Artificial blood

BACKGROUND: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have prognostic significance in several cancers, including breast. Despite interest in combining radiotherapy with immunotherapy, little is known about the effect of radiotherapy itself on the tumor-immune microenvironment, including TILs. Here, we interrogated longitudinal dynamics of tumor-infiltrating and systemic lymphocytes in patient samples taken before, during, and after neoadjuvant radiotherapy (NART), from XXX and XXX breast clinical trials...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder associated with the hormone insulin. The two main types of DM are type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM). Physical activity plays a crucial role in the therapy of diabetes, benefiting both types of patients. The detection, recognition, and subsequent classification of physical activity based on type and intensity are integral components of DM treatment. The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) signal provides the blood glucose (BG) level, and the combination of CGMS and heart rate (HR) signals are potential targets for detecting relevant physical activity from the BG variation point of view...

The introduction of minimally invasive surgery ushered in a new era of spine surgery by minimizing the undue iatrogenic injury, recovery time, and blood loss, among other complications, of traditional open procedures. Over time, technological advancements have further refined the care of the operative minimally invasive spine patient. Moreover, pre-, and postoperative care have also undergone significant change by way of artificial intelligence risk stratification, advanced imaging for surgical planning and patient selection, postoperative recovery pathways, and digital health solutions...

OBJECTIVES: The first aim of this study was to assess the predictive power of Tend interval (Te) and non-invasive hemodynamic markers, based on bioimpedance in decompensated chronic heart failure (CHF). The second one was to verify the possible differences in repolarization and hemodynamic data between CHF patients grouped by level of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Finally, we wanted to check if repolarization and hemodynamic data changed with clinical improvement or worsening in CHF patients...

OBJECTIVES: The increasing prevalence of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (SMPP) poses a significant threat to the health of children. This study aimed to characterise and assess the outcomes in children with SMPP. METHODS: We retrospectively analysed children hospitalised for M. pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) between January and December 2022. Retrospectively, demographic, clinical, underlying diseases, laboratory and radiological findings, and treatment outcomes were collected and analysed...

Assessing the individual risk of Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) is of major importance as cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide. Quantitative Myocardial Perfusion Imaging (MPI) parameters such as stress Myocardial Blood Flow (sMBF) or Myocardial Flow Reserve (MFR) constitutes the gold standard for prognosis assessment. We propose a systematic investigation of the value of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to leverage [ <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/> <mml:mn>82</mml:mn></mml:msup> </mml:math> Rb] Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) PET MPI for MACE prediction...

BACKGROUND: Acute leukaemias are life-threatening haematological cancers characterised by the infiltration of transformed immature haematopoietic cells in the blood and bone marrow. Prompt and accurate diagnosis of the three main acute leukaemia subtypes (ie acute lymphocytic leukaemia [ALL], acute myeloid leukaemia [AML], and acute promyelocytic leukaemia [APL]) is of utmost importance to guide initial treatment and prevent early mortality but requires cytological expertise that is not always available...

Long-term patency and ability for revascularization remain challenges for small-caliber blood vessel grafts to treat cardiovascular diseases clinically. Here, a gelatin/heparin coated bio-inspired polyurethane composite fibers-based artificial blood vessel with continuous release of NO and biopeptides to regulate vascular tissue repair and maintain long-term patency is fabricated. A biodegradable polyurethane elastomer that can catalyze S-nitrosothiols in the blood to release NO is synthesized (NPU). Then, the NPU core-shell structured nanofiber grafts with requisite mechanical properties and biopeptide release for inflammation manipulation are fabricated by electrospinning and lyophilization...

BACKGROUND: The growth in the capabilities of telehealth have made it possible to identify individuals with a higher risk of uncontrolled diabetes and provide them with targeted support and resources to help them manage their condition. Thus, predictive modeling has emerged as a valuable tool for the advancement of diabetes management. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conceptualize and develop a novel machine learning (ML) approach to proactively identify participants enrolled in a remote diabetes monitoring program (RDMP) who were at risk of uncontrolled diabetes at 12 months in the program...

BACKGROUND: Experimental coronary artery interventions are currently being performed on non-diseased blood vessels in healthy animals. To provide a more realistic pathoanatomical scenario for investigations on novel interventional and surgical therapies, we aimed to fabricate a stenotic lesion, mimicking the morphology and structure of a human atherosclerotic plaque. METHODS: In an interdisciplinary setting, we engineered a casting mold to create an atherosclerotic plaque with the dimensions to fit in a porcine coronary artery...

