Allergic (pediatric or kids or children)

BACKGROUND: Childhood bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease. Nutritional conditions, including zinc deficiency, can affect such allergic disorders. AIM: To outline the difference in serum zinc levels between asthmatic children and healthy controls. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out at Children's Hospital, Cairo University, investigating serum zinc levels in children with BA ( n = 40) and healthy children ( n = 21)...

Contaminants may induce immune response polarization, leading to immune diseases, such as allergic diseases. Evidence concerning the effects of chlorinated paraffins (CPs), an emerging persistent organic pollutant, on immune system is scarce, particularly for epidemiological evidence. This study explores the association between CPs exposure and allergic diseases (allergic rhinitis, atopic eczema, and allergic conjunctivitis) in children and adolescents in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) in China. Herein, 131,304 children and adolescents from primary and secondary schools in the PRD were included and completed the questionnaire survey...

Background: Early-onset myopia increases the risk of irreversible high myopia. Methods: This study systematically evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose atropine for myopia control in children with premyopia through meta-analysis using random-effects models. Effect sizes were calculated using risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Comprehensive searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were conducted until 20 December 2023, without language restrictions. Results: Four studies involving 644 children with premyopia aged 4-12 years were identified, with atropine concentrations ranging from 0...

INTRODUCTION: The basophil activation test (BAT) has shown evidence of high sensitivity and high specificity to support the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. It is a functional test that uses live cells analyzed by flow cytometry and thus needs to be performed within 24h of blood collection. BAT has shown to be reproducible and reliable when tested in a clinical diagnostic laboratory with standardized protocols and flow cytometry settings. AREAS COVERED: In this review, we summarize the evidence to support clinical use of BAT and the next steps required for clinical implementation for an improve clinical care for patients with suspected IgE-mediated food allergy...

BACKGROUND: Eczema is associated with multiple genes regulating epidermal barrier functions and immunological pathways. However, their epistatic interactions are not well studied. This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between childhood eczema phenotypes and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of immune regulatory genes. METHODS: One thousand three hundred and twenty-nine Chinese eczematous children and 1,179 non-allergic controls were recruited...

OBJECTIVE: This modelling study aimed to estimate the burden for allergic diseases in children during a period of 30 years. DESIGN: Population-based observational study. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The data on the incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for childhood allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and asthma, were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019 online database. This data set spans various groups, including different regions, ages, genders and Socio-Demographic Indices (SDI), covering the period from 1990 to 2019...

The efficacy and safety of preventive allergen immunotherapy (pAIT) in children are currently under investigation. Here, we provide an overview of pAIT with respiratory allergens concerning the prevention of new sensitizations, allergic disease onset and progression as well as further immunomodulatory effects. Three databases were searched for clinical pAIT studies in children. Selected publications were reviewed for preventive outcomes according to prevention level (primary, secondary, and tertiary), allergen type, administration route, dose, and treatment duration...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations between birth-related exposures and postnasal factors and risk for allergic rhinitis and asthma in children and adolescents. METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of five literature databases up until May 2023. To estimate the associations between birth-related exposures (birth weight, mode of delivery, prematurity, sex, maternal age, and parental history of allergy) and postnatal factors (birth order, number of siblings, exclusive, and duration of breastfeeding) and allergic disease, we calculated pooled odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals...

BACKGROUND: Studies in adult chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) showed poor correlation between patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and objective findings. Our goal is to study the correlation between the sinus and nasal quality of life (SN-5) and the 22-items sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22) surveys with endoscopy findings in children with chronic adenoiditis (CA) and CRS. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all pediatric patients (age 2-18) presenting for CA or CRS was performed...

Combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) refers to a common respiratory disease that occurs simultaneously with clinical or subclinical allergic symptoms of the upper respiratory tract (allergic rhinitis) and the lower respiratory tract (asthma). The incidence of CARAS is high and the quality of life of the patients is greatly affected. At present, treatment of this comprehensive disease is often carried out separately in the otorhinolaryngology and respiratory departments. One of the reasons is a lack of coordinated treatment consensus on the comprehensive management of this disease...

