomplish goals) and personas (ie, user types)...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the application effect of intelligent health education based on the health belief model on patients with postoperative kinesophobia after surgical treatment of cervical spondylosis. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted with patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy, decompression, and fusion surgery with a single central nerve and spine center, and who had postoperative kinesophobia, ie, fear of movement. The patients made voluntary decisions concerning whether they would receive the intervention of intelligent health education...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of cortical bone trajectory screws and traditional pedicle screws in posterior lumbar fusion. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze lumbar degeneration patients who underwent surgical treatment at our hospital between January 2016 and January 2019. A total of 123 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their surgical procedures and the members of the two groups were matched by age, sex, and the number of fusion segments...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of medical thoracoscopic bulla volume reduction for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with giant emphysematous bullae (GEB). METHODS: A total of 66 patients with COPD combined with GEB were enrolled in the study. All the subjects received treatment at Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated with Zhengzhou University between March 2021 and December 2022. The subjects were divided into two groups, a medical thoracoscope group consisting of 30 cases treated with medical thoracoscopic bulla volume reduction and a surgical thoracoscope group consisting of 36 cases treated by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery...

Intervertebral disc degeneration is widely recognized as one of the main causes of lower back pain. Intervertebral disc cells are the primary cellular components of the discs, responsible for synthesizing and secreting collagen and proteoglycans to maintain the structural and functional stability of the discs. Additionally, intervertebral disc cells are involved in maintaining the nutritional and metabolic balance, as well as exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects within the intervertebral discs...

Osteochondral lesion of the talus (OLT) is a localized cartilage and subchondral bone injury of the talus trochlea. OLT is caused by trauma and other reasons, including osteochondritis dissecans of the talus (OCD) and talus osteochondral tangential fracture. OLT can develop from being asymptomatic to subchondral bone cysts accompanied by deep ankle pain. OLT tends to occur on the medial and lateral sides of the talar vault. OLT seriously affects the patients' life and work and may even lead to disability. Herein, we reviewed advances in the treatment of OLT and the strengths and weaknesses of various treatments...

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have compared the safety and effectiveness of general and regional anaesthesia in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed to compare the perioperative and postoperative outcomes of general anaesthesia and regional anaesthesia for patients undergoing PCNL. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For relevant articles, three electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from their inception until March 2023...

This study explores the effects of the Mediterranean diet, herbal remedies, and their phytochemicals on various gastrointestinal conditions and reviews the global use of medicinal plants for common digestive problems. The review highlights key plants and their mechanisms of action and summarizes the latest findings on how plant-based products influence the digestive system and how they work. We searched various sources of literature and databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus...

BACKGROUND: Horses with trigeminal-mediated headshaking (TMHS) exhibit different headshaking patterns (HSPs), electric shock-like jerking, signs of nasal irritation, and painful facial expressions. The History Rest and Exercise Score (HRE-S) was developed to objectively clarify the severity of the condition in affected horses. This score considers the history and severity of clinical signs at rest and exercise. This study aimed to assess the frequency of different clinical signs and their individual associations with diagnosis, treatment, and outcome in horses diagnosed with TMHS...

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) poses a significant threat, affecting half of the global diabetic population and leading to severe complications, including pain, impaired mobility, and potential amputation. The delayed manifestation of diabetic neuropathy (DN) makes early diagnosis challenging, contributing to its debilitating impact on individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). This review examines the multifaceted nature of DPN, focusing on the intricate interplay between oxidative stress, metabolic pathways, and the resulting neuronal damage...

Fentanyl is a synthetic μ-opioid receptor agonist approved to treat severe to moderate pain with faster onset of action and about 100 times more potent than morphine. Over last two decades, abuse of fentanyl and its derivatives has an increased trend, globally. Currently, the United States (US) faces the most serious situation related to fentanyl overdose, commonly referred to as the opioid epidemic. Nowadays, fentanyl is considered as the number one cause of death for adults aged 18-45 in the US. Synthesis and derivatization of fentanyl is inexpensive to manufacture and easily achievable...

BACKGROUND: Oral vitamin C supplementation has been associated with lower risk of chronic postsurgical pain. However, the effect of dietary vitamin C on pain in a non-surgical setting is unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between dietary vitamin C intake and changes over time in chronic pain and its characteristics in community-dwelling adults aged 60+ years. METHODS: We pooled data from participants of the Seniors-ENRICA-1 (n=864) and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (n=862) cohorts who reported pain at baseline or at follow-up...

Orthodontic pain is characterized by sensations of tingling, tooth discomfort, and intolerance. According to the oral health report, over forty percent of children and adolescents have undergone orthodontic treatment. The efficacy of orthodontic treatment involving braces can be compromised by the diverse levels of discomfort and suffering experienced by patients, leading to suboptimal treatment outcomes and reduced patient adherence. Nanotechnology has entered all areas of science and technology. This review provides an overview of nanoscience, its application in orthodontics, the underlying processes of orthodontic pain, effective treatment options, and a summary of recent research in Nano-dentistry...

Pain is a common symptom of many diseases with a high incidence rate. Clinically, drug treatment, as the main method to relieve pain at present, is often accompanied by different degrees of adverse reactions. Therefore, it is urgent to gain a profound understanding of the pain mechanisms in order to develop advantageous analgesic targets. The PD-L1/PD-1 pathway, an important inhibitory molecule in the immune system, has taken part in regulating neuroinflammation and immune response. Accumulating evidence indicates that the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway is aberrantly activated in various pain models...

BACKGROUND: Osgood-Schlatter is the most frequent growth-related injury affecting about 10% of physically active adolescents. It can cause long-term pain and limitations in sports and physical activity, with potential sequela well into adulthood. The management of Osgood-Schlatter is very heterogeneous. Recent systematic reviews have found low level evidence for surgical intervention and injection therapies, and an absence of studies on conservative management. Recently, a novel self-management approach with exercise, education, and activity modification, demonstrated favorable outcomes for adolescents with patellofemoral pain and Osgood-Schlatter in prospective cohort studies...

OBJECTIVE: De Quervain's tenosynovitis causes pain and impairment of thumb function. Conservative treatments comprise corticosteroid injection and immobilization, and it is unclear which offers greater efficacy. Previous reviews were limited by the small number of included studies; thus an updated review and meta-analysis is warranted. METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Randomized control trials comparing corticosteroid injection to immobilization were included...