To examine the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to beef heifers throughout gestation on mineral status and hormone/endocrine profiles in the dam and calf, and morphometric characteristics and organ mass of the calf at 30 h after birth, Angus-based heifers (n = 72, 14 to 15 months of age, initial body weight [BW] = 380.4 ± 50.56 kg) were estrus synchronized and artificially inseminated (AI) with female-sexed semen. Heifers were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 36) or a basal diet plus a vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 36) via an individual feeding system beginning at breeding, with both diets targeting BW gains of 0...

Trends in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) after lung transplant (LT) and its clinical value are not well stablished. This study aimed to determine kinetics of hs-cTnI after LT, factors impacting hs-cTnI and clinical outcomes. LT recipients from 2015 to 2017 at Toronto General Hospital were included. Hs-cTnI levels were collected at 0-24 h, 24-48 h and 48-72 h after LT. The primary outcome was invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) >3 days. 206 patients received a LT (median age 58, 35...

Diabetes is an enduring metabolic condition identified by heightened blood sugar levels stemming from insufficient production of insulin or ineffective utilization of insulin within the body. India is commonly labeled as the "diabetes capital of the world" owing to the widespread prevalence of this condition. To the best of the authors' last knowledge updated on September 2021, approximately 77 million adults in India were reported to be affected by diabetes, reported by the International Diabetes Federation...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts 24-h variability of blood pressure, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. Therefore, we analysed the daily variability of pulse pressure, the maximum value of acceleration rate of aortic pressure (dP/dt(max) ) measured by telemetry and protein expression in the thoracic aorta of normotensive male rats exposed to ALAN (1-2 lx) for 3 weeks. Daily, 24-h variability of pulse pressure and dP/dt(max) was observed during a regular light/dark regimen with higher values during the dark compared to the light phase of the day...

BACKGROUND: Among patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), downstream positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging can be performed to assess the presence of myocardial ischemia. A novel artificial-intelligence-guided quantitative computed tomography ischemia algorithm (AI-QCTischemia ) aims to predict ischemia directly from coronary CTA images. We aimed to study the prognostic value of AI-QCTischemia among patients with obstructive CAD on coronary CTA and normal or abnormal downstream PET perfusion...

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery calcium (CAC) scans contain useful information beyond the Agatston CAC score that is not currently reported. We recently reported that artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled cardiac chambers volumetry in CAC scans (AI-CAC™) predicted incident atrial fibrillation in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). In this study, we investigated the performance of AI-CAC cardiac chambers for prediction of incident heart failure (HF). METHODS: We applied AI-CAC to 5750 CAC scans of asymptomatic individuals (52% female, White 40%, Black 26%, Hispanic 22% Chinese 12%) free of known cardiovascular disease at the MESA baseline examination (2000-2002)...

BACKGROUND: Healthcare providers currently calculate risk of the composite outcome of morbidity or mortality associated with a coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery through manual input of variables into a logistic regression-based risk calculator. This study indicates that automated artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques can instead calculate risk. Specifically, we present novel numerical embedding techniques that enable NLP (natural language processing) models to achieve higher performance than the risk calculator using a single preoperative surgical note...

The utilization of a minimally invasively placed catheter-mounted intravascular micro-axial flow blood pump (IMFBP) is increasing in the population with advanced heart failure. The current development of IMFBPs dates back around the 1990s, namely the Hemopump with a wire-drive system and the Valvopump with a direct-drive system. The wire-drive IMFBPs can use a brushless motor in an external console unit to transmit rotational force through the drive wire rotating the impeller inside the body. The direct-drive IMFBPs require an ultra-miniature and high-power brushless motor...

PURPOSE: Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of early-onset retinal degenerative disorders, resulting in blindness in children. This study aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics of a cohort of patients with LCA and to investigate the retinal vascular characteristics in LCA patients. METHODS: Fifty-two children with LCA were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed ocular examinations. Electroretinography (ERG) was used to evaluate the retinal function...

BACKGROUND: Quantification of total cardiovascular risk is essential for individualizing hypertension treatment. This study aimed to develop and validate a novel, machine-learning-derived model to predict cardiovascular mortality risk using office blood pressure (OBP) and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). METHODS: The performance of the novel risk score was compared with existing risk scores, and the possibility of predicting ABP phenotypes utilizing clinical variables was assessed...