BACKGROUND: Pediatricians are often the first point of contact for children in Primary Care (PC), but still perceive gaps in their allergy knowledge. We investigated self-perceived knowledge gaps and educational needs in pediatricians across healthcare systems in Europe so that future educational initiatives may better support the delivery of allergy services in PC. METHOD: A multinational survey was circulated to pediatricians who care for children and adolescents with allergy problems in PC by the EAACI Allergy Educational Needs in Primary Care Pediatricians Task Force from February to March 2023...

PURPOSE: Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), have been increasingly associated with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGID). However, the relationship between these diseases remains unclear. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis to address this issue. METHODS: The search was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines using descriptors for ASD and EGIDs from the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, LILACS, and Web of Science databases...

Despite the widely recommended usage of partially or extensively hydrolyzed milk protein formula (PHF or EHF) for preventing allergic diseases (ADs), clinical studies have been inconclusive regarding their efficacy compared with cow's milk formula (CMF) or breast milk (BM). We aimed to systematically evaluate the effects of PHF or EHF versus CMF or BM on the risk of ADs (cow's milk allergy, allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, wheeze, food allergy, and sensitization) in children. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for clinical trials published from inception to October 21st, 2022...

INTRODUCTION: The frequency of immuno-allergic dermatoses (IAD) is gradually overtaking that of infectious dermatoses in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemioclinical profile and the determinants of IAD in children of 0-5 years old at the University Clinics of Kinshasa (UCK). METHODS: This was a documentary and descriptive study that focused on children from 0 to 5 years old with IAD, over an 11-year period from 2011 to 2021...

BACKGROUND: Allergic sensitization and low lung function in early childhood are risk factors for subsequent wheezing and asthma. However, it is unclear how allergic sensitization impacts lung function over time. OBJECTIVE: To test whether allergy influences lung function and whether these factors synergistically increase the risk of continued wheezing in childhood. METHODS: We analyzed longitudinal measurements of lung function (spirometry, impulse oscillometry) and allergic sensitization (aeroallergen skin tests, serum allergen-specific IgE) throughout early childhood in the Urban Environmental and Childhood Asthma study which included high-risk urban children living in disadvantaged neighborhoods...

BACKGROUND: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is a common pediatric disease that significantly impacts the growth and quality of life of children. However, there is no replicable and valid model for AH. METHODS: An AH rat model was developed via comprehensive allergic sensitization, chronic inflammation induction, and chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). The modeling process involved three steps: female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 4-5 weeks) were used for modeling. Allergen sensitization was induced via intraperitoneal administration and intranasal provocation using ovalbumin (OVA); chronic nasal inflammation was induced through intranasal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration for sustained nasal irritation; CIH akin to obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome was induced using an animal hypoxia chamber...

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INTRODUCTION: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammation of the esophagus, characterized by symptoms related to esophageal dysfunction, resulting from severe eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal mucosa. It is common in atopic subjects and food antigens have been identified as the most common triggers. However, a seasonal variation in EoE prevalence, correlated with air pollen levels, is reported, suggesting that also aeroallergens may play a role...

Allergic rhinitis affects approximately 40% of children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, comorbid illnesses, complications and quality of life in children referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece. We analyzed 590 pediatric patients referred to the outpatient clinic of "Allergic Rhinitis" in Penteli Children Hospital, Athens, Greece from 26/01/2012 to 20/11/2022. Allergic rhinitis was recorded as the one and only allergic disease in 59% of the children diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, concomitant asthma in 16% of them, atopic dermatitis in 8% and allergic conjunctivitis in 5%...

The term "feeding difficulties" refers to a spectrum of phenotypes characterized by suboptimal intake of food and/or lack of age-appropriate eating habits. While it is evident that feeding difficulties are prevalent within healthy children, no consensus has been reached for those with food allergies. The aim of this study was to systematically review all the available literature reporting the prevalence of feeding difficulties within food allergic children. We searched eight international electronic databases for all published studies until June 2022...